Kültür Rotaları ve Rota Geliştirme Süreci: Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı Kültür Rotalarının Geliştirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, kültür rotaları ve rota geliştirme süreci hakkında bilgi vermekte ve Muğla Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı özelinde kültür rotalarının geliştirilme sürecini irdelemektedir. Çalışma, kültür rotalarının geliştirilme sürecinin kapsamlı olarak açıklanmasını ve Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı kültür rotalarının tasarlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Rota kurgularının tasarlanmasında kullanılan veriler, Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı’na yapılan sistemli saha gezilerinden elde edilmiştir. 2021 yılının Eylül-Kasım ayları arasında gerçekleşen saha gezilerinin dördü, rota geliştirme süreci öncesinde; ikisi ise rota kurgularının tasarlanmasının ardından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Rota kurgularının tasarlanmasında “Kültürel Rota Planlama Modeli” benimsenmiştir. Bu kapsamda dört aşamalı bir model izlenmiştir: (i) Altyapı: Süreç Hazırlığı, (ii) Bakış: Araştırma ve Değerlendirme, (iii) Planlama: Bölgesel Rota Kurgusu, (iv) Yönetim: Gerçekleştirme ve Tanıtım Süreci. Rota geliştirme sürecinde durum analizi, sınıflandırma ve haritalandırma çalışmalarından faydalanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın ikinci kısmında Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı kültür rotaları ile ilgili bulgulara ve önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Kültür Rotaları
• Kültür Turizmi
• Rota Geliştirme
• Rota Temelli Turizm
• Menteşe

Cultural Routes and Route-Developing Process: A Study on Cultural Route-Developing of Mentese Urban Protected Area

Abstract

This study enlightens the cultural routes and the route-developing process; and scrutinizes the cultural route-developing process in the Menteşe Urban Protected Area, Muğla, Turkey. The study aims to explain the cultural route-development process and to design the cultural routes of the Menteşe Urban Protected Area. The data used in the design of the routes were obtained from systematic field trips made to the urban protected area. Four of the field trips that took place between September and November 2021 were prior to the route-developing process; two of them were carried out after the route sketches were designed. The “Cultural Route Planning Model” was adopted in the route development. A four-stage model was followed: (i) Infrastructure: Process Preparation, (ii) Overview: Research and Evaluation, (iii) Planning: Regional Route-Creating, (iv) Management: Realization and Promotion Process. The route-development process used situation analysis, classification, and mapping. Therefore, in the second part of the study, results, and suggestions about the cultural routes of the Menteşe Urban Protected Area are presented.

Keywords

• Cultural routes
• Cultural Tourism
• Route Development
• Route-Based Tourism
• Menteşe

References

1. Aşan, K., & Yolal, M. (2020). Sustaining Cultural Routes: The Case of the Phrygian Way. In Heritage Tourism Beyond Borders and Civilizations (pp. 243-254). Springer, Singapore. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-5370-7_17
2. Avrupa Konseyi (2011). The Study on European Cultural Routes Impact of European Cultural Routes on SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/tourism/cultural-routes/index_en.html, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2021.
3. Avrupa Konseyi (2022). Explore all Cultural Routes by theme. https://www.coe.int/en/web/culturalroutes/by-theme, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ocak 2022.
4. Berti, E. (2015). How to create a cultural route: project phases and criteria. In Council of Europe, Cultural routes management: From theory to practice (pp. 35-41). Council of Europe (Ed.), Council of Europe Publishing, Janvier.
5. Briedenhann, J., & Wickens, E. (2004) Tourism routes as a tool for the economic development of rural areas - vibrant hope or impossible dream? Tourism Management, 25 (1), 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00063-3
6. Cojocariu, S. (2015). The development of cultural routes: a valuable asset for Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 959-967. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01554-3
7. ÇEKÜL Vakfı-Tarihi Kentler Birliği. (2015). Kültür Rotaları Planlama Rehberi. ÇEKÜL Vakfı-Tarihi Kentler Birliği Yayınları Kılavuz Kitapçıklar Dizisi 3. http://www.tarihikentlerbirligi.org/wp-content/uploads/rota-rehberi_press.pdf
8. Danube Kültür Rotası Projesi. (2013). Roman Emperors’ Route and The Danube Wine Route. Managing Visitors on Thematic Cultural Routes Handbook. Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe Evaluation Cycle 2018-2019. https://rm.coe.int/roman-emperors-and-danube-wine-route/168094d20c

