Türkiye’de Dijital Ekonomilerin Karbon Emisyonu ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: FA-ARDL Yönteminden Kanıtlar

Abstract

Günümüzde dijital ekonomiler veya dijitalleşme, üretimden tüketime kadar ekonomilerin her alanında gün geçtikçe daha çok yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla dijitalleşmenin ekonomik büyüme üzerine olan etkilerinin yanı sıra karbon emisyonu salınımı üzerine etkileri de merak konusu olmaktadır. Çünkü dijitalleşme, bir taraftan ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu etkiler meydana getirirken diğer taraftan ise karbon emisyonu salınımlarını azaltıcı etkiler meydana getirmektedir. Ancak dijitalleşmenin daha fazla enerji tüketimine neden olarak karbon emisyon salınımlarını artırıcı etkileri olacağını savunan görüşlerde yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla literatürde dijitalleşmenin karbon emisyonları ve ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri hakkında bir fikir birliği olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada 1996-2021 yılları arası dijital ekonomilerin karbon emisyonu ve ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkileri Türkiye ekonomisi için araştırılmaktadır. Çalışmada dijital ekonomi göstergesi olarak internet kullanan bireylerin toplam nüfusa oranı kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmada karbon emisyon ve ekonomik büyüme göstergesinin yanı sıra kontrol değişken olmaları amacı ile enerji yapısı, hükümet harcamaları, kentleşme ve dışa açıklık verileri de kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan verilerin hem birim kök hem de yapısal kırılma içerip içermediğinin tespit için yapısal kırılmalı ADF birim kök testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiyi belirlemek için Fourier terimler eklenerek FA-ARDL yönteminin kullanılmasına karar verilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına bakıldığında dijitalleşmenin ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif, karbon emisyon salınımını ise negatif etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Dijital Ekonomi
• Karbon Emisyonu
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Panel Veri Analizi

The Impact of Digital Economies on Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Türkiye: Evidence from the FA-ARDL

Abstract

Currently, digital economies, or digitalisation, are progressively infiltrating all facets of economies, from production to consumption. Consequently, alongside the impact of digitisation on economic growth, its influence on carbon emissions is also of interest. Digitalisation positively impacts economic growth while concurrently decreasing carbon emissions. Nonetheless, some contend that digitisation will elevate carbon emissions due to increased energy use. The literature does not achieve consensus regarding the effects of digitalisation on carbon emissions and economic growth. This study examines the impact of digital economies on carbon emissions and economic growth within the Turkish economy from 1996 to 2021. The research employs the ratio of internet users to the total population as an indication of the digital economy. In addition to carbon emissions and economic growth indicators, we utilise data on energy structure, government expenditures, urbanisation, and openness to foreign trade as control variables. The ADF unit root test with structural break is employed to ascertain the presence of both unit root and structural break in the study's data. We opted to employ the FA-ARDL approach, incorporating Fourier terms, to ascertain the long-term relationship among the variables. The study's findings indicate that digitisation positively influences economic growth while adversely affecting carbon emissions.

Keywords

• Digital Economy
• Carbon Emission
• Economic Growth
• Panel Data Analysis

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