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The Effect of Sport on Life Skills of Athlete-Students in Different Education Levels: Mixed Research Approach

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1233 - 1243, 20.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3766

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the contribution of sports to the life skills of athletes-students. In the 2018-2019 academic year, a total of 219 athletes-students, 141 of whom are men and 78 of them are women who regularly study at different educational levels, aged between 11 and 24, participated in the study. The research was designed with a converging parallel pattern, one of the mixed research approaches. While the quantitative data of the study was obtained through the “Personal Information Form” and “The Effect of Sports on Life Skills” scale; qualitative data were obtained through the "open-ended question form". Parametric tests (independent groups t test, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analysis) were used in the analysis of quantitative data. In qualitative data analysis, content analysis technique was used. According to the data obtained, it was found that gender is an important variable in the effect of sports on life skills and the contribution of sports to women's life skills is higher than that of men. In addition, it was determined that the sports branch showed a significant difference. It was determined that the effect of athletes-students who are interested in athletics on the life skills of sports is higher than those who are interested in tennis. There is no relationship between sports age and the effect of sports on life skills. In the qualitative part of the research, it was stated in the statements of the participants that sports contributed significantly to individuals in terms of health, psychological / spiritual, personality, physical and cognitive development. Therefore, considering that sports have important contributions to people from all walks of life; Special applications should be given to the applications that will enable sports to take place in individuals' lives.

References

  • Açak, M., & Düz, S. (2018). Sporun Yaşam Becerilerine Etkisi Ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(9),74-86. doi: 10.29129/inujgse.360711
  • Brunelle, J., Danish, S.J., & Forneris, T. (2007). The impact of a sport-based life skill program on adolescent prosocial values. Applied Developmental Science, 11(1), 43-55.
  • Burton, D., Naylor, S., & Holliday, B. (2001). Goal setting in sport: Investigating the goal effectiveness paradox. R. Singer, H. Hausenblas, & C. Janelle (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of sport psychology, pp.497-528.
  • Botvin, G.J., & Griffin, K.W. (2004). Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(2), 211-232. doi: 10.1023/B:JOPP.0000042391.58573.5b.
  • Camiré, M., & Trudel, P. (2013). Using high school football to promote life skills and student engagement: Perspectives from Canadian coaches and students. World Journal of Education, 3(3), 40–51. doi:10.5430/wje.v3n3p40.
  • Carreres-Ponsoda, F., Carbonell, A.E., Cortell-Tormo, J.M., Fuster-Lloret, V., & Andreu-Cabrera, E. (2012). The relationship between out-of-school sport participation and positive youth development. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 7(3), 671–683. doi:10.4100/jhse.2012.73.07.
  • Catalano, R. F., Berglund, M. L., Ryan, J. A. M., Lonczak, H. S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). Positive youth development in the United States: research findings on evaluation of positive youth development programs. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 98-124.
  • Cope, E., Bailey, R., Parnell, D., Nicholls, A. (2017) Football, sport and the development of young people’s life skills. Sport in Society, 20(7), 789-801, doi: 10.1080/17430437.2016.1207771
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (Third Edit.). California: Sage Pub.
  • Creswell, J.W., & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage Pub.
  • Cronin, L.D., & Allen, J. (2017). Development and initial validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 105-119
  • Danish, S. J., Taylor, T., Hodge, K., & Heke, I. (2004). Enhancing youth development through sport. World Leisure Journal, 46, 38-49.
  • Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2006). Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Developmental Psychology, 42(4),698-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698.
  • Giannakaki, M. S. (2005). Using mixed-methods to examine teachers’ attitudes to educational change: the case of the skills for life strategy for improving adult literacy and numeracy skills in England. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(4), 323-348.
  • Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008a). Personal development through sport. In O.Bar-Or & H. Hebestreit (Eds.) The encyclopedia of sports medicine the child and adolescent athlete, Oxford: Blackwell Science.
  • Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008b). Life skills development through sport: current status and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1),58-78.
  • Gore, S., Farrell, F., & Gordon, J. (2001). Sports involvement as protection against depressed mood. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 119-130.
  • Guest, A. M., & McRee, N. (2009). A school-level analysis of adolescent extracurricular activity, delinquency, and depression: The importance of situational context. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 51-62.
  • Hansen, D. M., & Larson, R. W. (2007). Amplifiers of developmental and negative experiences in organized activities: Dosage, motivation, lead roles, and adult youth ratios. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28,360-374. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.006.
  • Hayden, L.A., Whitley, M.A., Cook, A.L., Dumais, A., Silva, M., & Scherer, A. (2015). An exploration of life skill development through sport in three international high schools. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(5), 759-775, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2015.1011217
  • Hellison, D. (2011). Teaching personal and social responsibility through physical activity. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Hodge, K., & Danish, S. (1999). Promoting life skills for adolescent males through sport. In A. M. Horne, & M. S. Kiselica (Eds.), Handbook of counseling boys and adolescent males: A practitioner's guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452220390.n4.
  • Larson, R.W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.170.
  • Jones, M.I., & Lavallee, D. (2009) Exploring perceived life skills development and participation in sport. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 1(1), 36-50, doi: 10.1080/19398440802567931.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language. Lincolnwood: Scientific Software International, Inc
  • Kendellen, K., & Camiré, M. (2017) Examining the life skill development and transfer experiences of former high school athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(4), 395-408, doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1114502
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. M. Williams & W. P. Vogt (Eds.), Handbook of methodological innovation in social research methods (pp. 562-589). London: Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  • Orlick, T. (2006). Cooperative games and sports, joyful activities for everyone. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Özkara, A.B. (2018) Physical education in Eu schools and Turkey: A comparative study. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 8(2), 101-106.
  • Özkara, A.B. & Kalkavan, A. (2015) Social entrepreneurial characteristics of pre-service physical education teachers. The International Journal of Sports Research, 6(1), 59-74.
  • Pratt, S. R., & Eitzen, D. S. (1989). Differences in coaching philosophies between male coaches of male and female basketball teams. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 24(2), 151-159.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Using multivariate statistics. Boston:Allyn and Bacon
  • Yılmaz, A. (2018a) Parent expectations towards participation to extracurricular sport activity of high school students. Pedagogics Psychology Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 22(4), 216-225.
  • Yılmaz A. (2018b). Ebeveynlerin beden eğitimi dersi ve ders dışı sportif etkinliklere yönelik tutumları. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12, 48-64.

