Westernization of the Education in Egypt in the Era of Muhammad Ali Pasha

Year 2015, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 277 - 294, 01.08.2015

Mustafa Ergün

Abstract

Westernization and modernization efforts in Egypt, which was implemented by Muhammad Ali Pasha, are worth of studying from many perspective. It was a social movement seen in two different perspectives, one was a type of Ottoman Westernization, and the other was a much more intense Russian or Japanese westernization type. It is seen that the educational institutions took an important place in this modernization. In this study, generally based on Western and original sources, modernization of Egypt in the field of education schools, labouring foreign experts, sending students to Europe has been investigated. It is seen that Muhammad Ali Pasha, as an "enlightened" despot, tried to make an advanced industrial country Egypt with a strong bureaucratic management and powerful military as soon as possible.However, the lack of a solid infrastructure, Pasha's suspicious behaviour, the majority of people supporting modernization having adventurous and controversial personalities had prevented modernization to rely on solid ground. Also the changing world at that time prevented the constant change. Therefore, these modernization efforts had been limited largely to Pasha's life

Keywords

Westernization, Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pasha, education, modernization

MEHMET ALİ PAŞA ZAMANINDA MISIR’DA EĞİTİMİN BATILILAŞMASI

Abstract

Mısır'da Mehmet Ali Paşa'nın uyguladığı Batılılaşma ve modernleşme çabası birçok açılardan incelenmeye değerdir. Bir açıdan bakıldığında Osmanlı Batılılaşması tipinde, bir açıdan da bakıldığında ondan çok daha yoğun bir Rusya veya Japonya Batılılaşması tipinde bir sosyal harekettir. Bu modernleşme içinde eğitim kurumlarının da önemli bir yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada genellikle Batılı ve orijinal kaynaklara dayanarak Mısır modernleşmesinin eğitim alanındaki okulları, çalıştırdığı yabancı uzmanlar, Avrupa'ya öğrenci gönderme faaliyetleri ana hatlarıyla incelenmiştir. Mehmet Ali Paşa?nın bir “aydın” despot olarak ülkesini kısa zamanda güçlü bir ordu, sağlam bir bürokratik yönetim ile gelişmiş bir sanayi ülkesi haline getirmek için çalışmalar yaptığı görülmektedir. Ancak sağlam bir alt yapının olmaması, Paşanın şüpheci davranışları, modernleşmeye destek veren adamların çoğunun maceraperest ve çekişmeli kişilik yapısına sahip insanlar olması modernleşmenin sağlam zeminlere oturmasını engellemiştir. O sırada değişen dünya şartları da değişimin sürekli olmasını engellemiştir. Dolayısıyla bu modernleşme çabaları büyük ölçüde Paşa?nın hayatı ile sınırlı kalmıştır.

Keywords

Batılılaşma, Mısır, Mehmet Ali Paşa, eğitim, modernleşme

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