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Öğrenilen Bilgilerin Hatırlanmasında Sınavların Etkisi

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 79 - 94, 01.01.2016

Abstract

Bu çalışmada sınavların öğrenilen bilgilerin hatırlanması üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde öğrenim gören 72 fen bilgisi öğretmeni adayı oluşturmaktadır. Öğretmen adaylarına “Enerji kaynakları ve çevre üzerindeki etkileri” ile ilgili bilgilerinin sorgulandığı bir soru formu ön test şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Forma verilen cevapların puanlanması sonucunda; üç deney, bir kontrol olmak üzere dört grup oluşturulmuştur. Ön test uygulamasından bir hafta sonra, deney grubunu oluşturan gruplardan birinci gruba çoktan seçmeli test, ikinci gruba doğru-yanlış testi, üçüncü gruba ise boşluk doldurma testi deneysel işlemler olarak uygulanmış kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir işlem uygulanmamıştır. Deneysel sürecin bir hafta sonrasında ise aynı soru formu son test olarak tekrar uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan ön test ve son test sonucunda elde edilen puanlar istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda öğrenilen bilgileri hatırlamasında sınavların etkili oldukları bulunmuştur. Ayrıca doğru-yanlış testlerinin çoktan seçmeli testlere göre daha fazla test etkisi oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Agarwall, P.K. Karpicke, J.D. Kang, S.H.K. Roediger, H.L. & McDermott, K.B., (2008). Examining the testing effect with open- and closed-book tests. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 861-876.
  • Butler, A.C. & Roediger, H.L. (2007). Testing improves long term retention in a simulated classroom setting. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-5), 514-527.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık
  • Campbell, J. & Mayer, R.E. (2009). Questioning as an instructional method: does it affect learning from lectures?. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 747-759.
  • Carpenter S.K. & DeLosh, E.L. (2006). Impoverished cue support enhances subsequent retention: support for the elaborative retrieval explanation of the testing effect. Memory&Cognition, 34(2), 268-276.
  • Chang, C.Y. Yeh, T.K. & Barufaldi, J.P. (2010) The positive and negative effects of science concept tests on student conceptual understanding. International Journal of Science Education, 32(2), 265-282.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2005). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kang, S.H.K. McDermott, K.B. & Roediger, H.L. (2007). Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long term retention. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-n5), 528-558.
  • Karpicke, J.D., & Zaromb, F.M. (2010). Retrieval Mode Distinguishes the Testing Effect from the Generation Effect. Journal of Memory and Language. 62,227-239.
  • Leeming, F.C.(2002). The exam-a-day procedure improves performance in psychology classes. Teaching of Psychology, 29(3), 210-212.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2008). Learning and instruction (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall Pearson.
  • McDaniel, M.A. Anderson, J.L. Derbish, M.H. & Morrisette, N. (2007a). Testing the testing effect in the classroom. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-5), 494-513.
  • McDaniel M.A. Roediger, H.L. & McDermott, K.B. (2007b). Generalizing test-enhanced learning from the laboratory to the classroom. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2), 200-206.
  • Naylor, S., & Keogh, B. (1999). Constructivism in Classroom: Theory into Practice. Journal of Science Teacher Education. 10(2), 93-106.
  • Roediger, H.L. & Karpicke, J.D. (2006a). Test-enhanced learning taking memory tests improves long term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255.
  • Roediger, H.L. & Karpicke, J.D. (2006b). The power of testing memory basic resarch and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(3), 181-210.
  • Turgut, M.F. ve Baykul, Y. (2015). Egitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Wheeler, M.A. Ewers, M. & Buonanno, J.F. (2003). Different rates of forgetting following study versus test trials. Memory, 11(6), 571-580.

Effects of Tests to Recall the Learned Information

Year 2016, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 79 - 94, 01.01.2016

Abstract

In this study, effect of tests to recall the learned information was examined. Seventy-two pre-service science teachers studying at an education faculty of a university were the participants of this study. Three experimental and 1 control group were formed according to scores from a question form which was used as pre test. Experimental groups has received different types of tests e.g., multiple choice test MCT , true-false test TFT and filling the blanks test FBT while control group has received no test. After completing the experimental period, same form was applied as post-test. Findings of this study reveals that there was a significant difference between post test scores of experimental groups and control group. Therefore tests have an effect to help students to recall the learned information. Also, there was a significant difference between post test scores of FBT group and MCT group. Therefore different types of tests can cause different testing effects, FBT form more testing effect than MCT.

References

  • Agarwall, P.K. Karpicke, J.D. Kang, S.H.K. Roediger, H.L. & McDermott, K.B., (2008). Examining the testing effect with open- and closed-book tests. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 861-876.
  • Butler, A.C. & Roediger, H.L. (2007). Testing improves long term retention in a simulated classroom setting. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-5), 514-527.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık
  • Campbell, J. & Mayer, R.E. (2009). Questioning as an instructional method: does it affect learning from lectures?. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23, 747-759.
  • Carpenter S.K. & DeLosh, E.L. (2006). Impoverished cue support enhances subsequent retention: support for the elaborative retrieval explanation of the testing effect. Memory&Cognition, 34(2), 268-276.
  • Chang, C.Y. Yeh, T.K. & Barufaldi, J.P. (2010) The positive and negative effects of science concept tests on student conceptual understanding. International Journal of Science Education, 32(2), 265-282.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2005). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Kang, S.H.K. McDermott, K.B. & Roediger, H.L. (2007). Test format and corrective feedback modify the effect of testing on long term retention. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-n5), 528-558.
  • Karpicke, J.D., & Zaromb, F.M. (2010). Retrieval Mode Distinguishes the Testing Effect from the Generation Effect. Journal of Memory and Language. 62,227-239.
  • Leeming, F.C.(2002). The exam-a-day procedure improves performance in psychology classes. Teaching of Psychology, 29(3), 210-212.
  • Mayer, R. E. (2008). Learning and instruction (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall Pearson.
  • McDaniel, M.A. Anderson, J.L. Derbish, M.H. & Morrisette, N. (2007a). Testing the testing effect in the classroom. European Journal of the Cognitive Psychology, 19(4-5), 494-513.
  • McDaniel M.A. Roediger, H.L. & McDermott, K.B. (2007b). Generalizing test-enhanced learning from the laboratory to the classroom. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(2), 200-206.
  • Naylor, S., & Keogh, B. (1999). Constructivism in Classroom: Theory into Practice. Journal of Science Teacher Education. 10(2), 93-106.
  • Roediger, H.L. & Karpicke, J.D. (2006a). Test-enhanced learning taking memory tests improves long term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255.
  • Roediger, H.L. & Karpicke, J.D. (2006b). The power of testing memory basic resarch and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(3), 181-210.
  • Turgut, M.F. ve Baykul, Y. (2015). Egitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • Wheeler, M.A. Ewers, M. & Buonanno, J.F. (2003). Different rates of forgetting following study versus test trials. Memory, 11(6), 571-580.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Yiğit This is me

Fatime Kıyıcı This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yiğit, E., & Kıyıcı, F. (2016). Öğrenilen Bilgilerin Hatırlanmasında Sınavların Etkisi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 79-94.

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