Sporun Farklı Eğitim Kademelerindeki Sporcu-Öğrencilerin Yaşam Becerilerine Etkisi: Karma Araştırma Yaklaşımı

Year 2020, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1233 - 1243, 20.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3766

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı sporun sporcu-öğrencilerin yaşam becerilerine olan katkılarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 2018-2019 Eğitim-öğretim yılında farklı eğitim kademelerinde öğrenim gören yaşları 11 ile 24 arasında değişen düzenli olarak spor yapan 141’i erkek ve 78’i kadın olmak üzere toplam 219 sporcu-öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırma karma araştırma yaklaşımlarından birisi olan yakınsayan paralel deseni ile tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın nicel verileri “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile “Sporun Yaşam Becerilerine Etkisi” ölçeği aracılığıyla elde edilirken; nitel veriler “Açık Uçlu Soru Formu” ile elde edilmiştir. Nicel verilerin analizinde parametrik testlerden (bağımsız gruplar t-testi, One-Way ANOVA, Pearson Korelasyon Analizi) faydalanılmıştır. Nitel veri analizinde ise içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre sporun yaşam becerilerine etkisinde cinsiyetin önemli bir değişken olduğu ve sporun kadınların yaşam becerilerine olan katkısının erkeklere oranla daha yüksek olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca spor branşının da anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Atletizm ile ilgilenen sporcu-öğrencilerin sporun yaşam becerilerine olan etkisinin tenis ile ilgilenenlerden daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Spor yaşı ile sporun yaşam becerilerine etkisi arasında herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Araştırmanın nitel bölümünde ise sporun bireylere sağlık, psikolojik/ruhsal, kişilik, fiziki ve bilişsel gelişim açıdan önemli katkılar sağladığı katılımcıların ifadelerinde yer almıştır. Bu nedenle, sporun toplumun her kesiminden insanlara sunacağı önemli katkılar olduğu dikkate alındığında; sporun bireylerin yaşamlarında yer edinmesine fırsat sağlayacak uygulamalara özellikle yer verilmelidir.

