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Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli 2024 Öğretim Programlarında Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 895 - 931, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1659146

Abstract

Bu araştırma, Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli (TYMM) 2024 öğretim programlarında benimsenen ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, ölçme ve değerlendirme ilkelerinin öğretim programlarına nasıl entegre edildiği, programlar arasındaki kavramsal tutarlılık ve öğrenme kanıtlarının kullanımı analiz edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden doküman analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, MEB tarafından yayımlanan TYMM Öğretim Programları Ortak Metni ile ortaöğretim düzeyindeki Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, matematik, fizik, kimya, biyoloji, tarih, coğrafya ve T.C. inkılap tarihi ve Atatürkçülük öğretim programları incelenmiştir. Veriler, içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz teknikleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, TYMM 2024 öğretim programlarının ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerini daha sistematik hale getirmeyi hedefleyen yenilikçi yaklaşımlar içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Öğrenme kanıtlarının öğretim süreciyle bütünleştirilmesi, ölçme araçlarının çeşitlendirilmesi, öz değerlendirme ve akran değerlendirme gibi öğrencinin değerlendirme sürecinin aktif katılımını destekleyen değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının yaygınlaştırılması, programların güçlü yönleri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, öğretim programları arasında terminolojik bütünlüğün bazı alanlarda sağlanamaması, bazı öğrenme kanıtlarının ölçülmek istenen öğrenme çıktılarına uyumsuzluğu ve değerlendirme yönergelerinin detay düzeyindeki farklılıklar, geliştirilmesi gereken alanlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, öğretim programlarının geliştirilmesi, revizyonu, eğitim politikalarının şekillendirilmesi ve öğretmen eğitimi programlarının düzenlenmesine yönelik önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.

