COVID-19 Pandemisinin Mimari Mekân İhtiyaçları Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisi, inşaat ve şehir tasarımı üzerinde önemli değişikliklere ve uyarlamalara neden olmuştur. Bu derleme, COVID-19 pandemisinin mimarlık ve kentsel tasarım üzerindeki önemli etkilerini incelemektedir. Temel gelişmeler, uzaktan çalışmayı desteklemek için ev ofisi tasarımının yükselmesi, temel hizmetler için dijital altyapının artan kullanımı, kamu ve yeşil alanların canlandırılması ve sosyal mesafe için tasarım adaptasyonlarını içermektedir. Bina tasarımları artık güvenli dolaşımı sağlamak için daha geniş koridorlar ve açık hava alanlarını önceliklendirmekte, enfeksiyon riskini azaltmak için iyileştirilmiş havalandırma sistemlerini benimsemekte ve daha fazla temizlik sağlamak için antimikrobiyal malzemelere odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca, akıllı bina sistemleri ve yapay zeka tabanlı güvenlik önlemleri gibi dijital teknolojiler, pandemi sonrası tasarımlarda merkezi bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu dönüşümler, gelecekteki zorluklara hazır daha sağlıklı, uyumlu ve dayanıklı inşaat ortamları oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Mimari Adaptasyonlar
• Kentsel Tasarım
• Sağlık ve Güvenlik

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Architectural Space Needs

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic, the built environment has faced significant transformations and adaptations to address emerging challenges and public health concerns. This review explores the significant implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on architecture and urban design. Key developments include the rise of home office design to accommodate remote work, increased reliance on digital infrastructure for essential services, the revitalization of public and green spaces, and design adaptations for social distancing. Building designs now prioritize wider corridors and open-air spaces to enable safe circulation, improved ventilation systems to reduce infection risk, and antimicrobial materials for enhanced cleanliness. Moreover, digital technologies, such as smart building systems and AI-driven safety measures, play a central role in post-pandemic designs. These transformations collectively aim to create healthier, adaptable, and resilient built environments ready to face future challenges.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Architectural Adaptations
• Urban Design
• Health and Safety

References

1. Ak, Ö. (2020). Pandemi Mimarisi. TUBITAK Science and Technical Journal, 57, 33-45.
2. Akça, M., Tepe Küçükoğlu, M. (2020). Covıd-19 ve İş Yaşamına Etkileri: Evden Çalışma. Journal Of International Management Educational and Economics Perspectives, 8 (1), 71-81.
3. Alhusban, A. A., Alhusban, S. A., & Alhusban, M. A. (2021). How the COVID 19 pandemic would change the future of architectural design. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 20(1), 339–357. https://doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2021-0148
4. Assefa, Y., Gilks, C. F., Van De Pas, R., Reid, S., Gete, D. G., & Van Damme, W. (2021). Reimagining global health systems for the 21st century: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Global Health, 6(4), e004882. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004882
5. Belfiglio, V. J. (2017). Control of epidemics in the Roman army: 27 BC–AD 476. Int. J. Community Med. Public Health, 4, 1387.
6. Beard, J. A., Bearden, A., & Striker, R. (2011). Vitamin D and the anti-viral state. Journal of Clinical Virology, 50(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2010.12.006
7. Bereitschaft, B., & Scheller, D. S. (2020). How might the COVID-19 pandemic affect 21st century urban design, planning, and development? Urban Science, 4(4), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4040056
8. Brownell, B. (2020, March 26). Materials and coatings that reduce surface transmission of bac-teria and viruses. Retrieved from https://www.architectmagazine.com/techno-logy/materials-and-coatings-that-reduce-surface-transmission-of-bacteria-and-vi-ruses_o

