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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM TÜRLERİNİN TANIMLANMASINDA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: RİBOTİPLENDİRME

Year 2004, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 13 - 26, 01.05.2004

Abstract

Cryptosporidium ilk kez 1907’de tanımlanmış ancak 1976 yılına kadar insanlarda hastalığa neden olduğu fark edilememiştir. Protozoonlardan olan Cryptosporidium parvum insanlarda ve hayvanlarda Cryptosporidiosis denilen sindirim sistemi hastalıklarına neden olmaktadır. Enfeksiyon sırasında Protozoon sindirim sisteminde yerleşir ve hayatını intraseluler parazit olarak devam ettirir. Bağırsaklarda oosit formunda bulunur, dışkı ile yayılır ve hastalık yeni bireylere dışkı ile bulaşır. Cryptosporidium’un C. muris, C. baileyi ve C. meleagridis’i de gibi pek çok farklı türü kaydedilmiştir. Ancak, yalnızca bir türün insanlarda önemli hastalıklara neden olduğuna inanılmaktadır ki bu tür Cryptosporidium parvum’dur. Bağışıklık sistemi zayıf ya da AIDS hastalarında, Cryptosporidium’un birçok enfeksiyona neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu parazit ishalin süresini uzatmakta ve yaşamı tehdit etmektedir. Cryptosporidium’ un farklı türlerinin varlığı, tanımlamada önemli problemlere yol açmaktadır. Çevredeki örneklerde bulunan oositler gözlendiğinde farklı türlere ait oositler arasındaki farkı anlamak mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu nedenle filogenetik analizde moleküler metotlar kullanılmalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı Cryptosporidium türleri ve onların tanımlama metotları ile ilgili önemli bilgiler vermektir.