References

  • Adamson, F., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2014). Policy pathways for twenty-first century skills. In P. Griffin & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and approach (pp. 293–310). Springer.
  • Allal, L. (2010). Assessment and the Regulation of Learning. In Penelope Peterson, Eva Baker, Barry McGaw, (Eds), International Encyclopedia of Education. Vol. 3, (pp. 348-352). Elsevier.
  • Arda, D. (2009). İlköğretim sınıf öğretmenlerinin 2005 öğretim programı ekseninde ölçme ve değerlendirme alanındaki yeterlilik ve görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Bayat, S. ve Şentürk, Ş. (2015). Fizik, kimya, biyoloji ortaöğretim alan öğretmenlerinin alternatif ölçme değerlendirme tekniklerine ilişkin görüşleri. Amasya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 118-135.
  • Behrens, J., & DiCerbo, K. E. (2018). Technological implications for assessment ecosystems. In E. W. Gordon (Ed.), To assess, to teach, to learn: A vision for the future of assessment (Technical report) (pp. 101–122). Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2018). Classroom assessment and pedagogy. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(6), 551–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2018.1441807
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/qrj0902027
  • Brookhart, S. (2023). Classroom assessment essentials. ASCD
  • Brookhart, S. M., & McMillan, J. H. (Eds.). (2019). Classroom assessment and educational measurement (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429507533
  • Collins, A., & Halverson, R. (2018). Rethinking education in the age of technology: The digital revolution and schooling in America (2nd ed.). Teachers College Press.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2017.1315399
  • DaRosa, D. A., Skeff, K., Friedland, J. A., Coburn, M., Cox, S., Pollart, S., O'connell, M., & Smith, S. (2011). Barriers to effective teaching. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 86(4), 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820defbe
  • Demirel, Ö. (2020). Eğitimde program geliştirme (29. basım). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Duncan, R. G., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2009). Learning progressions: Aligning curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 46(6), 606-609. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20316
  • Earl, L. M. (2013). Assessment as learning: Using classroom assessment to maximize student learning (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
  • Ertürk, S. (1997). Eğitimde Program Geliştirme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ferguson-Patrick, K., & Jolliffe, W. (2018). Cooperative learning for intercultural classrooms. Case studies for inclusive pedagogy. Routledge.
  • Gelbal, S. ve Kelecioğlu, H. (2007). Öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemleri hakkındaki yeterlik algıları ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 135-145.
  • Gordon, E. W. (2018). To assess, to teach, to learn: A vision for the future of assessment (Technical Report). Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
  • Gök, B. (2022). Hayat bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının ölçme-değerlendirme ögesinin karşılaştırmalı olarak analizi: Singapur, Hong-Kong, Kanada ve Türkiye Örneği. e- Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9, 148-170. doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.975451
  • Gök, B. ve Şahin, A. K. (2009). İlköğretim 4. ve 5. Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Değerlendirme Araçlarını Çoklu Kullanımı ve Yeterlik Düzeyleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34, 153.
  • Gregory, G. H., & Chapman, C. (2013). Differentiated instructional strategies: One size doesn't fit all (3rd ed.). Corwin Press.
  • Gullickson, A. R. (1984). Teacher perspectives of their instructional use of tests. The Journal of Educational Research, 77(4), 244-248.
  • Harlen, W. & James, M. (1997) Assessment and learning: Differences and relationships between formative and summative assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 4(3), 365-379. http://doi.org/10.1080/0969594970040304
  • Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Routledge.
  • Heritage, M. (2007). Formative assessment: What do teachers need to know and do? Phi Delta Kappan, 89(2), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170708900210
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2004). Assessing students in groups: Promoting group responsibility and individual accountability. Sage Publications.
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2015). Theoretical approaches to cooperative learning. In R. M. Gillies (Ed.), Collaborative learning. Development in research and practice (pp. 17–46). Nova Science Publisher Inc.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024a). Öğretim programları kurul kararı (Karar No: 20). https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024b). Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli öğretim programları ortak metni. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/
  • Moss, C. M., & Brookhart, S.M. (2019). Advancing formative assessment in every classroom: A guide for instructional leaders (2nd Edition). ASCD Publishing.
  • Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Özoğlu, S. Ç. ve Koç, N. (1996). Çağdaş üniversitede öğrencinin akademik başarısının ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Popham, W. J. (1997). The standards movement and the emperor’s new clothes. NASSP Bulletin, 81(590), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659708159005
  • Popham, W. J. (2009). Assessment literacy for teachers: Faddish or fundamental? Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802577536
  • Rock, M., Gregg, M., Ellis, E., & Gable, R. A. (2008). REACH: A framework for differentiating classroom instruction. Preventing School Failure, 52, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.3200/PSFL.52.2.31-47
  • Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18, 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117714
  • Sahlberg, P. (2016). The global educational reform movement and its impact on schooling. In K. Mundy, A. Green, B. Lingard, & A. Verger (Eds.), The handbook of global education policy (pp. 128–144). Wiley Online Library.
  • Slavin, R. E. (2014). Cooperative learning and academic achievement: Why does groupwork work? Anales De Psicologia, 30(3), 785–791. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.201201
  • Stiggins, R. J. (2002). Assessment crisis: the absence of assessment for learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 83(10), 758-765. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170208301010
  • UNESCO. (2020). Education for sustainable development: A roadmap. UNESCO Publishing.
  • VERBI Software. (2020). MAXQDA 2020 [computer software]. Berlin, Germany: VERBI Software. Available from maxqda.com.
  • Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don't teach the new survival skills our children need and what we can do about it. Basic Books.
  • Webb, N. L. (1997). Criteria for alignment of expectations and assessments in mathematics and science education (Research Monograph No. 6). University of Wisconsin-Madison, National Institute for Science Education.
  • Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005) Understanding by design (2nd ed.). ASCD.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zhao, Y. (2009). Catching up or leading the way: American education in the age of globalization. ASCD.

