Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Sanat Etkinliği Uygulamalarının İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 30 Issue: 3, 562 - 575, 31.07.2022

Cansu Yıldız Tülin Guler Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.920590

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Çalışmanın amacı: Araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sanat etkinlikleri kapsamında gerçekleştirdikleri uygulamaların incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Çalışma nitel bir araştırma olup, fenomenolojik desende yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubu 15 okul öncesi öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada okul öncesi öğretmenleri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada öğretmenlerin üçte birinin sanat etkinliklerinde kendisini yeterli, üçte ikisinin ise kısmen yeterli gördüğü bulunmuştur. Öğretmenlerin tamamı yarı yapılandırılmış sanat etkinlikleri yaptırdıklarını ifade ederken, birkaç öğretmen yapılandırılmamış etkinlikler de gerçekleştirdiğini belirtmiştir. Öğretmenlerin sanat etkinlikleri uygulamaları kapsamında teknik odaklı (boyama, kesme yapıştırma, sanatçı ve sanat eserinden yola çıkılan vb.), beceri odaklı (yaratıcılık, küçük kas becerileri ve duyu gelişimi) etkinlikler yaptıkları ve ortam düzenlemeleri (sanat merkezi, okul bahçesi ve duyu masası kullanımı) gerçekleştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin sanat etkinliklerinde sırasıyla en çok sanatsal materyaller, doğal materyaller, artık materyaller ve manipülatif materyaller kullandıkları bulunmuştur.
Öneriler: Okul öncesi öğretmenliği lisans programlarında sanat eğitimi derslerinin erken çocukluk dönemine yönelik nitelikli ve işlevsel bir şekilde yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Okul öncesi öğretmenleri ve erken çocukluk sanat eğitimi konusunda çalışan uzmanlar, çevrimiçi veya yüz yüze eğitim ile bir araya getirilmeli ve öğretmenlerin konuyla ilgili mevcut bilgileri teorik ve uygulamalı olarak güçlendirilmelidir. Öğretmenler, erken çocukluk döneminde sanat eğitimi konusunda hizmet içi eğitimlerle desteklenmelidir. Öğretmenler, sanat etkinliklerini diğer etkinliklerle bütünleştirmeli ve sanatsal deneyimler ve açık havada öğrenme fırsatlarını bir araya getirmelidir.

Keywords

Okul öncesi dönem, Sanat etkinlikleri, Erken çocukluk, Sanat eğitimi, Okul öncesi öğretmenleri

Investigation of Preschool Teachers’ Art Activity Practices

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study is the investigation of preschool teachers’ art activity practices.
Methodology: The study is a qualitative research and has been conducted with phenomenological design. The study group consists of 15 preschool teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with preschool teachers in the study.
Findings: It was found that one third of the teachers accepted themselves competent in art activities, and two thirds accepted themselves partially competent. While all of the teachers stated that they had semi-structured art activities done, a few teachers stated that they also realized unstructured activities. Within the context of art activities, teachers were identified to do technique-oriented activities (coloring, cutting and sticking, based on artists and art works and etc.), skills-oriented activities (creativity, fine motor skills and sense development), and realize environmental arrangements (art center, school garden and sensory table use). Additionally, teachers were reported to use art materials, natural materials, waste materials and manipulative materials the most, respectively.
Suggestions: In preschool teacher education undergraduate programs, arts education courses should be conducted in a qualified and functional intended for early childhood period. Preschool teachers and experts working on early childhood arts education should be brought together with online or face-to-face training, and teachers' existing knowledge on the subject should be strengthened in theory and practice. Teachers should be supported with in-service trainings about art education in early childhood. Teachers should integrate art activities with other types of activities and combine artistic experiences and outdoor learning opportunities.

Keywords

Preschool period, Art activities, Early childhood, Art education, Preschool teachers

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