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Focusing Human on Learning: A Study Based on Brain Researches

Year 2017, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 1187 - 1202, 15.05.2017

Abstract

Learning has taken important part for people’s life, since born. Effective learning depends
on individuals’ mental, emotional, social and physical development. Development of all these
areas bound up functional working of brain. Recently, examining brain effect on learning
researches are increased with developing technology. Accordingly, teachers try to transfer
these research results into learning environment. Transfering scientific researches into learning environment involves ethical responsibility for researchers and implementers. Correctly
interpreting and transfering the research evidences which explain the relationship between
brain and learning are important. In this article, the researches that explain relationship
between brain and learning in literature are analyzed and compiled. With these information
(based on literature) reccomendations have been developed for implementation. 

References

  • Anderson, O. R. (2011). Brain, mind, and the organization of knowledge for effective recall and application. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 45-61.
  • Ansari, D. Coch, D. & De Smedt, B. (2011). Connecting education and cognitive neuroscience: where will the journey take us? Educational Philosophy and Theory,43(1), 37-42.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Battro, A., & Fischer, K. (2012). Mind, brain, and education in the digital era. Mind, Brain, and Education, 6(1), 49-50. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2011.01137.x
  • Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N., A., Stocco, A. & Van Rijn, H. (2010). The neural correlates 0f problem states: testing fmrı predictions of a computational model of multitasking. Plos One, 5 (9), 1-17.
  • Boss, S. (2011). Six tips for brain-based learning. Edutopia presents. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.edutopia.org/brain-based-learning-strategies-resource-guide, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Caine, R.N. & Caine, G. (1991). Making connections making and the human brain. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Campbell, S. R. (2011). Educational neuroscience: motivations, methodology, and implications. Educational Philosophy&Theory, 43(1), 7-16. doi:10.1111/j.1469- 812.2010.00701.x
  • Connell, J. D. (2009). The global aspects of brain-based learning. Educational Horizons, 88(1), 28-39.
  • Delong, G. R. (1993). Effects of nutrition on brain development in humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 57, 286-290.
  • Dembo, M. H. (1994). Applying educational psychology. New York: Longman.
  • Ebrahim, H., Seleti, J. & Dawes A. (2013). Learning begins at birth: ımproving access to early learning. Berry, L., Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Lake, L. & Smith, C. (ed). South African Child Gauge 2013. Cape Town: Childrens’s Institute, University of Cape Town.
  • Emmerson, J. (2011). Your mind on music: muffins, magic, mozart, myth. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 63-70.
  • Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C. & Szabo, A.(2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. PNAS, 108 (7), 3017-3022.
  • Feinstein, S. (2011). The Teenage brain and technology. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 71-84.
  • Ferrari, M. & McBride, H. (2011). Mind, brain and education: the birth of a new science. Learning landscapes, 5 (1), 85-100.
  • Fidan, N. (1986). Okulda öğrenme ve öğretme. Ankara: Kadıoğlu Matbaası.
  • Fischbach, G. D. (1992). Mind and brain. Scientific American, 267 (3), 48-57.
  • Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: the theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
  • Geake, J. (2011). Position statement on motivations, methodologies, and practical implications of educational neuroscience research: FMRI studies of the neural correlates of creative intelligence. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 43-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00706.x
  • Giganti, F., Arzilli, C., Conte, F., Toselli, M., Viggiano, M. P. & Ficca, G. (2014). The effect of a daytime nap on priming and recognition tasks in preschool children. Sleep. 2014 Jun 1, 37(6):1087-93.
  • Guesry, P. (1998). The role of nutrition in brain development. Preventive medicine, 27, 189-194.
  • Hebb, D. O. (1972). A textbook of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders.
  • Herdman, E. A. (2006). Derleme makale yazımında, konferans ve bildiri sunumu hazırlamada pratik bilgiler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 3 (1), 2-4.
  • Immordino-Yang, M. H. & Damasio, A. (2011). We feel, therefore we learn: the relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 115-130.
  • Jensen, E. P. (2008). A fresh look at brain-based education. Phi Delta Kappan, 89, 408–417.
  • Joja, D. O. (2013). Learning experience and neuroplasticity-a shifting paradigm. Noema, XII, 159-170.
  • Katai, Z. & Toth, L. (2010). Technologically and artistically enhanced multi-sensory computer-programming education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 244-251. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.04.012
  • Kelly, A. E. (2011). Can cognitive neuroscience ground a science of learning? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 17-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00702.x
  • Kirschbaum, C., Wolf, O. T., May, M., Wippich, W. & Hellhammer, D. H. (1996). Stress-and treatment-induced elevations of cortisol levels associated with ımpaired declarative memory in healthy adults. Life Sciences, 58 (17), 1475-1483.
  • Koizumi, H. (2011). Brain-science based cohort studies. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 48-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00707.x
  • Kommer, D., Cox, T, Farmer, K. J., Gregg, D. & McDowell, K. (2007). ABC's of brain-based learning. Inquiry Seminar SP07, 1-28. [Çevrim-içi: http://personal.ashland.edu/dkommer/ABCs%20of%20BBL.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Lee, K. & Fong N. G. S. (2011). Neuroscience and the teaching of mathematics. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 81-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00711.x