References

  • Alves, M., Xiao, LH., Sulaiman, I., Lal, AA., Matos, O., Antunes, F., 2003, Subgenotype Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates From Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants In Portugal Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (6): 2744-2747.
  • Angus, K.W., Appleyard, W.T., Menzles, J.D., Campbell, L. and Sherwood, O., 1982, An Outbreak of Diarrhoea Associared with Cryptosporidiosis in Naturally Reared Lambs. Vet Rec., 110: 129-130.
  • Aydın, Y., 1991, Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında Deneysel Cryptospoıidiosis: Patolojik Bulgular ve Cross-Trasmission Çalışmaları. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 38(3) 465-482.
  • Aydın, Y., Özkul, L. A., 1996, Infectiyity of Cryptosporidium muris Directly Isolared From The Murine Stomach for Yariolis Laboratory Animals. Veterinary Parasitology, 66, 257-262.
  • Bakır, B., Tanyuksel, M., Salyam, F., Tanriverdi, S., Araz, R. E., Hacim, A. K., Hasde, M., 2003, Investigation of Waterborne Parasites in Drinking Water Sources of Ankara, Turkey Journal of Microbiology . 41(2): 148-151.
  • Casemore, D. P., Sands, R. L. And Cuny, A., 1985, Cryptosporidium Species A “New” Human Pathogen. J. Clin. Pathol., 38: 1321-1336.
  • Current, W. L., Reese, N. C., Ernst, J. Y., Bailey, W. S., Heyman, M. B. and Weinstein, M., 1983, Human Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. N. Eng. J. Med., 308: 1252-1257.
  • Current, W. L., 1985, Cryptosporidiosis. J. Am. Vet Med. Assoc., 187: 1334-1338
  • Fayer, R. and Ungar, B. L. P., 1986, Cryptosporidium spp. and Cryptosporidiosis. Microbioı. Rev., 50: 458-483.
  • Fayer, R., Speer, CA., Dubey, JP., 1997, The General Biology of Cryptosporidium. in: Cryptospoıidiosis. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1-41.
  • Gatei, W., Greensill, J., Ashford, RW., Cuevas, LE., Parry, CM., Cunliffe, NA., Beeching, NJ., Hart, CA., 2003, Molecular Analysis of the 18S Rrna Gene of Cryptosporidium Parasites From Patients With or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, The United Kingdom, And Vietnam. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (4): 1458- 1462.
  • Kevin, V. S., 1998, Randomly Ampıified Polymorphic DNA PER Analysis of Bovine Cryptosporidium Parvum Strains Isolated from the Watershed of The Red River of The North. App1. Environ. Microbio1. 6: 64, 2262-2265.
  • Kirby, R. M., Bartram, J., Carr, R., 2003, Water in Food Production and Processing: Quantity and Quality Concerns. Food Control. 14(5): 283- 299.
  • Morgan, UM., 1996, The Development of Diagnostic PER Primers for Cryptosporidium Using RAPD-PCR. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 77: 103-108.
  • Morgan, UM., 1999, Phylogenetic Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Captive Reptiles Using 18S rDNA Sequence Data and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Journal of Parasitology. 85: (3) 525-530.
  • Moson, RW., Hartley, WJ. and Tilt, L., 198l, Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in A Kid Goal. Aust Vet J., 57 : 386-388.
  • Navin, T.R. and Juranek, D. D., 1984, Cryptosporidiosis Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Parasitologic Review. Rev. Infectdis., 6: 313-327.
  • Norman, JP., Fernando, JB., Slemenda, SB., Silva, A., Moura, NS., Arrowood, M., Ditrich, O., and Addiss, D., 1990, New Cryptosporidium Genotypes in HIV- Infected Persons. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5, 3, 1-6.
  • Odonoghue, P.J., 1985, Cryptosporidium Infections in Man, Animals, Birds and Fish. Aust Vet.J., 62: 253-258.
  • Özkul, LA., Alçığır, G., Karaer, Z., Kutsal, O., 1991, Bursal Cryptosporidiosis in Chickens in Marek's Disease. Türk Veterinerlik ve Hayvancılık Dergisi (Doğa), 16, 1-9.
  • Özkul, LA., Aydın, Y., 1994, Small-İntestinal Cryptosporidiosis in a Young Pigeon. Avian Pathology, 23, 369-372.
  • Patel, S., Pedraza-Diaz, S., and McLauchlin, J., 1999, The Identification of Cryptosporidium species And Cryptosporidium parvum Directly From Whole Faeces by Analysis of a Multiplex PER of the 18S Rrna Gene and by PCR/RFLP of the Cryptosporidium Outer Wall Protein (COWP) Gene. International Journal for Parasitology 29, 1241-1247.
  • Peng, MM., Wilson, ML., Holland, RE., Meshnick, SR., Lal, AA., Xiao, L., 2003, Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle in Michigan: Implications For Understanding The Transmission Dynamics. Parasitology Research. 90(3): 175-180.
  • Reese, N. C., Erinent, W.L, Ernst., J. and Bailey, W.S., 1982, Cryptosporidiosis of Man and Calf : A Case Report and Results of Experimental Infections In Mice And Rats. Am J.Trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 226-229.
  • Scorza, AV., Brewer, MM., and Lappin, MR., 2003, Polymerase Chain Reaction for The detection of Cryptosporidium Spp. In Cat Feces. Journal of Parasitology. 89 (2): 423-426.
  • Sherwood, D., Angus, K.W., Snodgrass, D.R. and Tzipori, S., 1982, Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Laboratory Mice. Infect.Immun., 38: 471-475.
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1907, A Sporozoan Found in The Peptic Glands of The Common Mouse. Proc. Soc. Exp. BioI. Med., 5: 12-13
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1910, An Extracellular Coccidium Cryptosporidium muris of The Gastric Glands of The Common Mouse. J.Med.Res., 23: 487 – 509
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1912, Cryptosporidium Parvum A Coccidium Raund in The Small Julesıine of The Common Mouse. Arch. Protistenkd., 26 : 394-412.
  • Tzipori, S., Anglis, K.W., Campbell, I. and Gray, E.W., 1980, Ctyptosporidium Evidence for a Single-Species Genis. Infect. Immun., 30: 884-886.
  • Tzipori, S., Angus, K.W., Gray, E.W., Campbell, I. and Allan, F., 1981, Diarrhea in Lambs Experimentally Infected With Cryptosporidium Isolared From Calyes. Amj.Vet. Res., 42: 1400- 1404.
  • Tzipori, S., Larsen, J., Smith, M. and Lugfl, R., 1982, Diarrhoea in Kids Attributed to Cryptosporidium infection. Vet Rec., III: 35-36.
  • Tzipori, S., 1983, Cryptosporidiosis In Animals and Humans. Microbiol. Rev., 47: 84-96.
  • Yu, JR. and Park, WY., 2003, The Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on The Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum. Journal of Parasıtology, 89(3): 639-642.