References

  • Açak, M., & Düz, S. (2018). Sporun Yaşam Becerilerine Etkisi Ölçeğinin Türk kültürüne uyarlanması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(9),74-86. doi: 10.29129/inujgse.360711
  • Brunelle, J., Danish, S.J., & Forneris, T. (2007). The impact of a sport-based life skill program on adolescent prosocial values. Applied Developmental Science, 11(1), 43-55.
  • Burton, D., Naylor, S., & Holliday, B. (2001). Goal setting in sport: Investigating the goal effectiveness paradox. R. Singer, H. Hausenblas, & C. Janelle (Eds.) içinde, Handbook of sport psychology, pp.497-528.
  • Botvin, G.J., & Griffin, K.W. (2004). Life skills training: Empirical findings and future directions. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(2), 211-232. doi: 10.1023/B:JOPP.0000042391.58573.5b.
  • Camiré, M., & Trudel, P. (2013). Using high school football to promote life skills and student engagement: Perspectives from Canadian coaches and students. World Journal of Education, 3(3), 40–51. doi:10.5430/wje.v3n3p40.
  • Carreres-Ponsoda, F., Carbonell, A.E., Cortell-Tormo, J.M., Fuster-Lloret, V., & Andreu-Cabrera, E. (2012). The relationship between out-of-school sport participation and positive youth development. Journal of Human Sport & Exercise, 7(3), 671–683. doi:10.4100/jhse.2012.73.07.
  • Catalano, R. F., Berglund, M. L., Ryan, J. A. M., Lonczak, H. S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2004). Positive youth development in the United States: research findings on evaluation of positive youth development programs. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 98-124.
  • Cope, E., Bailey, R., Parnell, D., Nicholls, A. (2017) Football, sport and the development of young people’s life skills. Sport in Society, 20(7), 789-801, doi: 10.1080/17430437.2016.1207771
  • Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. (Third Edit.). California: Sage Pub.
  • Creswell, J.W., & Plano Clark, V.L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Sage Pub.
  • Cronin, L.D., & Allen, J. (2017). Development and initial validation of the Life Skills Scale for Sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 28, 105-119
  • Danish, S. J., Taylor, T., Hodge, K., & Heke, I. (2004). Enhancing youth development through sport. World Leisure Journal, 46, 38-49.
  • Fredricks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2006). Is extracurricular participation associated with beneficial outcomes? Concurrent and longitudinal relations. Developmental Psychology, 42(4),698-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.698.
  • Giannakaki, M. S. (2005). Using mixed-methods to examine teachers’ attitudes to educational change: the case of the skills for life strategy for improving adult literacy and numeracy skills in England. Educational Research and Evaluation, 11(4), 323-348.
  • Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008a). Personal development through sport. In O.Bar-Or & H. Hebestreit (Eds.) The encyclopedia of sports medicine the child and adolescent athlete, Oxford: Blackwell Science.
  • Gould, D., & Carson, S. (2008b). Life skills development through sport: current status and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1),58-78.
  • Gore, S., Farrell, F., & Gordon, J. (2001). Sports involvement as protection against depressed mood. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 11, 119-130.
  • Guest, A. M., & McRee, N. (2009). A school-level analysis of adolescent extracurricular activity, delinquency, and depression: The importance of situational context. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(1), 51-62.
  • Hansen, D. M., & Larson, R. W. (2007). Amplifiers of developmental and negative experiences in organized activities: Dosage, motivation, lead roles, and adult youth ratios. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 28,360-374. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2007.04.006.
  • Hayden, L.A., Whitley, M.A., Cook, A.L., Dumais, A., Silva, M., & Scherer, A. (2015). An exploration of life skill development through sport in three international high schools. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 7(5), 759-775, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2015.1011217
  • Hellison, D. (2011). Teaching personal and social responsibility through physical activity. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Hodge, K., & Danish, S. (1999). Promoting life skills for adolescent males through sport. In A. M. Horne, & M. S. Kiselica (Eds.), Handbook of counseling boys and adolescent males: A practitioner's guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452220390.n4.
  • Larson, R.W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.170.
  • Jones, M.I., & Lavallee, D. (2009) Exploring perceived life skills development and participation in sport. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 1(1), 36-50, doi: 10.1080/19398440802567931.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the simplis command language. Lincolnwood: Scientific Software International, Inc
  • Kendellen, K., & Camiré, M. (2017) Examining the life skill development and transfer experiences of former high school athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(4), 395-408, doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2015.1114502
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling. M. Williams & W. P. Vogt (Eds.), Handbook of methodological innovation in social research methods (pp. 562-589). London: Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
  • Orlick, T. (2006). Cooperative games and sports, joyful activities for everyone. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Özkara, A.B. (2018) Physical education in Eu schools and Turkey: A comparative study. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 8(2), 101-106.
  • Özkara, A.B. & Kalkavan, A. (2015) Social entrepreneurial characteristics of pre-service physical education teachers. The International Journal of Sports Research, 6(1), 59-74.
  • Pratt, S. R., & Eitzen, D. S. (1989). Differences in coaching philosophies between male coaches of male and female basketball teams. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 24(2), 151-159.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Multivariate analysis of variance and covariance. Using multivariate statistics. Boston:Allyn and Bacon
  • Yılmaz, A. (2018a) Parent expectations towards participation to extracurricular sport activity of high school students. Pedagogics Psychology Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 22(4), 216-225.
  • Yılmaz A. (2018b). Ebeveynlerin beden eğitimi dersi ve ders dışı sportif etkinliklere yönelik tutumları. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 12, 48-64.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aynur Yılmaz

Publication Date May 20, 2020
Acceptance Date February 10, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A. (2020). The Effect of Sport on Life Skills of Athlete-Students in Different Education Levels: Mixed Research Approach. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(3), 1233-1243. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3766

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