Climate as an Input for Design: A Review Based on Norman Foster's Residential Buildings

Abstract

Climate change and associated global warming and energy crisis have become a prominent issue of architecture and considered one of the primary concerns of architects as regards climate-compatible design, especially in terms of residential buildings, the largest constituent of the building stock. Accordingly, the present study sought an answer to how the 21st century residential buildings took form vis-a-vis climatic data and focused on the residential buildings by Norman Foster, a leading architect in the context of sustainability. Therefore, Foster's projects in different countries were analyzed as regards the relationship between climate and design. The results of the study were indicative of the fact that Foster generally gravitated towards clustered forms in his residential designs, and shaped those forms by creating a series of indentations and protrusions on both vertical and lateral surfaces with an aim to control, and even benefit from, the sun and wind, to blur the boundaries between interior and exterior and at the same time attached special importance to balconies to create environments where users could come into contact with natural air, used shading elements in an artistic style in most of his designs, preferred brown, gray, and beige tones, and used a material palette, which could address climatic factors.

Keywords

• Sustainability
• Climate
• Residence
• Architectural Design
• Norman Foster

Bir Tasarım Girdisi Olarak İklim: Norman Foster’ın Rezidans Yapıları Üzerinden Bir Okuma

Abstract

İklim değişikliği ve beraberinde getirdiği küresel ısınma ve enerji krizi, mimarlık disiplininin önde gelen hususlarından biri olmuş ve iklimle uyumlu tasarım konusu mimarların öncelikli uğraşı hale gelmiştir. Özellikle yapı stoğu içerisinde en büyük paya sahip olan konut yapıları bu sebeple önem arz etmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada 21. yüzyıl konut yapılarının iklimsel veriler çerçevesinde nasıl biçim aldığı sorusuna yanıt aranmış ve sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında öncü mimarlardan biri olan Norman Foster'ın konut yapılarına odaklanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Foster'ın farklı ülkelerde yer alan konut projeleri iklim ve tasarım ilişkisi bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları mimarın konut tasarımlarında genellikle kümelenmiş formlara yöneldiğini, güneşi ve rüzgârı kontrol altına alabilmek ve hatta onlardan yararlanabilmek için bu formları hem düşeyde farklı yükseklikler hem de yanal yüzeylerde bir dizi girintiler ve çıkıntılar yaratarak şekillendirdiğini göstermiştir. Foster, iç ve dış arasındaki sınırları bulanıklaştırmak ve aynı zamanda kullanıcılara doğal havayla temas edebilecekleri ortamlar yaratmak amacıyla balkonlara ayrı bir önem vermiş, çoğu tasarımında gölgeleme elemanlarını sanatsal bir tarzla kullanmıştır. Daha ziyade kahve, gri ve bej tonlarını tercih etmiş ve yine iklimsel faktörlere cevap verebilecek bir malzeme paleti kullanmıştır.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• İklim
• Konut Yapıları
• Mimari Tasarım
• Norman Foster

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