Yapı Malzemesi Seçiminde Kriterler ve Sürdürülebilirliğin Yeri

Abstract

Yapılar, yaşam döngüleri boyunca başta malzeme ve enerji olmak üzere büyük miktarlarda doğal kaynak tüketmeleri ve atık üretmeleri nedeniyle sürdürülebilirliğin odak noktası haline gelmişlerdir. Yapıları sürdürülebilir hale getirme çabaları yapım yönetim sürecinin büyük kısmını yöneten malzemelerin sürdürülebilirliğiyle başlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada yapı malzemelerinin sürdürülebilirliğinde dikkate alınacak kriterlerin önem seviyelerinin belirlenmesine çalışılmıştır. Bu maksatla çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik kriterler başlıkları altında toplanmış 25 kriterin sürdürülebilirlik açısından öneminin değerlendirildiği bir anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket farklı mesleklerden ve farklı demografik özelliklerde 50 kişinin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiş, katılımcı görüşlerinin demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı çıkarımsal analizlerle incelenmiştir. Çıkarımsal analizlerde sadece iş deneyim süresi için ekonomik kriterlere ilişkin görüşlerin farklılaştığı, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim seviyesi ve mesleğe göre bir farklılaşma olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle sonuçların genellenebileceğine karar verilmiş ve kriterlerin göreli önem değerleri belirlenmiştir. Suyun korunumu çevresel dahil tüm kriterler içerisinde ilk sırada yer alırken, sosyal kriterler içerisinde erişilebilirlik ve ekonomik kriterler içerisinde uzun vadeli tasarruf en önemli kriterler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar inşaat sektörünü daha sürdürülebilir hale getirmek için yapı malzemelerinin sürdürülebilirliğinde hangi kriterlere dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu açıdan çalışmanın hükümetler, yerel yönetimler, yapı malzemesi üreticileri, tasarımcılar, yükleniciler ve en nihayetinde kullanıcılar için yol gösterici olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

• Yaşam döngüsü
• yapı malzemesi
• sürdürülebilirlik
• su çıkarımı
• sürdürülebilir malzeme yönetimi

Criteria in Building Material Selection and The Role of Sustainability

Abstract

Buildings have become the focal point of sustainability because they consume large amounts of natural resources, especially materials and energy, and produce waste throughout their life cycle. Efforts to make buildings sustainable begin with the sustainability of the materials that govern most of the construction management process. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the importance levels of the criteria to be considered in the sustainability of building materials. For this purpose, a survey study was conducted to evaluate the importance of 25 criteria, grouped under the headings of environmental, social, and economic criteria, in terms of sustainability. The survey was conducted with the participation of 50 people from different professions and with different demographic characteristics, and whether participant opinions differed according to demographic characteristics was examined through inferential analyses. The inferential analyses revealed that the views differed for the work experience and only on economic criteria, and that there was no differentiation according to gender, age, education level and profession. For this reason, it was decided that the results could be generalized, and the relative importance values of the criteria were determined. While water conservation ranks first among all criteria, including environmental, accessibility among social criteria and long-term savings among economic criteria have been determined to be the most important criteria. The results revealed which criteria should be taken into consideration in the sustainability of building materials in order to make the construction industry more sustainable. In this respect, it is evaluated that the study will be a guide for governments, local governments, building material manufacturers, designers, contractors and ultimately users.

Keywords

• Life cycle
• building material
• sustainability
• water extraction
• sustainable material managament

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