9. Bruun, C. (1991). The water supply of ancient Rome: A study of roman imperial administration. Helsinki, Finland: Societas scientiarum Fennica
10. Budds, D. (2020). Design in the age of pandemics. Retrieved from https://www.cur-bed.com/2020/3/17/21178962/design-pandemics-coronavirus-quarantine
11. Cevik, M., Kuppalli, K., Kindrachuk, J., & Peiris, M. (2020). Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. BMJ, m3862. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3862
12. Chen, Q., Sun, Z., & Li, W. (2023). Effects of COVID-19 on residential Planning and Design: a scientometric analysis. Sustainability, 15(3), 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032823
13. Criscuolo, E., Diotti, R., Ferrarese, R., Alippi, C., Viscardi, G., Signorelli, C., Mancini, N., Clementi, M., & Clementi, N. (2021). Fast inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by UV-C and ozone exposure on different materials. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 10, 206 - 209. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2021.1872354.
14. Curtis, L. (2021). HEPA Filters and Airborne Viruses, Bacteria, and Fungi. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 166, 1005 - 1005. https://doi.org/10.1177/01945998211035104.
15. Dietz, L., Horve, P. F., Coil, D. A., Fretz, M., Eisen, J. A., & Van Den Wymelenberg, K. (2020). 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission. MSystems, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00245-20
16. Demı̇rbı̇lek, S. (2007). Sanal Çalışma Ekseninde Sanal İşgören. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7 (13), 69-90.
17. Feehan, J., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2021). Is COVID-19 the worst pandemic?. Maturitas, 149, 56–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.02.001
18. Hasanhanoğlu, C. (2020). Covıd-19’un İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kapsamında İşletmeler Üzerine Etkileri, Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Siyaset Bilimleri Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4 (10): 11-27.
19. Hedlund, R. C., Diamond, T. K., & Uversky, V. N. (2020). The latitude hypothesis, vitamin D, and SARS-Co-V2. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 39(16), 6168–6170. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2020.1794973
20. Hobday, R., & Dancer, S. (2013). Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives. Journal of Hospital Infection, 84(4), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2013.04.011
21. Jordan, D.P. (1995). Transforming Paris: The life and labors of Baron Haussman. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL, USA
22. Klein, K. (2020, April 13). Woods Bagot's modular AD-APT modifies apartments for working from home. Retrieved from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/04/13/woods-bagots-modular-ad-apt-apartments-working-from-home/
23. Koçak, O. & Kavi, E. (2010). BİLGİ TOPLUMUNDA EVDEN ÇALIŞMANIN ETİK BOYUTU. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 0 (59), 69-88.
24. Megahed, N.A., Ghoneim, E.M. (2020). Antivirus-built environment: Lessons learned from covid-19 pandemic. Sustainable Cities and Society, V:61, 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
25. Our World in Data. (2021). Parks and outdoor spaces: How did the number of visitors change since the beginning of the pandemic? Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grap-her/change-visitors-parks-covid
26. Partigöç, N. S., & Tarhan, Ç. (2020). Bir Pandemi (Covıd-19) Süreci Tecrübesi: Kentlerin Kırılganlığının Azaltılmasında Teknolojinin Rolü. Şehir ve Toplum Dergisi, (17).
27. Pinheiro, M.D., Luís, N.C. (2020). COVID-19 could leverage a sustainable built environment. Sustainability, 12(14), 5863. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145863
28. Qu, G., Li, X., Hu, L., & Jiang, G. (2020). An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19). Environmental Science & Technology, 54(7), 3730–3732. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01102
29. Rice, L. B. (2020). After Covid-19: urban design as spatial medicine. Urban Design International, 28(2), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-020-00142-6
30. Soderlund, J., & Newman, P. (2015). Biophilic architecture: a review of the rationale and outcomes. AIMS Environmental Science, 2(4), 950–969. https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2015.4.950
31. Spalidoro, B. (2020). How architecture can defend us from germs, bacteria, and viruses like covid-19, Available:https://www.workdesign.com/2020/05/healthy-buildings-how-architecture-can-defend-us-from-covid-19/
32. Story, M. F., Mueller, J. L. ve Mace, R. L. (1998). The universal design file: designing for people of all ages and abilities. NC State University, The Center for Universal Design.
33. Szczygiel, B., & Hewitt, R. A. (2000). Nineteenth-Century Medical Landscapes: John H. Rauch, Frederick Law Olmsted, and The Search for Salubrity. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 74(4), 708–734. https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2000.0197
34. Tutal, O., & Koca, A. (2021). COVID 19 SALGINI SÜRECİNDE DEĞİŞEN DİNAMİKLER ÜZERİNDEN YENİ KAMUSAL ALAN OLASILIKLARI. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/349e5a825bd34ffdabc31262b04de208
35. Ugolini, F., Massetti, L., Calaza-Martínez, P., Cariñanos, P., Dobbs, C., Ostoić, S. K., . . . Sanesi, G. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use and perceptions of urban green space: An international exploratory study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 56, 126888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126888
36. Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D. H., Holbrook, M. G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B. N., Munster, V. J. (2020). Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382(16), 1564–1567. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2004973
37. Wainwright, O. (2020, April 13). Smart lifts, lonely workers, no towers or tourists: Architecture after coronavirus. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/apr/13/smart-lifts-lonely-workers-no-towers-architecture-after-covid-19-coronavirus
38. Zamfir, M., Ciobanu, I., Marin, A. G., ve Zamfir, M.V. (2021). Smart dwellings: architectural perspectives opened by COVID-19 pandemic. Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal, 5(2), 33–49.