A New Security Calculus: Redefining National Security Through the Lessons of the 2025 Iran-Israel War

Abstract

The Iran-Israel War of 2025, which coincides with the ongoing Israeli war on Gaza, has forced us to rethink our national security in an increasingly interconnected world. This war started with the Israeli attack on Iran involving complex military intelligence and political operations. It clarified the limits of traditional security methods. We now know that things other than military strength matter for national security. The war revealed how vulnerable countries are when faced with non-physical threats. These hazardous threats can infiltrate our systems, disrupt our information networks, and even cause a schism in our society. This research paper examines the aforementioned events using Realism, Liberalism, Critical Security Studies, and Human Security, all tools that can help us understand modern conflict better. These debates about the shrinking demarcation between state and non-state actors, the growing role of private corporations in espionage and cyber warfare, changing nature of international partnerships, and the necessity of a nation to be strong and united. As per the report, to have actual national security in the 21st century, we should not limit ourselves to military defence only. It needs a bigger plan that provides solid cyber intelligence, credible information warfare, strong community ties, and efforts at technological independence. This way of doing things is not only smart, it's necessary. Vulnerabilities in modern systems can spread quickly and a flaw that occurs in one part of security rarely stays in that area. Most of the time, security flaws quickly travel from one area to the other, making the whole security weak. A large cyber-attack, for example, can damage trust and halt economic activity quite rapidly, meaning that the stability of a state can be affected from within. The close relationship necessitates a security policy that harmonizes and coordinates the efforts of all governmental and social branches. Lawmakers should eliminate departmental barriers and create policies that recognize and respond to these connections. A disunited people or an inadequate digital infrastructure cannot be compensated by even a mighty military, they should realize. The objective of this study is to generate a better and more robust definition of national security, drawing important lessons from this conflict. This will contribute to the development of a framework for adaptable and successful governance in a world full of uncertainties.

Keywords

• National Security
• New Dimensions of Security
• Private Companies
• The 2025 Iran-Israel War
• Israel's War on Gaza

Yeni Bir Güvenlik Denklemi: 2025 İran-İsrail Savaşı Dersleri Işığında Ulusal Güvenliğin Yeniden Tanımlanması

Abstract

2025 İran-İsrail Savaşı, İsrail'in Gazze'deki eş zamanlı operasyonlarıyla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, birbiriyle bağlantılı dünyamızda "ulusal güvenlik" kavramının ne anlama geldiğine dair köklü bir yeniden değerlendirmeyi zorunlu kılan kritik bir dönüm noktası işlevi görmektedir. İsrail'in İran'a saldırısıyla başlayan bu çatışma, geleneksel güvenlik paradigmalarının sınırlarını açıkça ortaya koyan karmaşık bir askeri, istihbarat ve siyasi etkileşimi içermiştir. Ulusal güvenlik artık açıkça tanklar ve askerlerle sınırlı bir mesele değildir. Bu çatışma, ulusların fiziksel savaş alanlarının çok ötesine, dijital ekosistemlere, bilgi akışlarına ve toplumun bütünlüğüne kadar uzanan tehditlere karşı derin bir savunmasızlığını gözler önüne sermiştir. Bu makale, modern çatışmanın karmaşık katmanlarını ortaya çıkarmak için Realizm, Liberalizm, Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları ve İnsan Güvenliği gibi yerleşik teorik çerçevelerden yararlanarak bu önemli olayları incelemektedir. Devlet ve devlet dışı aktörler arasındaki belirsizleşen çizgileri, istihbarat ve siber savaşta özel şirketlerin buna bağlı yükselişini, uluslararası ittifakların akışkan dinamiklerini ve bir ulusun iç dayanıklılığının ve birliğinin temel önemi incelenmektedir. Temel argüman, 21. yüzyılda gerçekten güvende olmak isteyen bir devletin askeri savunmanın ötesine bakması gerektiğidir. Bu sebeple, güçlü siber istihbarat, gelişmiş bilgi savaşı stratejileri, güçlü toplumsal bağların geliştirilmesi