Guangming Köyü ve diğerler örnekler: Afet sonrası Çin kırsalında yapılaşma

Year 2019, , 241 - 256, 15.06.2019

Didem Güneş Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.534043

Abstract

Afet
sonrası kalıcı konut uygulamalarının ‘dönüştüren’ etkisi herkesçe
bilinmektedir. Deprem ülkesi olan Çin ise, özellikle 2008 yılında yaşadığı
yıkıcı Wenchuan Depremi sonrasında kırsal yerleşimlerinde yeniden yapıma
deneysel yaklaşımlarda bulunmuştur. Son olarak 2014 yılındaki Ludian depremle
yıkılan Guangming’de yeniden inşa edilen bir konut 2017 Dünya Mimarlık Festivali’nde
ödüle layık görülmüştür. Yazı, Çin kırsalında afet sonrası ‘baştan yaratılan’
yerleşimlerin örneklerine yer vermektedir. Yeniden yapımda tercih edilen mimari
yaklaşım, malzeme seçimi, katılımcı inşa süreci ele alınmakla birlikte, oluşturulan
yeni kırsal yerleşimlerin kent dokusu ile benzerliği değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

kırsal Çin, afet sonrası kalıcı konut, afet konutları, kırsalda dönüşüm uygulamaları, kırsal mimarlık

Guangming village and other examples: Post-disaster reconstruction in rural China

Abstract

The
transformative effect of the post-disaster permanent housing implementation is
well known. As an earthquake-prone country, China has begun to approach more
experimentally to the reconstruction of rural settlements particularly
following the devastating 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Lately, the example of
Guangming Village, which was destroyed by the Ludian Earthquake in 2014, was
awarded in the World Architecture Festival in 2017. The paper focuses on the
Guangming village and the other similar examples in rural China in order to
evaluate the experimental approach to the architectural design of rural houses,
material selection, participatory construction method and the new urban-look
pattern and its social outcomes. The review includes Jintai, Yangliu, Ma’an
Qiao, Da Ping and Shengli Villages in addition to Guangming Village.

Keywords

rural China, post-disaster reconstruction, disaster housing, transformation of rural, transformative architecture