  • Leproult, R., Copinschi, G., Buxton, O. & Cauter, E. V. (1997). Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep, 20(10), 865-870.
  • Lin, C. S., Liu Y., Huang W. Y., Lu C. F. & Teng, S. (2013). Sculpting the intrinsic modular organization of spontaneous brain activity by art. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66761. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066761
  • Lipsett, A. B. (2011). Supporting emotional regulation in elementary school: brain-based strategies and classroom ınterventions to promote self-regulation. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 157-175.
  • Logan, G. D. & Burkell, J. (1986). Dependence and independence in responding to double stimulation: a comparison of stop, change, and dual-task paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12 (4), 549-563.
  • Lupien, S. J., Leon, M., Santi, S., Convit, A. & Tarshish, C. (1998). Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nature Neuroscience, 1(1), 69-73.
  • Macklem, G. L. (2008). Practitioner’s guide to emotion regulation in school-aged children. New York: Springer.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Medina, J. (2009). Brain rules. Seattle: Pear Press.
  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Pyschological Review, 63 (2), 81-97.
  • Moreno, S. & Bidelman, G. M. (2014). Examining neural plasticity and cognitive benefit through the unique lens of musical training. Hearing Research, 84. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.09.012
  • Ortiz, T. (2010). Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and reticular activating system involvement in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alliant International University, Los Angeles.
  • Peterson, L. R. & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short term retention of individual verbal items. Journal Of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193-198.
  • Sattelmair, J. & Ratey, J. (2009). Physically active play and cognition an academic matter? American Journal of Play. Winter, 365-374.
  • Schwartz, M., Gerlach, J. (2011). The birth of a field and the rebirth of the laboratory school. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 67-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00709.x
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2013). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim. Ankara: Yargı Yayınevi.
  • Slavin, R., E. (2006). Educational pyschology theory and practice. Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Sousa, D. A. (2011). Mind, brain and education: Theiımpact of educational neuroscience on the science of teaching. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 37-43.
  • Stein, Z.& Fisher, K. W. (2011). Directions for mind, brain, and education: methods, models, and morality. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 56-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00708.x
  • Tali, S., Delgado, M. R. & Phelps, E. A. (2004). How emotion enhances the feeling of remembering. Nature Neuroscience, 7 (12), 1376-1380.
  • Tavernijers, J., Ruysseveldt, J. V., Smeets, T. & Grumbkow, J. V. (2010). High-intensity stress elicits robust cortisol increases, and impairs working memory and visuo-spatial declarative memory in special forces candidates: a field experiment. Stress, 13(4), 323-333.
  • Tyler, R.W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Uauy, R. & Dangour, A. D. (2006). Nutrition in brain development and aging: role of essential fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews, 64 (2), 24-33.
  • Uncu, Y. ve Akman, M. (2004). Sağlığa biyopsikososyal yaklaşım, aile doktorları için kurs notları. Ankara: Ata Ofset Tanıtım ve Matbaacılık.
  • Van Nes, S., Van Doorn, P., KUITWAARD, K., MERKIES, I., ve FABER, C. (2011). “Rasch-Built Overall Disability Scale (R-ODS) for Immune-Mediated Peripheral Neuropathies.” Neurology, 76(4), 337-345. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318208824b
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Yılmaz, O. (2006). Derleme yazılar. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Süreli Yayıncılık 4.Ulusal Sempozyumu. [Çevrim-içi: http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr/tip/sempozyum4/page49-52.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Willis, J. (2008). How your child learns best: brain-friendly strategies you can use to ignite your child’s learning and ıncrease school success. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
  • Zull, J. E. (2011). From brain to mind using neuroscience to guide change in education. Sterling VA: Stylus Publishing.

Öğrenmede İnsanı Odağa Almak: Beyin Araştırmaları Doğrultusunda Bir Tartışma

Year 2017, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 1187 - 1202, 15.05.2017

Abstract

Öğrenme, doğumdan itibaren bireyin yaşamında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Etkili
öğrenmenin gerçekleşebilmesi bireyin zihinsel, duygusal, sosyal ve fiziksel gelişimine bağlıdır.
Bütün bu alanlardaki gelişim beynin işlevsel çalışmasına bağlı olarak gerçekleşmektedir.
Gelişen teknolojinin de etkisiyle son yıllarda beynin öğrenme üzerindeki etkisini inceleyen
çalışmaların sayısı artmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öğretmenlerin çalışma sonuçlarını öğretim
ortamına aktarma çabaları gözlenmektedir. Bilimsel çalışmaların öğretim ortamına
aktarımında araştırmacıların ve uygulayıcıların etik sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Beyin ve
öğrenme arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamaya yönelik yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen kanıtların
doğru yorumlanması ve aktarılması önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, alanyazında beyin ve öğrenme
arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayan, buna ilişkin kanıtlar sunan çalışmalar incelenmiş ve derlenmiştir.
Alanyazından elde edilen bilgilere dayalı olarak uygulamaya yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir. 

