Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents

Ceyhan Turhan; Özge İdrisoğlu

doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1905343

EN TR

Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents

Abstract

This study aims to examine the predictive impact of perceived parental attitudes and parental self-efficacy on current parenting styles of preschool parents. The study employs a correlational survey model, which is a quantitative research design. Data were collected from 202 parents of children aged 36-72 months using the Parental Attitude Scale, Berkeley Parental Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Shortened Perceived Parental Attitude Scale-Child Form (s-EMBU), and hierarchical regression analysis was applied to determine the predictive relationship between the variables. T-tests and ANOVA were used to analyze whether parental attitudes differed according to demographic variables. Findings revealed that repressive/authoritarian attitudes significantly differed based on income, education level, number of children, and employment status. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that parental self-efficacy and a perceived democratic father attitude were significant predictors of democratic parenting styles. Also, regression analyses show that perceived paternal overprotection in childhood is a significant predictor of authoritarian parenting behaviors in adulthood. Additionally, mothers were found to exhibit significantly higher repressive attitudes than fathers. The results support the notion that both intergenerational patterns of parental attitudes and parental competence beliefs play a critical role in shaping current parenting styles during the preschool period. These findings highlight the importance of school-based parent guidance and psychoeducational programs in preschool settings, particularly those implemented by teachers and school counselors, that aim to strengthen parental self-efficacy and support more democratic and developmentally appropriate parenting practices.

Keywords

parenting style, perceived parental attitude, self-efficacy

Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Ebeveynlerinde Ebeveynlik Stillerinin Belirleyicileri Olarak Ebeveyn Öz Yeterliliği ve Algılanan Ebeveynlik Tutumları

Abstract

Bu çalışma, algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının ve ebeveyn öz yeterliliğinin okul öncesi dönemdeki ebeveynlerin mevcut ebeveynlik stilleri üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada nicel bir araştırma modeli olan ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmaktadır. Veriler, 36-72 aylık çocukların 202 ebeveyninden, Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği, Revize Berkeley Ebeveyn Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği ve Kısaltılmış Algılanan Ebeveyn Tutum Ölçeği–Çocuk Formu (s-EMBU-C) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki yordayıcı ilişkiyi belirlemek için hiyerarşik çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmış; ebeveyn tutumlarının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemek amacıyla bağımsız örneklemler t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, baskıcı/otoriter tutumların gelir düzeyi, eğitim durumu, çocuk sayısı ve istihdam durumuna göre anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi, ebeveyn öz yeterliliğinin ve çocuklukta algılanan babanın duygusal sıcaklığının demokratik ebeveynlik stillerinin anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca regresyon analizleri, çocuklukta algılanan babanın aşırı koruyuculuğunun yetişkinlikteki otoriter ebeveynlik davranışlarının anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna ek olarak, annelerin babalara kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek baskıcı tutumlar sergilediği bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, hem kuşaklar arası ebeveyn tutum örüntülerinin hem de ebeveyn yeterlilik inançlarının okul öncesi dönemde mevcut ebeveynlik stillerini şekillendirmede kritik bir rol oynadığı görüşünü desteklemektedir. Bu bulgular, özellikle öğretmenler ve okul psikolojik danışmanları tarafından uygulanan; ebeveyn öz yeterliliğini güçlendirmeyi ve daha demokratik ile gelişimsel açıdan uygun ebeveynlik pratiklerini desteklemeyi amaçlayan okul temelli ebeveyn rehberliği ve psiko-eğitim programlarının önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Ebeveynlik stili, algılanan ebeveyn tutumu, öz yeterlik

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Early Childhood Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ceyhan Turhan ^*
0000-0003-0935-5150
Türkiye

Özge İdrisoğlu
0000-0002-9754-0059
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 31, 2026

Submission Date

March 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 19, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 34 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1905343

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA89JB83XC

APA

Turhan, C., & İdrisoğlu, Ö. (2026). Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents. Kastamonu Education Journal, 34(3), 569-593. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1905343

AMA

1.Turhan C, İdrisoğlu Ö. Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents. Kastamonu Education Journal. 2026;34(3):569-593. doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1905343

Chicago

Turhan, Ceyhan, and Özge İdrisoğlu. 2026. “Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes As Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents”. Kastamonu Education Journal 34 (3): 569-93. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1905343.

EndNote

Turhan C, İdrisoğlu Ö (July 1, 2026) Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents. Kastamonu Education Journal 34 3 569–593.

IEEE

[1]C. Turhan and Ö. İdrisoğlu, “Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents”, Kastamonu Education Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 569–593, July 2026, doi: 10.24106/kefdergi.1905343.

ISNAD

Turhan, Ceyhan - İdrisoğlu, Özge. “Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes As Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents”. Kastamonu Education Journal 34/3 (July 1, 2026): 569-593. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1905343.

JAMA

1.Turhan C, İdrisoğlu Ö. Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents. Kastamonu Education Journal. 2026;34:569–593.

MLA

Turhan, Ceyhan, and Özge İdrisoğlu. “Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes As Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents”. Kastamonu Education Journal, vol. 34, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 569-93, doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1905343.

Vancouver

1.Ceyhan Turhan, Özge İdrisoğlu. Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents. Kastamonu Education Journal. 2026 Jul. 1;34(3):569-93. doi:10.24106/kefdergi.1905343

Kastamonu Education Journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Parental Self Efficacy and Perceived Parenting Attitudes as Predictors of Parenting Styles in Preschool Parents

Abstract

Keywords

Okul Öncesi Dönemdeki Çocukların Ebeveynlerinde Ebeveynlik Stillerinin Belirleyicileri Olarak Ebeveyn Öz Yeterliliği ve Algılanan Ebeveynlik Tutumları

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