References

• AFAD (2014). Müdahale, İyileştirme ve Sosyo-Ekonomik açıdan 2011 Van Depremi, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Ankara.
• Charlesworth E. (2014). Humanitarian Architecture: 15 stories of architects working after disaster. Routledge.
• Chen, Y F (2017). How the Chinese Government Responded to the Wenchuan Earthquake, Chapter 5: Community Engagement in Post-Disaster Recovery. Ed. G. Marsh, I. Ahmed, M. Mulligan, J. Donovan & S. Barton. Routledge.
• Fu, X. (2017). Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays, Princeton University Press.
• Golden, E M (2017). Building from Tradition: Local Materials and Methods in Contemporary Architecture, Routledge.
• Kang, Y. (2015). Disaster Management in China in a Changing Era, Springer.
• Knapp, R. G. (2000). China's Old Dwellings, University of Hawaii Press.
• MU J., NG E., WAN L., ZHOU T., and MA J. Practical Study of the Ecological Rebuilding of Earthquake-Stricken Villages in Southwestern China, PLEA 2011, Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belçika, 13-15 Temmuz 2011.
• Oxfam Hong Kong’s Report Marking the Second Anniversary of the 5.12 Earthquaket: Two Years On, http://www.oxfam.org.hk/filemgr/1031/2_year_on_en.pdf Erişim: 25.01.2018.
• Wang R. ve Tan R. (2018). Rural Renewal of China in the Context of Rural-Urban Integration: Governance Fit and Performance Differences. Sustainability, Vol:10.
• Wilson S. ve Xiaorong Z. (2018). “Village Reconstruction in Rural China: The Importance of Being Urban.” China Quarterly.
• Aktuelarkeoloji (2018). Deprem Sonrası Guangmıng Köyündeki Yeniden Yapılanma Projesi, http://www.aktuelarkeoloji.com.tr/deprem-sonrasi-guangming-koyundeki-yeniden-yapilanma-projesi Erişim: 22.02.2019.
• URL1: https://tradingeconomics.com/china/rural-population-percent-of-total-population-wb-data.html Erişim: 22.02.2019.
• URL2: https://www.archdaily.com/802855/post-earthquake-reconstruction-demonstration-project-of-guangming-village-the-chinese-university-of-hong-kong-and-kunming-university-of-science-and-technology Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL3: http://web5.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/server1/staff1/edward/www/1u1v/files/CUHK/site_Guangming.html Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 4: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/12/01/movie-waf-world-building-of-year-winner-earthquake-resistant-video/ Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 5: Prof. NG, Yan Yung Edward akademik sayfası: http://www.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/person/ng-yan-yung-edward/ Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 6: https://www.archdaily.com/883888/guangming-post-earthquake-reconstruction-project-wins-world-building-of-the-year-2017 Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL7:https://www.architectural-review.com/today/ar-house-winners-revealed/10021150.article?blocktitle=NEWS-AR-House-winners&contentID=19048 Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 8: http://www.rufwork.org/index.php?/project/jintai-village/ Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 9: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/10/21/rural-urban-framework-builds-post-disaster-housing-china-rooftop-farms/ Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 10: http://edition.cnn.com/style/article/rural-urban-framework-innovative-design/index.html Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 11: https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/rural-urban-frameworks-post-disaster-housing-rooftop-farms.html Erişim: 20.01.2018.
• URL 12: http://currystonedesignprize.com/winners/hsieh-ying-chun/ Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 13: http://currystonedesignprize.com/2011-curry-stone-design-prize-winners-announced/ Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 14: https://www.architectureforpeople.org/architects/hsieh-ying-chun/ Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 15: https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/8521-yangliu-village-housing?v=preview Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 16: https://archinect.com/hsiehyingchun/project/postearthquake-reconstruction-yang-liu-village Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 17: https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2012/04/10/back-to-earth.html Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 18: http://web5.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/server1/staff1/edward/www/1u1v/files/fraternity/maanqiao.html Erişim: 21.01.2018.
• URL 19: https://www.world-habitat.org/world-habitat-awards/winners-and-finalists/sustainable-village-post-earthquake-reconstruction-and-rehabilitation-in-da-ping-village-sichuan/#award-content Erişim: 22.01.2018.
• URL 20: http://www.acyf.org.cn/2010-02/10/content_3380907.htm Erişim: 25.01.2018.
• URL 21: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2017-07/11/content_30064936_2.htm Erişim: 25.01.2018.
• URL 22: https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2018/05/10-years-since-the-devastating-2008-sichuan-earthquake/560066/ Erişim: 25.02.2019
• URL 23: https://www.amusingplanet.com/2014/06/beichuan-preserved-ruins-of-earthquake.html Erişim: 25.02.2019
• URL 24: https://www.afad.gov.tr/tr/2211/AFAD-Hakkinda Erişim: 24.02.2019
• Philips, T (2013). China earthquake: family buries boy by roadside as region mourns dead, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10008644/China-earthquake-family-buries-boy-by-roadside-as-region-mourns-dead.html Erişim: 24.02.2019
• XXI (2016). Kırsalın Geri Kazanımı, https://xxi.com.tr/i/kirsalin-geri-kazanimi Erişim: 23.01.2018
• Werner V. (2011). Post-Earthquake Reconstruction in Daping Village: Reconstructıon On Orıgınal Sites, https://issuu.com/virginia.werner/docs/dapingreportwernerlauhe-final Erişim: 24.02.2019
• China Perspectives, Special Features (2013). Vol:2. Ed: Hillman B. ve Unger J. OpenEdition Journals
• Villages in the City: A Guide to South China's Informal Settlements (2014). Ed: Stefan Al, Paul Chu Hoi Shan, Claudia Juhre, Ivan Valin, Casey Wang Hong Kong University Press.
• Wan L. (2013). Study of Built Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Poor Rural Areas of Southwest China. Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). The Chinese University of Hong Kong.