References

  • Anderson, O. R. (2011). Brain, mind, and the organization of knowledge for effective recall and application. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 45-61.
  • Ansari, D. Coch, D. & De Smedt, B. (2011). Connecting education and cognitive neuroscience: where will the journey take us? Educational Philosophy and Theory,43(1), 37-42.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Battro, A., & Fischer, K. (2012). Mind, brain, and education in the digital era. Mind, Brain, and Education, 6(1), 49-50. doi:10.1111/j.1751-228X.2011.01137.x
  • Borst, J. P., Taatgen, N., A., Stocco, A. & Van Rijn, H. (2010). The neural correlates 0f problem states: testing fmrı predictions of a computational model of multitasking. Plos One, 5 (9), 1-17.
  • Boss, S. (2011). Six tips for brain-based learning. Edutopia presents. [Çevrim-içi: http://www.edutopia.org/brain-based-learning-strategies-resource-guide, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Caine, R.N. & Caine, G. (1991). Making connections making and the human brain. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
  • Campbell, S. R. (2011). Educational neuroscience: motivations, methodology, and implications. Educational Philosophy&Theory, 43(1), 7-16. doi:10.1111/j.1469- 812.2010.00701.x
  • Connell, J. D. (2009). The global aspects of brain-based learning. Educational Horizons, 88(1), 28-39.
  • Delong, G. R. (1993). Effects of nutrition on brain development in humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 57, 286-290.
  • Dembo, M. H. (1994). Applying educational psychology. New York: Longman.
  • Ebrahim, H., Seleti, J. & Dawes A. (2013). Learning begins at birth: ımproving access to early learning. Berry, L., Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Lake, L. & Smith, C. (ed). South African Child Gauge 2013. Cape Town: Childrens’s Institute, University of Cape Town.
  • Emmerson, J. (2011). Your mind on music: muffins, magic, mozart, myth. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 63-70.
  • Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C. & Szabo, A.(2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. PNAS, 108 (7), 3017-3022.
  • Feinstein, S. (2011). The Teenage brain and technology. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 71-84.
  • Ferrari, M. & McBride, H. (2011). Mind, brain and education: the birth of a new science. Learning landscapes, 5 (1), 85-100.
  • Fidan, N. (1986). Okulda öğrenme ve öğretme. Ankara: Kadıoğlu Matbaası.
  • Fischbach, G. D. (1992). Mind and brain. Scientific American, 267 (3), 48-57.
  • Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: the theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
  • Geake, J. (2011). Position statement on motivations, methodologies, and practical implications of educational neuroscience research: FMRI studies of the neural correlates of creative intelligence. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 43-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00706.x
  • Giganti, F., Arzilli, C., Conte, F., Toselli, M., Viggiano, M. P. & Ficca, G. (2014). The effect of a daytime nap on priming and recognition tasks in preschool children. Sleep. 2014 Jun 1, 37(6):1087-93.
  • Guesry, P. (1998). The role of nutrition in brain development. Preventive medicine, 27, 189-194.
  • Hebb, D. O. (1972). A textbook of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders.
  • Herdman, E. A. (2006). Derleme makale yazımında, konferans ve bildiri sunumu hazırlamada pratik bilgiler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 3 (1), 2-4.
  • Immordino-Yang, M. H. & Damasio, A. (2011). We feel, therefore we learn: the relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 115-130.
  • Jensen, E. P. (2008). A fresh look at brain-based education. Phi Delta Kappan, 89, 408–417.
  • Joja, D. O. (2013). Learning experience and neuroplasticity-a shifting paradigm. Noema, XII, 159-170.
  • Katai, Z. & Toth, L. (2010). Technologically and artistically enhanced multi-sensory computer-programming education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 244-251. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2009.04.012
  • Kelly, A. E. (2011). Can cognitive neuroscience ground a science of learning? Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 17-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00702.x
  • Kirschbaum, C., Wolf, O. T., May, M., Wippich, W. & Hellhammer, D. H. (1996). Stress-and treatment-induced elevations of cortisol levels associated with ımpaired declarative memory in healthy adults. Life Sciences, 58 (17), 1475-1483.
  • Koizumi, H. (2011). Brain-science based cohort studies. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 48-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00707.x
  • Kommer, D., Cox, T, Farmer, K. J., Gregg, D. & McDowell, K. (2007). ABC's of brain-based learning. Inquiry Seminar SP07, 1-28. [Çevrim-içi: http://personal.ashland.edu/dkommer/ABCs%20of%20BBL.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Lee, K. & Fong N. G. S. (2011). Neuroscience and the teaching of mathematics. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 81-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00711.x