Investigation of Measurement and Evaluation Approach in Turkey Century Education Model 2024 Curricula in Terms of Various Variables

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 895 - 931, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1659146

Abstract

This study aims to examine the measurement and evaluation approaches adopted in the curricula of the Century of Turkish Education Model (CTEM) 2024. The study analyses how the principles of assessment and evaluation are integrated in the curricula, the conceptual coherence between the curricula, and the use of evidence of learning. The study used the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research designs, and examined the Turkish Language and Literature, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, History of the Turkish Revolution and Kemalism secondary curricula, and the MoNE's CTEM main text. The data were analyzed using content and descriptive analysis techniques. As a result of the research, it was found that the TYMM 2024 curricula include innovative approaches aimed at making measurement and evaluation processes more systematic. Integrating evidence of learning into the teaching process, diversifying assessment tools, and promoting student participation stand out as strengths. However, the analysis also revealed that the lack of terminology uniformity, incompatibilities with learning outcomes with suggested evidence, and differences in assessment guidelines are crucial areas for improvement. These findings have significant implications for curriculum development, educational policies, teacher education programs, and ensuring consistent terminology, appropriate measurement tools, and standardized assessment processes.

References

  • Adamson, F., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2014). Policy pathways for twenty-first century skills. In P. Griffin & E. Care (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21st century skills: Methods and approach (pp. 293–310). Springer.
  • Allal, L. (2010). Assessment and the Regulation of Learning. In Penelope Peterson, Eva Baker, Barry McGaw, (Eds), International Encyclopedia of Education. Vol. 3, (pp. 348-352). Elsevier.
  • Arda, D. (2009). İlköğretim sınıf öğretmenlerinin 2005 öğretim programı ekseninde ölçme ve değerlendirme alanındaki yeterlilik ve görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
  • Bayat, S. ve Şentürk, Ş. (2015). Fizik, kimya, biyoloji ortaöğretim alan öğretmenlerinin alternatif ölçme değerlendirme tekniklerine ilişkin görüşleri. Amasya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 118-135.
  • Behrens, J., & DiCerbo, K. E. (2018). Technological implications for assessment ecosystems. In E. W. Gordon (Ed.), To assess, to teach, to learn: A vision for the future of assessment (Technical report) (pp. 101–122). Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and Classroom Learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2018). Classroom assessment and pedagogy. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(6), 551–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2018.1441807
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/qrj0902027
  • Brookhart, S. (2023). Classroom assessment essentials. ASCD
  • Brookhart, S. M., & McMillan, J. H. (Eds.). (2019). Classroom assessment and educational measurement (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429507533
  • Collins, A., & Halverson, R. (2018). Rethinking education in the age of technology: The digital revolution and schooling in America (2nd ed.). Teachers College Press.
  • Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice? European Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2017.1315399
  • DaRosa, D. A., Skeff, K., Friedland, J. A., Coburn, M., Cox, S., Pollart, S., O'connell, M., & Smith, S. (2011). Barriers to effective teaching. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 86(4), 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820defbe
  • Demirel, Ö. (2020). Eğitimde program geliştirme (29. basım). Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • Duncan, R. G., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2009). Learning progressions: Aligning curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 46(6), 606-609. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20316
  • Earl, L. M. (2013). Assessment as learning: Using classroom assessment to maximize student learning (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
  • Ertürk, S. (1997). Eğitimde Program Geliştirme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Ferguson-Patrick, K., & Jolliffe, W. (2018). Cooperative learning for intercultural classrooms. Case studies for inclusive pedagogy. Routledge.
  • Gelbal, S. ve Kelecioğlu, H. (2007). Öğretmenlerin ölçme ve değerlendirme yöntemleri hakkındaki yeterlik algıları ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(33), 135-145.
  • Gordon, E. W. (2018). To assess, to teach, to learn: A vision for the future of assessment (Technical Report). Gordon Commission on the Future of Assessment in Education.
  • Gök, B. (2022). Hayat bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler dersi öğretim programlarının ölçme-değerlendirme ögesinin karşılaştırmalı olarak analizi: Singapur, Hong-Kong, Kanada ve Türkiye Örneği. e- Kafkas Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9, 148-170. doi:10.30900/kafkasegt.975451