ve teknolojik bağımsızlığın peşinde koşmayı birleştiren bütünsel bir duruş benimsenmelidir. Bu zorunluluk, modern zafiyetlerin ardışık doğasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bir alandaki zayıflık izole kalmaz; metastaz yapabilir ve güvenliğin görünüşte ilgisiz diğer yönlerini istikrarsızlaştırarak sistemik kırılganlık yaratabilir. Örneğin, siber güvenlikte bir ihlal, kamu güvenini hızla aşındırabilir ve ekonomik faaliyetleri sekteye uğratarak devleti içeriden zayıflatabilir. Bu birbirine bağlılık, bütünsel, hükümet ve toplum çapında bir güvenlik stratejisi gerektirir. Politika yapıcılar, bu karşılıklı bağımlılıkları kabul eden ve yöneten politikalar oluşturmak için departmansal yönetimin ötesine geçmeli ve güçlü bir ordunun kırılgan dijital sistemleri veya parçalanmış bir toplumu telafi edemeyeceğini anlamalıdır. Bu çalışma, bu çatışmadan alınan dersleri analiz ederek, daha kapsamlı ve dirençli bir ulusal güvenlik tanımı oluşturmayı ve değişken bir dünyada devlet yönetimine daha uyumlu ve etkili bir yaklaşım için bir çerçeve sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Ulusal Güvenlik
• Güvenliğin Yeni Boyutları
• Özel Şirketler
• 2025 İran-İsrail Savaşı
• İsrail'in Gazze'ye Saldırısı

References

1. AA. (2025, May 15). Interview – ‘Expose them’: Viral Palantir protester warns all complicit in Gaza horrors. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/interview-expose-them-viral-palantir-protester-warns-all-complicit-in-gaza-horrors/3565328
2. Azizian, A. (2022, July 28). Iran crude/condensate review H1 2022. Vortexa. https://www.vortexa.com/insights/crude/iran-crude-condensate-review-h1-2022/?utm_source=marketo&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=insights210722&mkt_tok=ODM3LU1aRS01NzgAAAGFwGyFMoSJPii_0tozPvKU4hVvpfYcYqGygOQSZPTG5abBNmT0xvLdA-78arosRGTraIqkG9bL4Z8_Czt116Pei7DQmpMhs6ymajvJWW0
3. Babassa, N. (June 27, 2025). Why did Iran give prior warning before attacking the U.S. air base in Qatar? Doha News. https://dohanews.co/why-did-iran-give-prior-warning-before-attacking-the-u-s-air-base-in-qatar/
4. Bah, A. B., & Emmanuel, N. (2024). Postwar Institutional Reforms: Human Security and Good Governance. In International Statebuilding in West Africa: Civil Wars and New Humanitarianism in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Côte d’Ivoire (pp. 163–208). Indiana University Press.
5. Baker, N. V. (2003). National Security versus Civil Liberties. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 33(3), 547–567.
6. Barr, L. (2024, March 12). FBI director warns of “dangerous individuals” coming across southern border. ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/fbi-director-warns-dangerous-individuals-coming-southern-border/story?id=108024830
7. BBC News. (2025, June 25). US strikes did not destroy Iran’s nuclear programme, intelligence report says. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cn7ze4vmk2pt
8. Bellows, A. (2020). Bridging the Elite-Grassroots Divide Among Anticorruption Activists. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

9. Bergengruen, V. (2024, February 8). How tech giants turned Ukraine into an AI war lab. TIME. https://time.com/6691662/ai-ukraine-war-palantir/
10. BRICS. (2025a). BRICS Joint Statement on the Escalation of the Security Situation in the Middle East Following the Military Strikes on the Territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran. https://brics.br/en/news/brics-joint-statement-on-the-escalation-of-the-security-situation-in-the-middle-east-following-the-military-strikes-on-the-territory-of-the-islamic-republic-of-iran
11. BRICS. (2025b). Rio de Janeiro Declaration. Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance. https://brics.br/en/documents/presidency-documents/250705-brics-leaders-declaration-en.pdf/@@download/file
12. Brownlee, B. J., & Ghiabi, M. (2025). States Without People: Revolt and Defeat in the Middle East (Vol. 9). McGill-Queen’s University Press.
13. Bruen, E. (2025, June 20). Mossad and Iran: The covert war unveiled. Accelerate Your Potential. https://www.speed-program.com/iranwars11/mossad-and-iran.html
14. Celso, A. N., & Bechtol, B. E. (2025). Iran’s Military Capabilities: Becoming a Hegemon Thanks to Acquisition. In Rogue Allies: The Strategic Partnership between Iran and North Korea (pp. 33–62). University Press of Kentucky.
