Özel Gereksinimli Öğrencilerin Problem Çözme Becerilerine Yönelik Yapılan Tek Denekli Araştırmaların İncelenmesi

Abstract

Problem çözme, bireyin akademik, mesleki ve sosyal yaşam alanlarında başarılı tutumlar sergilemesini doğrudan etkileyen önemli disiplinlerden biridir. Ayrıca, matematiksel problem çözme sürecinin yalnızca matematik öğrenmenin bir amacı olmadığı, aynı zamanda hesaplama, tahmin etme ve analitik düşünme gibi becerileri içeren temel bir araç olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de özel gereksinimli öğrencilerle problem çözme üzerine gerçekleştirilen tek denekli araştırmalar, yıl, katılımcı profili, katılımcı sayısı, bağımsız değişkenler, araştırma amaçları, kullanılan modeller, sosyal geçerlik alma durumu ve veri analizi kriterleri doğrultusunda incelenmiştir. 2009-2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan 12 makale, nitel doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, çalışmaların büyük ölçüde bağımsız değişken bağlamında şemaya dayalı stratejilere odaklandığını göstermektedir. Tek denekli araştırmalarda en yaygın kullanılan modelin yoklama denemeli çoklu yoklama modeli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, uygulanan tüm tek denekli müdahalelerin özel gereksinimli bireylerin problem çözme becerileri üzerinde etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu inceleme, alan yazınına katkı sağlamakta ve daha güçlü kanıtlar elde edebilmek amacıyla gelecekte daha fazla tek denekli müdahale çalışmasının gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

• Özel gereksinimli öğrenci
• Problem çözme
• Tek denekli araştırma
• Doküman incelemesi.

Examining Single-Subject Studies on Problem Solving Skills of Students with Special Needs

Abstract

Problem-solving is a necessary discipline that directly affects the individual's successful attitudes in academic, professional, and social life areas. Moreover, it is emphasized that mathematical problem solving is a goal of learning mathematics and an essential tool that includes skills such as calculation, estimation, and analytical thinking. This study analyzed single-subject studies on problem-solving with students with special needs in Türkiye in terms of the year, participant profile, number of participants, independent variables, research objectives, models used, social validity, and data analysis criteria. Twelve articles published between 2009 and 2024 were analyzed using the qualitative document analysis method. The findings show that the studies primarily focused on schema-based instructions in the context of the independent variable. It was determined that the most used model in single-subject studies was the multiple probes with probe trial model. The results revealed that all single-subject interventions effectively improved the problem-solving skills of individuals with special needs. This review contributes to the literature and points out that more single-subject intervention studies should be conducted to obtain more substantial evidence.

Keywords

• Students with special needs
• Problem solving
• Single-subject research
• Document review.

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