A NEW APPROACH OF IDENTIFICATION OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM STRAINS: RIBOTYPING

Year 2004, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 13 - 26, 01.05.2004

Abstract

Cryptosporidium, first described in 1907, was not recognized as a cause of human illness until 1976. The protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum is the causative agent for the gastrointestinal disease, cryptosporidiosis, in man and animals. Upon the infection, this protozoan reside principally in the gastrointestinal tract and goes through its life stages as an intracellular parasite. In the intestines, it forms oocysts which are shed in feces and which are the source of infection for new susceptiblepersons. Different species of Cryptosporidium have been recorded, including C. muris, C. baileyi, C. meleagridis. However, only species that is believed to be an important cause of disease in man is Cryptosporidium parvum. In patients who are immunosuppressed or who suffer from AIDS, Cryptosporidium is now recognized as one of a large group of infections which can contribute to a protracted and life-threatening diarrhoeal illness. The existence of different species of Cryptosporidium present problems in identification when oocysts are observed in environmental samples since it is not yet possible to differentiate between oocysts of different species. For this reason, molecular methods must use for phylogenic analysis. Purpose of this review to give important information about Cryptosporidium strains and their’s identification methods

References

  • Alves, M., Xiao, LH., Sulaiman, I., Lal, AA., Matos, O., Antunes, F., 2003, Subgenotype Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates From Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants In Portugal Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (6): 2744-2747.
  • Angus, K.W., Appleyard, W.T., Menzles, J.D., Campbell, L. and Sherwood, O., 1982, An Outbreak of Diarrhoea Associared with Cryptosporidiosis in Naturally Reared Lambs. Vet Rec., 110: 129-130.
  • Aydın, Y., 1991, Laboratuvar Hayvanlarında Deneysel Cryptospoıidiosis: Patolojik Bulgular ve Cross-Trasmission Çalışmaları. A.Ü. Vet. Fak. Dergisi, 38(3) 465-482.
  • Aydın, Y., Özkul, L. A., 1996, Infectiyity of Cryptosporidium muris Directly Isolared From The Murine Stomach for Yariolis Laboratory Animals. Veterinary Parasitology, 66, 257-262.
  • Bakır, B., Tanyuksel, M., Salyam, F., Tanriverdi, S., Araz, R. E., Hacim, A. K., Hasde, M., 2003, Investigation of Waterborne Parasites in Drinking Water Sources of Ankara, Turkey Journal of Microbiology . 41(2): 148-151.
  • Casemore, D. P., Sands, R. L. And Cuny, A., 1985, Cryptosporidium Species A “New” Human Pathogen. J. Clin. Pathol., 38: 1321-1336.
  • Current, W. L., Reese, N. C., Ernst, J. Y., Bailey, W. S., Heyman, M. B. and Weinstein, M., 1983, Human Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient persons. N. Eng. J. Med., 308: 1252-1257.
  • Current, W. L., 1985, Cryptosporidiosis. J. Am. Vet Med. Assoc., 187: 1334-1338
  • Fayer, R. and Ungar, B. L. P., 1986, Cryptosporidium spp. and Cryptosporidiosis. Microbioı. Rev., 50: 458-483.
  • Fayer, R., Speer, CA., Dubey, JP., 1997, The General Biology of Cryptosporidium. in: Cryptospoıidiosis. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1-41.
  • Gatei, W., Greensill, J., Ashford, RW., Cuevas, LE., Parry, CM., Cunliffe, NA., Beeching, NJ., Hart, CA., 2003, Molecular Analysis of the 18S Rrna Gene of Cryptosporidium Parasites From Patients With or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, The United Kingdom, And Vietnam. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 41 (4): 1458- 1462.
  • Kevin, V. S., 1998, Randomly Ampıified Polymorphic DNA PER Analysis of Bovine Cryptosporidium Parvum Strains Isolated from the Watershed of The Red River of The North. App1. Environ. Microbio1. 6: 64, 2262-2265.
  • Kirby, R. M., Bartram, J., Carr, R., 2003, Water in Food Production and Processing: Quantity and Quality Concerns. Food Control. 14(5): 283- 299.