15. Chow, A. R. & Lee, C. (2025, June 12). How AI Is Being Used to Spread Misinformation—and Counter It—During the L.A. Protests. Time. https://time.com/7293470/ai-los-angeles-protests-misinformation/
16. Christie, E. H., & Berzina, K. (2022). NATO and Societal Resilience: All Hands on Deck in an Age of War. German Marshall Fund of the United States.
17. Cohen, Z., Treene, A., Atwood K., Hansler, J. (June 26, 2025). Exclusive: Details emerge of secret diplomatic efforts to restart Iran talks. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/06/26/politics/us-iran-talks-nuclear-program
18. Connor, R., Jones, T., & Hairsine, K. (2025, June 17). Germany’s Merz says Israel doing “dirty work for us” in Iran. Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-merz-says-israel-doing-dirty-work-for-us-in-iran/live-72939104
19. Constitutional Council of Iran. (2025). Constitutional Council ratifies strategic pact with Russia. https://www.shora-gc.ir/en/news/298/constitutional-council-ratifies-strategic-pact-with-russia
20. Crawford, K., & Schultz, J. (2019). AI Systems As State Actors. Columbia Law Review, 119(7), 1941–1972.
21. Crowley, M. (2025, June 24). How the United States Helped Create Iran’s Nuclear Program. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/24/us/politics/us-iran-nuclear-program.html
22. CTGN. (2025, June 17). President Xi Jinping urges all parties to de-escalate Middle East tensions immediately. https://news.cgtn.com/news/2025-06-17/Xi-says-all-related-parties-should-work-to-de-escalate-Mideast-tension-as-soon-as-possible-avoid-further-escalation-1EhyinLaa2s/index.html
23. Ellison, D., Sweijs, T., Ghirotto, T., Elzinga, A., Döll, J., & van Hooft, P. (2025). First strike and bolts from the blue: EDTs and offence. In Deterring or Spiralling?: Emerging Technologies, Strategic Stability, and Prospects for Sino-European Arms Control (pp. 12–21). Hague Centre for Strategic Studies.
24. Euronews Farsi. (2025, July 06). Iran alone in crises: Where were Russia, China in their time of need? https://sg.news.yahoo.com/iran-alone-crises-where-were-191826465.html
25. France 24. (2024, September 18). Israel planted 5,000 pager explosives months before deadly blasts, Lebanese security sources say. https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240918-israel-planted-5-000-pager-explosives-months-before-deadly-blasts-lebanese-security-sources-say
26. France 24. (2025, June 27). Iran arrests 700 'Israeli agents', but where are the weapons?. https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20250627-iran-arrests-seized-weapons-mossad-connection-israel
27. García-Herrero, A., Krystyanczuk, M., & Schindowski, R. (2025). Which Companies are Ahead in Frontier Innovation on Critical Technologies?: Comparing China, the European Union, and the United States. Bruegel.
28. G7 Research Group. (2025). G7 Leaders Respond to Israel-Iran Hostilities. G7 Information Centre – University of Toronto. https://www.g7.utoronto.ca/evaluations/2025kananaskis/mason-israel-iran.html
29. Gan, N. (2025, June 20). Xi and Putin present united front over Israel-Iran crisis, in veiled message to Trump. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/06/20/china/china-xi-putin-iran-analysis-intl-hnk
30. Ganji, A. (2013). Who Is Ali Khamenei? The Worldview of Iran’s Supreme Leader. Foreign Affairs, 92(5), 24–48.
31. Gelder, A. B. (2022). Legal, Moral, and Ethical Implications of Machine Learning: DATAWorks 2022. Institute for Defense Analyses.
32. Nolan, G. (2021). Technological Sovereignty and the Global South. In Savage Mind to Savage Machine: Racial Science and Twentieth-Century Design (pp. 199–220). University of Minnesota Press.
33. Ghamari-Tabrizi, B. (2019). Reconsidering the Iranian Revolution, Forty Years Later. Current History, 118(812), 343–348.
