Kentsel Alan Kullanımlarının Zamansal Değişimlerinin Hava Kirliliği Üzerindeki Etkisi

Abstract

Dünya nüfusunun hızlı bir şekilde artması ve buna bağlı olarak kırsal alanlardan kentsel alanlara sürekli göç olmasından dolayı kent nüfusları sürekli artmaktadır. Artan kent nüfuslarında insan etkilerinden dolayı sağlık yönünden zararlı kirletici etmenler oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 10 yıllık Landsat TM uydu görüntülerinin kontrollü sınıflanması sonucunda Iğdır Kent Merkezi’nin büyümesi ve buna bağlı olarak hava kirletici etmenlerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre Iğdır Kent Merkezi’nin 10 yıllık zaman dilimi içerisinde yapısal kısmının % 19,9 oranında büyüdüğü ve buna karşın aynı oranda açık yeşil alanların küçüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kent merkezinin büyümesine karşın hava kirletici etmenlerinde azalma belirlenmiş ve bu azalmaların kullanılan yakıt cinsi değişikliği ve meteorolojik etmenlerden kaynaklandığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Iğdır,Hava Kirliliği,Landsat TM,Kontrollü Sınıflama

The Effect of Time-Changing of Urban Areas on Air Pollution

Abstract

Due to the rapid increase in the world population and consequently the continuous migration from rural areas to urban areas, urban populations are constantly increasing. In the increasing urban populations, harmful pollutant factors are formed due to human effects. In this study, as a result of the controlled classification of 10 years' Landsat TM satellite images, the growth of Iğdır City Center and the related air pollutant factors were evaluated. According to the results of the study, it has been determined that the structural part of Iğdır City Center has grown by 19.9% in the 10-year period and the light green areas have decreased in the same ratio. As a result, despite the growth of the city center, a decrease in air pollutant factors has been determined and it has been observed that these decreases are caused by the fuel type change and meteorological factors.

Keywords

• urban area,air pollutions

References

1. Ahmet, C., Ahmet, K., YILMAZ, S., Kentleşmenin Hava Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi; Bingöl İli Örneği, Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 7(3):231-238.
2. Batur, E., Maktav, D., 2012, FLOODPLAIN ASSESSMENT WITH THE INTEGRATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: MERIC RIVER CASE STUDY, Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies 5(3):47-54.
3. Brauer, M., Freedman, G., Frostad, J., van Donkelaar, A., Martin, R. V., Dentener, F., van Dingenen, R., Estep, K., Amini, H., Apte, J. S., Balakrishnan, K., Barregard, L., Broday, D., Feigin, V., Ghosh, S., Hopke, P. K., Knibbs, L. D., Kokubo, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, S. F., Morawska, L., Sangrador, J. L. T., Shaddick, G., Anderson, H. R., Vos, T., Forouzanfar, M. H., Burnett, R. T., Cohen, A., 2016, Ambient Air Pollution Exposure Estimation for the Global Burden of Disease 2013, Environmental Science & Technology 50(1):79-88
4. Buoli, M., Grassi, S., Caldiroli, A., Carnevali, G. S., Mucci, F., Iodice, S., Cantone, L., Pergoli, L., Bollati, V., 2018, Is there a link between air pollution and mental disorders?, Environment International 118:154-168.
5. Burnett, R. T., Pope, C. A., Ezzati, M., Olives, C., Lim, S. S., Mehta, S., Shin, H. H., Singh, G., Hubbell, B., Brauer, M., Anderson, H. R., Smith, K. R., Balmes, J. R., Bruce, N. G., Kan, H. D., Laden, F., Pruss-Ustun, A., Michelle, C. T., Gapstur, S. M., Diver, W. R., Cohen, A., 2014, An Integrated Risk Function for Estimating the Global Burden of Disease Attributable to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Exposure, Environmental Health Perspectives 122(4):397-403.
6. Crouse, D. L., Peters, P. A., van Donkelaar, A., Goldberg, M. S., Villeneuve, P. J., Brion, O., Khan, S., Atari, D. O., Jerrett, M., Pope III, C. A., 2012, Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study, Environmental health perspectives 120(5):708.
7. Elachi, C., Zimmerman, P. D., 1988, Introduction to the Physics and Techniques of Remote Sensing, Physics Today 41:126.
8. Galloway, J. N., 1998, The global nitrogen cycle: changes and consequences, in: Nitrogen, the Confer-NS, Elsevier, pp. 15-24.

9. Gordon, T., Balakrishnan, K., Dey, S., Rajagopalan, S., Thornburg, J., Thurston, G., Agrawal, A., Collman, G., Guleria, R., Limaye, S., Salvi, S., Kilaru, V., Nadadur, S., 2018, Air pollution health research priorities for India: Perspectives of the Indo-US Communities of Researchers, Environment International 119:100-108.
10. Huang, J., Pan, X. C., Guo, X. B., Li, G. X., 2018, Impacts of air pollution wave on years of life lost: A crucial way to communicate the health risks of air pollution to the public, Environment International 113:42-49.
11. Kan, H. D., Chen, R. J., Tong, S. L., 2012, Ambient air pollution, climate change, and population health in China, Environment International 42:10-19
12. KOÇ, A., KOÇ, C., An Assessment Through Relationship Between Air Pollution and Climatic Parameters in City of Igdır.
13. Loizeau, M., Buteau, S., Chaix, B., McElroy, S., Counil, E., Benmarhnia, T., 2018, Does the air pollution model influence the evidence of socio-economic disparities in exposure and susceptibility?, Environmental Research 167:650-661.
14. Mannucci, P. M., Franchini, M., 2017, Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution in Developing Countries, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(9).
15. Pena, M. S. B., Rollins, A., 2017, Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease A Challenge for Health and Development in Low- and Middle -Income Countries, Cardiology Clinics 35(1):71-86.
16. Pope III, C. A., Burnett, R. T., Turner, M. C., Cohen, A., Krewski, D., Jerrett, M., Gapstur, S. M., Thun, M. J., 2011, Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality associated with ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke: shape of the exposure–response relationships, Environmental health perspectives 119(11):1616.
17. Segalowitz, S. J., 2008, Public health, brain health, and the dangers of air pollution for neural development, Brain and Cognition 68(2):115-116.
18. WHO, U., 2017, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division 2013. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013, World Health Organization, Geneva.
19. Xu, B., Luo, L., Lin, B., 2016, A dynamic analysis of air pollution emissions in China: evidence from nonparametric additive regression models, Ecological indicators 63:346-358.
20. Xu, X. Y., Gonzalez, J. E., Shen, S. H., Miao, S. G., Dou, J. X., 2018, Impacts of urbanization and air pollution on building energy demands - Beijing case study, Applied Energy 225:98-109.
21. Yang, J., Zhang, B., 2018, Air pollution and healthcare expenditure: Implication for the benefit of air pollution control in China, Environment international 120:443-455.
22. Yu, I. T. S., Qiu, H., Wang, X. R., Tian, L. W., Tse, L. A., 2013, Synergy between particles and nitrogen dioxide on emergency hospital admissions for cardiac diseases in Hong Kong, International Journal of Cardiology 168(3):2831-2836.
23. Zhang, Y.-L., Cao, F., 2015, Is it time to tackle PM2. 5 air pollutions in China from biomass-burning emissions?, Environmental Pollution 202:217-219.