Alan Kullanım Türlerinin Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı Verileri ile Zamansal Değişiminin Belirlenmesi (Erzurum Kenti Örneği)

Abstract

Kentleşmenin artmasıyla beraber, alan kullanım biçimleri değişmekte, bu değişim yerel ve bölgesel iklimin de değişimine neden olmaktadır. Oluşan kentsel ısı adaları kentlerde yaşayan insanların yaşam kalitesini etkilemektedir. Alan kullanımında meydana gelen dönüşüm ve buna bağlı olarak gerçekleşen sıcaklık değişimini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma, Erzurum kent merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 1991 ve 2020 yıllarına ait uydu görüntüleri incelenmiştir. 1991 yılında kentsel alan yaklaşık 15.5 km2 iken, 2020 yılında 40.8 km2’ye ulaşmıştır. Kentin 1991 yılı ortalama YYS değeri 26,7 °C, 2020 yılı ortalama YYS değeri 30,4 °C olarak bulunmuştur. 1991 yılına ait sıcaklık verileri üzerinden değerlendirme yapıldığında kent merkezinin % 49‘u ortalamanın üzerinde, 2020 yılında ise % 55’i ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu bulunmuştur. 2020 kentleşmiş alanda 25003 yapının % 71’i mesken amaçlı kullanılmaktadır. Buna göre nüfusun % 58,8’i kentin YYS fark ortalamasının üzerinde yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir. Alansal açıdan bakıldığında ise 2020 kentsel alanının % 52.58’i ortalamanın üstünde, % 47.41’i ortalamanın altında kalmaktadır. Alan kullanım biçiminin türü ve alan kullanım biçimindeki değişiklik kentsel ısı adasına etki etmektedir. 2019 yılı Urban Atlas verilerine göre alan kullanım biçimlerine bağlı olarak değişen sıcaklık durumlarına bakıldığında ise, işlenmemiş tarım alanları, bitki örtüsünün az ya da olmadığı alanlar, mevcut kullanımı olmayan alanlar, mera alanları, sanayi ve sürekli kentsel alanların YYS ortalamasının fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. Ormanlar, kent içindeki aktif ve pasif yeşil alanlar, maki veya otsu bitkiler ve sürekli ürün işlenen tarım alanları ise düşük sıcaklığa sahiptir.

Keywords

• Alan Kullanım Türü
• Yer Yüzey Sıcaklığı (YYS)
• Kentsel Isı Adası
• Erzurum

Determining The Change of Land Use Types by Years with Land Surface Temperature Data (Erzurum City Case Study)

Abstract

Urbanization changes the use of land, and this change also causes changes in the local and regional climate. Urban heat islands affect the quality of life of people living in cities. This study, which was carried out in order to determine the transformation in the land use and the resulting temperature change, was carried out in the city center of Erzurum. Satellite images of 1991 and 2020 were examined. While the urban area was approximately 15.5 km2 in 1991, it reached 40.8 km2 in 2020. The average land surface temperature of the city in 1991 was 26.7 °C, and the average land surface temperature in 2020 was 30.4 °C. the temperature data of 1991, it was found that 49% of the city center was above the average, and in 2020, 55% was above the average. 71% of 25003 buildings in the 2020 urbanized area are used for residential purposes. According to this, it is estimated that 58.8% of the population lives above the land surface temperature difference average of the city. From a spatial perspective, 52.58% of the 2020 urban area is above the average and 47.41% is below the average. The type of land use and the change affect the urban heat island. According to the Urban Atlas data of 2019, when the temperature conditions changing depending on the land use patterns are examined, unprocessed agriculture, areas with little or no vegetation, areas with no current use, pasture areas, it has been found that the average temperature of industrial and urban areas is higher. Forests, active and passive green areas in the city, scrubs or herbaceous plants and agricultural areas where crops are constantly processed have low temperatures.

Keywords

• Type of Land Use
• Land Surface Temperature (LST)
• Urban Heat Island
• Erzurum

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