34. Glaser, C. L. (1997). The Security Dilemma Revisited. World Politics, 50(1), 171–201.
35. González, R. J. (2024). How Big Tech and Silicon Valley are Transforming the Military-Industrial Complex. Costs of War. Watson Instute, Brown University. https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2023/2024/Silicon%20Valley%20MIC.pdf
36. Greenwood, F. (2020). Data colonialism, surveillance capitalism and drones. In D. Specht (Ed.), Mapping Crisis: Participation, Datafication and Humanitarianism in the Age of Digital Mapping (pp. 89–118). University of London Press.
37. Gritten, D. (2024, October 2). Iran launches more than 180 ballistic missiles at Israel. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9dyxxgxv1jo
38. Gross, S. (2025). China’s Global Initiatives: Implications and Recommendations for Israel. Institute for National Security Studies.
39. Guerrière, D. (2019). Social Justice versus Western Justice. The Independent Review, 24(1), 25–36.
40. Holmes, K. R. (2015). What Is National Security?. The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/2015_IndexOfUSMilitaryStrength_What%20Is%20National%20Security.pdf
41. Iran International. (2024, September 24). Iran wants peace, Israel wants war - Pezeshkian at UN. https://www.iranintl.com/en/202409239982
42. Iran President. (2025). Iran-Russia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty https://president.ir/en/156874
43. Israeli Prime Minister's Office. (2025). Israeli Government Statement. https://www.gov.il/en/pages/spoke-message-gov240625
44. Jafari, P. (2025). Iran’s great gamble: the Rise of the East. Atlantisch Perspectief, 49(1), 18–22.
45. Jiménez, A. (2025). Cyberwar against the People. In The Crimes of Digital Capitalism: Corporate Crime in an Age of Exploitation (pp. 85–114). NYU Press.
46. Kahalzadeh, H. (2025, June 13). A nuclear deal with Iran could generate billions for US economy. Responsible Statecraft. https://responsiblestatecraft.org/iran-nuclear-deal-2672335856/
47. Kaltofen, C. (2013). Engaging Adorno: Critical security studies after emancipation. Security Dialogue, 44(1), 37–51.
48. Katulis, B., Vatanka, A., & Karam, P. (2025). Three Strategic Policy Recommendations for a Second Trump Administration’s Iran Policy. In Beyond “Maximum Pressure” in Us Policy on Iran: Leveraging Regional Partners to Contain Iran’s Actions and Shape its Future Choices (pp. 21–24). Middle East Institute.
49. Khatib, I. (2025, June 26). Palantir’s shadow war on Iran. Al-Akhbar English. https://en.al-akhbar.com/news/palantir-s-shadow-war-on-iran
50. King, G., & Christopher J. L. Murray. (2001). Rethinking Human Security. Political Science Quarterly, 116(4), 585–610.
51. Krause, K., & Williams, M. C. (1997). From Strategy to Security: Foundations of Critical Security Studies. In K. KRAUSE & M. C. WILLIAMS (Eds.), Critical Security Studies: Concepts and Cases (NED-New edition, pp. 33–60). University of Minnesota Press.
52. Krishnan, M. (2025, June 23). Iran-Israel war: Will India need to pick a side? Deutsche Welle. https://www.dw.com/en/india-israel-iran-war-pakistan/a-72983963
53. Lachow, I., & Grossman, T. (2018). Cyberwar Inc.: Examining the Role of Companies in Offensive Cyber Operations. In H. Lin & A. Zegart (Eds.), Bytes, Bombs, and Spies: The Strategic Dimensions of Offensive Cyber Operations (pp. 379–400). Brookings Institution Press.
54. Langford. (2025, June 15). Typhoon jets moved to Cyprus in British show of force. UK Defence Journal. https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/typhoon-jets-moved-to-cyprus-in-british-show-of-force/
55. Loke, B., & Emmers, R. (2023). U.S.-China Great-Power Politics and Strategic Ambiguities in an Evolving Indo-Pacific Security Architecture. Asia Policy, 18(4), 52–60.
56. Marco, A. (2025). Iron Wall or iron fist?: Palestinian militancy and Israel’s campaign to reshape the northern West Bank. Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project.
57. Merriweather, C. A. (2022, June 3). Cybersecurity from a Constructivist, Liberalist, and Realist Lens. Medium. https://cmerriweatherjr.medium.com/cybersecurity-from-a-constructivist-liberalist-and-realist-lens-9707c08548be
58. Mac Ghlionn, J. (2025, May 13). The most dangerous man in America isn’t Trump—it’s Alex Karp. Asia Times. https://asiatimes.com/2025/05/the-most-dangerous-man-in-america-isnt-trump-its-alex-karp/#
59. MacWillie, J. (2020). The Technics of a Gnostic World: an Ontogeny of Big Data. In K. MACNISH & J. GALLIOTT (Eds.), Big Data and Democracy (pp. 137–152). Edinburgh University Press.