  • Gök, B. ve Şahin, A. K. (2009). İlköğretim 4. ve 5. Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Değerlendirme Araçlarını Çoklu Kullanımı ve Yeterlik Düzeyleri. Eğitim ve Bilim, 34, 153.
  • Gregory, G. H., & Chapman, C. (2013). Differentiated instructional strategies: One size doesn't fit all (3rd ed.). Corwin Press.
  • Gullickson, A. R. (1984). Teacher perspectives of their instructional use of tests. The Journal of Educational Research, 77(4), 244-248.
  • Harlen, W. & James, M. (1997) Assessment and learning: Differences and relationships between formative and summative assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 4(3), 365-379. http://doi.org/10.1080/0969594970040304
  • Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers: Maximizing impact on learning. Routledge.
  • Heritage, M. (2007). Formative assessment: What do teachers need to know and do? Phi Delta Kappan, 89(2), 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170708900210
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2004). Assessing students in groups: Promoting group responsibility and individual accountability. Sage Publications.
  • Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2015). Theoretical approaches to cooperative learning. In R. M. Gillies (Ed.), Collaborative learning. Development in research and practice (pp. 17–46). Nova Science Publisher Inc.
  • Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage Publications.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024a). Öğretim programları kurul kararı (Karar No: 20). https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/
  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2024b). Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli öğretim programları ortak metni. https://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/
  • Moss, C. M., & Brookhart, S.M. (2019). Advancing formative assessment in every classroom: A guide for instructional leaders (2nd Edition). ASCD Publishing.
  • Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Özoğlu, S. Ç. ve Koç, N. (1996). Çağdaş üniversitede öğrencinin akademik başarısının ölçülmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th Edition). Sage Publications.
  • Popham, W. J. (1997). The standards movement and the emperor’s new clothes. NASSP Bulletin, 81(590), 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263659708159005
  • Popham, W. J. (2009). Assessment literacy for teachers: Faddish or fundamental? Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802577536
  • Rock, M., Gregg, M., Ellis, E., & Gable, R. A. (2008). REACH: A framework for differentiating classroom instruction. Preventing School Failure, 52, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.3200/PSFL.52.2.31-47
  • Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18, 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117714
  • Sahlberg, P. (2016). The global educational reform movement and its impact on schooling. In K. Mundy, A. Green, B. Lingard, & A. Verger (Eds.), The handbook of global education policy (pp. 128–144). Wiley Online Library.
  • Slavin, R. E. (2014). Cooperative learning and academic achievement: Why does groupwork work? Anales De Psicologia, 30(3), 785–791. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.201201
  • Stiggins, R. J. (2002). Assessment crisis: the absence of assessment for learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 83(10), 758-765. https://doi.org/10.1177/003172170208301010
  • UNESCO. (2020). Education for sustainable development: A roadmap. UNESCO Publishing.
  • VERBI Software. (2020). MAXQDA 2020 [computer software]. Berlin, Germany: VERBI Software. Available from maxqda.com.
  • Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
  • Wagner, T. (2008). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don't teach the new survival skills our children need and what we can do about it. Basic Books.
  • Webb, N. L. (1997). Criteria for alignment of expectations and assessments in mathematics and science education (Research Monograph No. 6). University of Wisconsin-Madison, National Institute for Science Education.
  • Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005) Understanding by design (2nd ed.). ASCD.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Zhao, Y. (2009). Catching up or leading the way: American education in the age of globalization. ASCD.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Measurement and Evaluation in Education (Other), Curriculum Evaluation in Education
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Semih Aşiret 0000-0002-0577-2603

Özgül Su Özenir 0000-0001-9605-4596

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date March 16, 2025
Acceptance Date June 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aşiret, S., & Su Özenir, Ö. (2025). Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli 2024 Öğretim Programlarında Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Yaklaşımının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 895-931. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1659146