  • Morgan, UM., 1996, The Development of Diagnostic PER Primers for Cryptosporidium Using RAPD-PCR. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 77: 103-108.
  • Morgan, UM., 1999, Phylogenetic Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Captive Reptiles Using 18S rDNA Sequence Data and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis. Journal of Parasitology. 85: (3) 525-530.
  • Moson, RW., Hartley, WJ. and Tilt, L., 198l, Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in A Kid Goal. Aust Vet J., 57 : 386-388.
  • Navin, T.R. and Juranek, D. D., 1984, Cryptosporidiosis Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Parasitologic Review. Rev. Infectdis., 6: 313-327.
  • Norman, JP., Fernando, JB., Slemenda, SB., Silva, A., Moura, NS., Arrowood, M., Ditrich, O., and Addiss, D., 1990, New Cryptosporidium Genotypes in HIV- Infected Persons. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 5, 3, 1-6.
  • Odonoghue, P.J., 1985, Cryptosporidium Infections in Man, Animals, Birds and Fish. Aust Vet.J., 62: 253-258.
  • Özkul, LA., Alçığır, G., Karaer, Z., Kutsal, O., 1991, Bursal Cryptosporidiosis in Chickens in Marek's Disease. Türk Veterinerlik ve Hayvancılık Dergisi (Doğa), 16, 1-9.
  • Özkul, LA., Aydın, Y., 1994, Small-İntestinal Cryptosporidiosis in a Young Pigeon. Avian Pathology, 23, 369-372.
  • Patel, S., Pedraza-Diaz, S., and McLauchlin, J., 1999, The Identification of Cryptosporidium species And Cryptosporidium parvum Directly From Whole Faeces by Analysis of a Multiplex PER of the 18S Rrna Gene and by PCR/RFLP of the Cryptosporidium Outer Wall Protein (COWP) Gene. International Journal for Parasitology 29, 1241-1247.
  • Peng, MM., Wilson, ML., Holland, RE., Meshnick, SR., Lal, AA., Xiao, L., 2003, Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Cattle in Michigan: Implications For Understanding The Transmission Dynamics. Parasitology Research. 90(3): 175-180.
  • Reese, N. C., Erinent, W.L, Ernst., J. and Bailey, W.S., 1982, Cryptosporidiosis of Man and Calf : A Case Report and Results of Experimental Infections In Mice And Rats. Am J.Trop. Med. Hyg., 31: 226-229.
  • Scorza, AV., Brewer, MM., and Lappin, MR., 2003, Polymerase Chain Reaction for The detection of Cryptosporidium Spp. In Cat Feces. Journal of Parasitology. 89 (2): 423-426.
  • Sherwood, D., Angus, K.W., Snodgrass, D.R. and Tzipori, S., 1982, Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in Laboratory Mice. Infect.Immun., 38: 471-475.
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1907, A Sporozoan Found in The Peptic Glands of The Common Mouse. Proc. Soc. Exp. BioI. Med., 5: 12-13
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1910, An Extracellular Coccidium Cryptosporidium muris of The Gastric Glands of The Common Mouse. J.Med.Res., 23: 487 – 509
  • Tyzzer, E.E., 1912, Cryptosporidium Parvum A Coccidium Raund in The Small Julesıine of The Common Mouse. Arch. Protistenkd., 26 : 394-412.
  • Tzipori, S., Anglis, K.W., Campbell, I. and Gray, E.W., 1980, Ctyptosporidium Evidence for a Single-Species Genis. Infect. Immun., 30: 884-886.
  • Tzipori, S., Angus, K.W., Gray, E.W., Campbell, I. and Allan, F., 1981, Diarrhea in Lambs Experimentally Infected With Cryptosporidium Isolared From Calyes. Amj.Vet. Res., 42: 1400- 1404.
  • Tzipori, S., Larsen, J., Smith, M. and Lugfl, R., 1982, Diarrhoea in Kids Attributed to Cryptosporidium infection. Vet Rec., III: 35-36.
  • Tzipori, S., 1983, Cryptosporidiosis In Animals and Humans. Microbiol. Rev., 47: 84-96.
  • Yu, JR. and Park, WY., 2003, The Effect of Gamma-Irradiation on The Viability of Cryptosporidium parvum. Journal of Parasıtology, 89(3): 639-642.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Rabia Sarıkaya This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2004
Published in Issue Year 2004 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sarıkaya, R. (2004). CRYPTOSPORIDIUM TÜRLERİNİN TANIMLANMASINDA YENİ BİR YAKLAŞIM: RİBOTİPLENDİRME. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 13-26.

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