60. Mahoney, C. W. (2021). Corporate Hackers: Outsourcing US Cyber Capabilities. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 15(1), 61–89.
61. Matoi, E. (2025). Israeli Prime Minister’s public admission of supporting an ISIS-linked organization and “what’s wrong with that?”. MEPEI. https://mepei.com/israeli-prime-ministers-public-admission-of-supporting-an-isis-linked-organization-and-whats-wrong-with-that/
62. Middle East Monitor. (2025, June 18). German Chancellor says Israel doing a ‘dirty work for all of us’ in Iran. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20250618-german-chancellor-says-israel-doing-a-dirty-work-for-all-of-us-in-iran/
63. NATO STRATCOM COE. (2019). Responding to Cognitive Security Challenge. https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/web_Responing-to-Cognitive.pdf
64. Newman, E. (2010). Critical human security studies. Review of International Studies, 36(1), 77–94.
65. Norton, B. (2024, December 9). Al-Qaeda-linked ‘rebels’ in Syria say they ‘love Israel’. USA gave them billions in weapons & support. Geopolitical Economy Report. https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2024/12/06/al-qaeda-rebels-syria-israel-usa/
66. O’Donnell, J. & Seligman, L. (2019). Washington’s Favorite Tech Firm. (2019). Foreign Policy, 231, 40.
67. OHCHR. (2024). Gaza: UN experts deplore use of purported AI to commit ‘domicide’ in Gaza, call for reparative approach to rebuilding. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/04/gaza-un-experts-deplore-use-purported-ai-commit-domicide-gaza-call
68. Ogata, S. (2005). Human Security: Theory and Practice. St Antony’s International Review, 1(2), 11–23.
69. Palantir. (2025a). Apollo. https://www.palantir.com/platforms/apollo/
70. Palantir. (2025b). Foundry. https://www.palantir.com/platforms/foundry/
71. Pauwels, E. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Data Capture Technologies in Violence and Conflict Prevention: Opportunities and Challenges for the International Community. Global Center on Cooperative Security.
72. Pijpers, P., & Arnold, K. (2025). Rethinking Cyber Deterrence: Adapting to the Realities of the Digital Battlefield. Journal of Strategic Security, 18(1), 61–76.
73. Poiret, A. & Bouvard, A. (2023). Global Spyware Scandal: Exposing Pegasus (two parts). PBS Frontline. https://archive.org/details/global-spyware-scandal-exposing-pegasus-part-one-full-documentary-frontline_202403
74. Pope, B. E. (2019). An Ethical Framework of War. In A Better State of War: Surmounting the Ethical Cliff in Cyber Warfare (pp. 11–22). Air University Press.
75. Prime Minister of Canada. (2025, June 19). G7 Leaders’ statement on recent developments between Israel and Iran. https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2025/06/16/g7-leaders-statement-on-recent-developments-between-israel-and-iran
76. Propper, E. (2020). Autumn Chills: Israel-China Relations and the Normalization Agreements with the Gulf States. Institute for National Security Studies.
77. Radware. (2025). Security Research Center. https://www.radware.com/security/
78. Reich, R. (2025, July 4). Peter Thiel’s Palantir poses a grave threat to Americans. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/jun/30/peter-thiel-palantir-threat-to-americans
79. Reuters. (2025, June 19). Putin on Iran, Khamenei, regime change, Ukraine and NATO. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/putin-iran-germanys-merz-2025-06-18/
80. Roll, J. (2025, July 3). Where are China and Russia in the Israel-Iran conflict? The Loop. https://theloop.ecpr.eu/where-are-china-and-russia-in-the-israel-iran-conflict/
81. Rogers, Z. (2021). The Promise of Strategic Gain in the Digital Information Age: What Happened? The Cyber Defense Review, 6(1), 81–106.
82. Ruger, W. (2019, November 13). A Realist’s Guide to Grand Strategy. The American Conservative. https://www.theamericanconservative.com/a-realists-guide-to-grand-strategy/
83. Ruggiero, V. (2007). Privatizing International Conflict: War as Corporate Crime. Social Justice, 34(3/4 (109-110)), 132–147.