  • Leproult, R., Copinschi, G., Buxton, O. & Cauter, E. V. (1997). Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep, 20(10), 865-870.
  • Lin, C. S., Liu Y., Huang W. Y., Lu C. F. & Teng, S. (2013). Sculpting the intrinsic modular organization of spontaneous brain activity by art. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66761. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066761
  • Lipsett, A. B. (2011). Supporting emotional regulation in elementary school: brain-based strategies and classroom ınterventions to promote self-regulation. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 157-175.
  • Logan, G. D. & Burkell, J. (1986). Dependence and independence in responding to double stimulation: a comparison of stop, change, and dual-task paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 12 (4), 549-563.
  • Lupien, S. J., Leon, M., Santi, S., Convit, A. & Tarshish, C. (1998). Cortisol levels during human aging predict hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Nature Neuroscience, 1(1), 69-73.
  • Macklem, G. L. (2008). Practitioner’s guide to emotion regulation in school-aged children. New York: Springer.
  • Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Medina, J. (2009). Brain rules. Seattle: Pear Press.
  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Pyschological Review, 63 (2), 81-97.
  • Moreno, S. & Bidelman, G. M. (2014). Examining neural plasticity and cognitive benefit through the unique lens of musical training. Hearing Research, 84. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2013.09.012
  • Ortiz, T. (2010). Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and reticular activating system involvement in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Alliant International University, Los Angeles.
  • Peterson, L. R. & Peterson, M. J. (1959). Short term retention of individual verbal items. Journal Of Experimental Psychology, 58, 193-198.
  • Sattelmair, J. & Ratey, J. (2009). Physically active play and cognition an academic matter? American Journal of Play. Winter, 365-374.
  • Schwartz, M., Gerlach, J. (2011). The birth of a field and the rebirth of the laboratory school. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 67-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00709.x
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2013). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim. Ankara: Yargı Yayınevi.
  • Slavin, R., E. (2006). Educational pyschology theory and practice. Boston: Allyn&Bacon.
  • Sousa, D. A. (2011). Mind, brain and education: Theiımpact of educational neuroscience on the science of teaching. Learning Landscapes, 5 (1), 37-43.
  • Stein, Z.& Fisher, K. W. (2011). Directions for mind, brain, and education: methods, models, and morality. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 43 (1), 56-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00708.x
  • Tali, S., Delgado, M. R. & Phelps, E. A. (2004). How emotion enhances the feeling of remembering. Nature Neuroscience, 7 (12), 1376-1380.
  • Tavernijers, J., Ruysseveldt, J. V., Smeets, T. & Grumbkow, J. V. (2010). High-intensity stress elicits robust cortisol increases, and impairs working memory and visuo-spatial declarative memory in special forces candidates: a field experiment. Stress, 13(4), 323-333.
  • Tyler, R.W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Uauy, R. & Dangour, A. D. (2006). Nutrition in brain development and aging: role of essential fatty acids. Nutrition Reviews, 64 (2), 24-33.
  • Uncu, Y. ve Akman, M. (2004). Sağlığa biyopsikososyal yaklaşım, aile doktorları için kurs notları. Ankara: Ata Ofset Tanıtım ve Matbaacılık.
  • Van Nes, S., Van Doorn, P., KUITWAARD, K., MERKIES, I., ve FABER, C. (2011). “Rasch-Built Overall Disability Scale (R-ODS) for Immune-Mediated Peripheral Neuropathies.” Neurology, 76(4), 337-345. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318208824b
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Yılmaz, O. (2006). Derleme yazılar. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Süreli Yayıncılık 4.Ulusal Sempozyumu. [Çevrim-içi: http://uvt.ulakbim.gov.tr/tip/sempozyum4/page49-52.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 29.12.2014.]
  • Willis, J. (2008). How your child learns best: brain-friendly strategies you can use to ignite your child’s learning and ıncrease school success. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
  • Zull, J. E. (2011). From brain to mind using neuroscience to guide change in education. Sterling VA: Stylus Publishing.
There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

İlkay Aşkın Tekkol This is me

Tarık Başar This is me

Zeynep Şen This is me

Sevgi Turan

Publication Date May 15, 2017
Acceptance Date June 8, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Aşkın Tekkol, İ., Başar, T., Şen, Z., Turan, S. (2017). Focusing Human on Learning: A Study Based on Brain Researches. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 25(3), 1187-1202.

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