Türkiye’deki Organize Sanayi Bölgelerinde Termal Güneş Enerjisi Uygulamalarına Yönelik Olanaklar ve Engeller: Kayseri Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Örneği

Year 2023, , 225 - 2274, 16.12.2023

Sevgi Deniz Akdemir Yelda Erden Topal

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1234091

Abstract

Türkiye'nin endüstriyel parkları (IP), ülke ihracatının üçte birinden fazlasını temsil etmekte ve toplam endüstriyel işgücünün neredeyse üçte birini (2,1 milyon kişi) istihdam etmektedir. Makro politika uygulamalarının etkili bir yolu olan IP politikası, verimliliği artırarak ve maliyetleri düşürerek kapsayıcı ve sürdürülebilir sanayileşme için temel bir araç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye'nin iklim değişikliğine ve doğal afetlere karşı savunmasızlığı göz önüne alındığında, istikrarlı ve güvenilir enerji arzı için yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının gerekliliği ulusal iklim değişikliği gündeminde yer almaktadır. Üst-orta gelir grubunda bir ülke olarak Türkiye, ağırlıklı olarak yenilenebilir enerjiye (YE) geçişte iyi bir başlangıç yapmıştır. Ülke, toplam güneş enerjisi kapasitesi ile dünyadaki ilk 5 ülkeden biri olmasına rağmen, endüstriyel süreçler için güneş ısısı (SHIP) 'enerji üretimi için tam olarak keşfedilmemiş alanlar’dan biridir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışma, SHIP teknolojilerinin benimsenmesinin önündeki engelleri ve destekleri incelemektedir. Amacımız, üreten-tüketici deneyimlerinden öğrenilen dersleri SHIP teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi ve uygulanmasında kullanmaktır. Bu amaçla saha araştırması iki aşamalı bir yöntemle gerçekleştirilmiş ve ‘Üreten-tüketici (prosumer) ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler’ ve ‘IP Üyeleri ile güneş enerjisi kullanımı anketi’ yöntemleri kullanılarak iki farklı veri seti toplanmıştır. Fotovoltaik uygulamalarına yatırım ve kurulum için karar verme ve bakım ve sürdürülebilirlik süreçlerindeki mevcut engeller ve itici güçler belirlenmiştir. Ardından, SHIP Teknolojilerinin konuşlandırılmasında neden bir gelişme olmadığını belirlemek için görüşmelerin analizinden çıkarılan dersler üzerine inşa edilen bir anket yapılmıştır. Son olarak, temel engeller, 'yasal, düzenleyici, usule ilişkin, ekonomik, mali, sosyo-kültürel ve teknik' başlıklar altında listelenmiş ve sınıflandırılmıştır. Veri analizi sonuçları, 'yetersiz devlet desteği, mali destek eksikliği, modern teknolojilerle ilgili yetersiz kapasite ve uzmanlık ve verimsiz altyapı'nın Türkiye'de IP bağlamında SHIP teknolojilerinin yaygınlaşmasının önündeki önemli engeller olarak tanımlandığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Yenilenebilir Enerji, Güneş, Fırsatlar, Engeller, Türkiye, Endüstri Parkları

Opportunities and Barriers to the Application of Solar Heat For Industrial Processes Technologies to Turkish Industrial Parks: The Case of Kayseri Industrial Park

Abstract

Turkiye's industrial parks (IP) represent more than one-third of the country's exports and employ 2.1 million people, almost one-third of the country's total industrial employment. As an effective means of implementing macro policies, IPs are essential for inclusive and sustainable industrialisation by improving efficiency and lowering costs. Given Turkiye's vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters, investments in renewable energy (RE) are poised on the national climate change agenda for a steady and reliable energy supply. As an upper-middle-income country, Turkiye has a good start transitioning to RE mainly. Although one of the top 5 countries with total solar capacity, solar heat for industrial processes (SHIP) is one of the not-fully discovered areas for energy generation. With this background, this study examines drivers and barriers to adopting SHIP technologies. The method uses the lessons from prosumer experience in developing and applying SHIP technologies. For this purpose, the field research was conducted in two phases, and the two different data sets were collected by the methods of 'Semi-structured in-depth interviews with prosumers' and 'Survey on solar energy usage with members of IP'. The current barriers and drivers in decision-making for investment and installation of photovoltaics implications and their maintenance were identified. Then, a survey built on the lessons learned from the analysis of the interviews was made to determine why there is no improvement in the deployment of SHIP implications. Finally, essential barriers and sub-barriers are listed under the headings of ‘legal, regulatory, procedural, economic, financial, Social, and technical'. The results of the data analysis show that 'insufficient government support, lack of financial support, inadequate capacity and expertise with modern technologies, and inefficient infrastructure' are identified as significant barriers to the diffusion of SHIP technologies in the IP context in Turkiye.

Keywords

Renewable Energy, Solar, Opportunities, Obstacles, Turkiye, Industrial Parks

Thanks

The authors thanksProf. Dr. Derek Baker for his supervision to one of the author’s ( Sevgi Deniz Akdemir) Master of Science Thesis, and his valuable support during the thesis writing process.

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