84. Samet, D. J. (2021). Israel’s China Problem. The National Interest, 175, 79–86.
85. Serjoie, K. A. (2024, May 28). The questions lingering around the death of Iran’s president. TIME. https://time.com/6982834/raisi-death-iran-lingering-questions/
86. Schwarz, E. (2025). Engineering Moral Failure?: The Challenges of Algorithmic Ethics for Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. In T. C. Bächle & J. Bareis (Eds.), The Realities of Autonomous Weapons (1st ed., pp. 232–258). Bristol University Press.
87. SCO. (2025). Statement of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Regarding Military Strikes on the Territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran. https://eng.sectsco.org/20250614/1861649.html
88. Sharma, Y. (2025, June 16). Why India refused to join SCO condemnation of Israel’s attacks on Iran. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/6/16/why-india-refused-to-join-sco-condemnation-of-israels-attacks-on-iran
89. Singer, S., Elmgren, K., & Guest, O. (2025). How Some of China’s Top AI Thinkers Built Their Own AI Safety Institute. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
90. Soldatkin, V., Osborn, A., & Antonov, D. (2025, June 19). Russia warns strike on Iran’s Bushehr nuclear plant could cause “Chernobyl-style catastrophe.” Reuters. Retrieved July 23, 2025, from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/russia-warns-strike-irans-bushehr-nuclear-plant-could-cause-chernobyl-style-2025-06-19/
91. Sor, J., & Epstein, J. (2025, June 23). How Russia’s overheating war economy could get a boost if the Iran conflict sends oil prices even higher. Business Insider. https://www.businessinsider.com/oil-prices-israel-iran-us-strike-russia-economy-war-brent-2025-6?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=business-sf
92. Spencer, J., & Collins, L. (2025). How Israeli Military Technology Continues to Improve the US Military. Institute for National Security Studies.
93. Startup Nation Central. (2025). SentinelOne. https://finder.startupnationcentral.org/company_page/sentinelone
94. TASS. (2025, June 19). Putin: Russia offered Iran to work on air defense, but it showed little interest. https://tass.ru/politika/24267713
95. The Economic Times. (2025, May 30). Palantir to create vast federal data platform tying together millions of Americans’ private records. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/us/palantir-to-create-vast-federal-data-platform-tying-together-millions-of-americans-private-records-stock-jumps/articleshow/121521062.cms?from=mdr
96. The Moscow Times. (2025, July 24). In a Prolonged Israel-Iran Conflict, Russia’s Economy Stands to Reap the Benefits. https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2025/06/24/in-a-prolonged-israel-iran-conflict-russias-economy-stands-to-reap-the-benefits-a89530
97. The Observatory of Economic Complexity. (2023). China's trade with Israel. https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/chn/partner/isr
98. The Standard. (2025, June 21). Mysterious disappearance of Chinese cargo flights near Iran raises questions. https://www.thestandard.com.hk/china-news/article/305218/Mysterious-disappearance-of-Chinese-cargo-flights-near-Iran-raises-questions
99. Tsai, Y. (2009). The Emergence of Human Security: A Constructivist View. International Journal of Peace Studies, 14(2), 19–33.
100. Wintour, P. (2025, April 2). Humiliation of Haniyeh’s killing creates early crisis for Iran’s new president. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jul/31/humiliation-of-ismail-haniyeh-killing-may-be-irans-final-push-into-war-with-israel
101. Wong, E. (July 6, 2025). China and Russia Keep Their Distance From Iran During Crisis. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/06/us/politics/axis-china-russia-iran-north-korea.html
102. Worldwide Videotex. (2016). Cyberark Enhances Malware Protection For ICS. Computer Security Update, 17(7), 3–6.
103. Yaron, O. (2025, June 14). Inside Israel’s attack on Iran: Secret Mossad base, precision strikes and advanced arms. Haaretz. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2025-06-14/ty-article/.premium/inside-israels-attack-on-iran-secret-mossad-base-precision-strikes-and-advanced-arms/00000197-6eaa-d3ff-a7bf-6eba89120000
104. Zimmt, R. (2025). Regime Change and the Overall Campaign Against Iran. Institute for National Security Studies.