9. Dayoub, B., Yang, P., Dayoub, A., Omran, S., & Li, H. (2020). The role of cultural routes in sustainable tourism development: A case study of Syria’s spiritual route. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 15(6), 865-874. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150610
10. del Pilar Hurtado-Yugcha, J., Quisimalin-Santamaría, H. M., Mancheno-Saá, M. J., Gamboa-Salinas, J. M., & Castro-Analuiza, J. C. (2022). Tourist routes, a link between economic and cultural development in the modern marketplace. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6 (5), 1562-1572. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/download/6096/4017
11. Durusoy, E. (2014). From an Ancient Road to a Cultural Route: Conservation and Management of the Road between Milas and Labraunda. New edition [online]. Istanbul: Institut français d’études anatoliennes, (generated 04 février 2023). https://doi.org/10.4000/books.ifeagd.211.
12. Genç, R. (2022). Cultural Routes as a Tool for Sustainable Tourism and Socio-Economic Development. In C. Ribeiro de Almeida, J. Martins, A. Gonçalves, S. Quinteiro, & M. Gasparini (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Cultural Tourism and Sustainability (pp. 17-31). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9217-5.ch002
13. Gaweł, Ł. (2012). Zarządzanie strategiczne szlakiem dziedzictwa kulturowego w świetle koncepcji stakeholders. Turystyka Kulturowa, 10, 31–40.
14. Góral, A. (2016). Cultural routes as a medium for changes in regions. In R. Amoêda, S. Lira, & C. Pinheiro (Eds.), Heritage 2016 : proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development (Vol. 1, pp. 273–281). GreenLines Institute.
15. ICOMOS. (2008). ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Routes. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/Charters/culturalroutes_e.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2021.
16. Interreg-central.eu (2016). Community Engagement in Cultural Routes. https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/http-//www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/ECRR.html/CE81-ECRR-D.T1.1.1-Work-paper-Promotion-Transnational-Cultur Erişim Tarihi: 10 Ekim 2021.
17. Interreg-central.eu (2022). https://www.interreg-central.eu/Content.Node/ECRR/CE81-ECRR-DT121-Concept-of Reformation-themed-cultural-Route.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 15 Ekim 2021.
18. Kamińska, K. (2013). Szlak kulturowy–nowa strategia uobecniania przeszłości= Cultural route–the new strategy of representing the past. Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego, 27, 319–329.
19. Khovanova-Rubicondo, K. M. (2012). Cultural routes as a source for new kind of tourism development: Evidence from the council of Europe's Programme. International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era, 1(1), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.0
20. Kültür Envanteri (2022). Menteşe Kentsel Sit Alanı Kültür Envanteri. https://kulturenvanteri.com/tr/arastir/h/?_ara=mente%C5%9Fe+kentsel+sit&_per_page=1000 Erişim Tarihi: 10 Aralık 2021.
21. Kültür Rotaları Derneği (2022). Tim rotalar. https://cultureroutesinturkey.com/tr/tum-rotalar/
22. Majdoub, W. (2010). Analyzing cultural routes from a multidimensional perspective. Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 1(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/2029
23. Mariotti, A. (2012). Local System, Networks and International Competitiveness: from Cultural Heritage to Cultural Routes. Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 3(5), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/3208
24. McCormack, P. A. (2017). Walking the land: Aboriginal trails, cultural landscapes, and archaeological studies for impact assessment. Archaeologies, 13(1), 110-135.
25. Meyer, D. (2004). Tourism routes and gateways: key issues for the development of tourism routes and gateways and their potential for pro-poor tourism. ODI discussion paper. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=1d5f14ef5e59ece4d71e275134573842a5af9b71
26. Murray, M., & Graham, B. (1997). Exploring the dialectics of route-based tourism: the Camino de Santiago. Tourism management, 18(8), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(97)00075-7
27. Shishmanova, M. V. (2015). Cultural tourism in cultural corridors, itineraries, areas and cores networked. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 246-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.382
28. Strauss, C. H., & Lord, B. E. (2001). Economic impacts of a heritage tourism system. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8(4), 199–204.
29. Terzić, A., & Bjeljac, Ž. (2016). Cultural Routes – Cross-border Tourist Destinations within Southeastern Europe. Forum geografic, XV(2), 180-188. doi:10.5775/fg.2067-4635.2015.041.d
30. Timothy, D. J. (2018). Cultural routes: Tourist destinations and tools for development. In D. H. Olsen, & A. Trono (eds.), Religious Pilgrimage Routes and Trails: Sustainable Development and Management (pp. 27-37). Wallingford: CABI.
31. Weaver, D. B. (1995). Alternative tourism in Montserrat. Tourism Management, 16(8), 593–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00082-8
32. Xian. (2005). A consideration on the definition of the setting and management protection measures for cultural routes. ICOMOS, Scientific Symposium. http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers.htm