A Greenway Proposal that Supporting Urban Ecosystems: Case of Arhavi

Abstract

As a result of urbanization, qualified green-blue spaces are decreasing, and fragmentations occur in natural landscapes. Greenways are a strategic solution in creating sustainable and liveable cities and conserving fragmentation in landscapes. From this point on, in this study; it is aimed to planning a route that has natural and cultural resource values as a greenway that contribute to the green area system of the city, offer recreational activity areas to city residents, and protect historical-cultural values. An approximately 17 km waterfront corridor located in Arhavi district of Artvin city has chosen as the study area. Goal of the study is to support the existing urban ecosystem by offering different ecosystem services to both its users and the city because of planning a greenway by integrating a blue area with a green area. The study was carried out in 4 stages. In the first stage, field studies were carried out, SWOT analysis was made in the second stage, and in the third stage, corridors were defined and in the last stage, activities that could be performed in these corridors were determined and some suggestions were proposed. In addition, the ecosystem services that will be provided by the proposed greenway are stated in the study. Greenways are corridors that provide qualified green-blue spaces, provide recreation areas, protect landscape values, and contribute to the local economy through tourism. For this reason, it is vital to plan the greenways correctly.

Keywords

• Greenway
• Urban green-blue spaces
• SWOT analysis
• Arhavi

Kentsel Ekosistemleri Destekleyen Bir Yeşilyol Önerisi: Arhavi Örneğİ

Abstract

Kentleşme sonucu nitelikli yeşil-mavi alanlar azalmakta ve beraberinde doğal peyzajlarda parçalanmalar meydana gelmektedir. Yeşilyollar, sürdürülebilir ve yaşanabilir kentler oluşturmada ve peyzajlardaki parçalanmaları engellemede stratejik bir çözümdür. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada; doğal ve kültürel kaynak değerlerine sahip olan bir güzergâhın yeşilyol olarak planlanarak hem kentin yeşil alan sistemine katkıda bulunması, kent sakinlerine rekreasyonel açıdan aktivite alanı sunması hem de tarihi-kültürel değerlerin korunması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanı olarak Artvin kentinin Arhavi ilçesinde yer alan yaklaşık 17 km’lik su kenarı koridoru seçilmiştir. Çalışmada, mavi bir alanın yeşil bir alanla bütünleştirilerek yeşilyol olarak planlanması sonucu hem kullanıcılarına hem de kente farklı ekosistem servisleri sunarak mevcut kent ekosistemini desteklemesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma 4 aşamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Birinci aşamada arazi çalışmaları yapılmış, 2. aşamada GZFT analizi yapılmış ve 3. aşamada koridorlar tanımlanmış ve son aşamada ise bu koridorlarda gerçekleştirilebilecek etkinlikler belirlenerek önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Ayrıca çalışmada önerilen yeşilyol sayesinde sağlanacak ekosistem servisleri de belirtilmiştir. Yeşilyollar nitelikli yeşil-mavi alanlar kazandırarak rekreasyon alanları sağlayan, peyzaj değerlerini koruyan ve turizm sayesinde yerel ekonomiye katkı sunan koridorlardır. Bu nedenle yeşilyolların doğru bir şekilde planlanması önem arz etmektedir

Keywords

• Yeşilyol
• Kentsel yeşil-mavi alanlar
• GZFT analizi
• Arhavi

References

1. ACAR, C., SARI, D. 2010. Kentsel yerleşim alanlarındaki bitkilerin peyzajda kullanım tercihleri açısından değerlendirilmesi: Trabzon kenti örneği. Ekoloji, 19(74), 173-180.
2. AHERN, J. 2013. Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design. Landscape Ecology, 28(6), 1203–1212.
3. AKPINAR, A. 2016. Factors influencing the use of urban greenways: A case study of Aydın, Turkey. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 16, 123-131.
4. ANTHONY, W. 2006. Greenways: multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century. Landscape and Urban Planning 76 (1-4), 252–290.
5. BENEDICT, M.A.; MCMAHON, E. 2006. Green infrastructure: Linking landscapes and communities. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA. 2006, 299 pp . BENNETT, A.F. 2003. Linkages in the landscape the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation. The IUCN Forest Conservation Programme, Australia.
6. BİNYIL EKSOSİSTEM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ (MEA), (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, Washington, DC.
7. BUYUKOZKAN, G., MUKUL, E., KONGAR, E. 2020. Health tourism strategy selection via SWOT analysis and integrated hesitant fuzzy linguistic AHP-MABAC approach. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 100929 (In Press).
8. BRYANT, M. M. 2006. Urban landscape conservation and the role of ecological greenways at local and metropolitan scales. Landscape and Urban Planning, 76(1–4), 23–44.

9. CHEN, Y., GU, W., LIU, T., YUAN, L., ZENG, M. 2017. Increasing the Use of Urban Greenways in Developing Countries: A Case Study on Wutong Greenway in Shenzhen, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, 554.
10. CHON, J., AND SHAFER, C. S. 2009. Aesthetic responses to urban greenway trail environments. Landscape Research, 34(1), 83–104.
11. CORNING, S. E., MOWATT, R. A., CHARLES CHANCELLOR, H. 2012. Multiuse trails: benefits and concerns of residents and property owners. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 138(4), 277–285.
12. DALLAT, M. A. T., SOERJOMATARAM, I., HUNTER, R. F., TULLY, M. A., CAIRNS, K. J., KEE, F. 2014. Urban greenways have the potential to increase physical activity levels costeffectively. European Journal of Public Health, 24(2), 190–195.
13. EGWA (European Greenways Association), 2002. Declaration of Lille. www.aevv-egwa.org.
14. ESTOQUE, R.C., MURAYAMA, Y., MYINT, S.W. 2017. Effects of landscape composition and pattern on land surface temperature: an urban heat island study in the megacities of Southeast Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 577, 349–359.
15. FÁBOS, J.G., RYAN, R.L. 2006. An introduction to greenway planning around the world. Landscape and Urban Planning, 76(1), 1–6.
16. GOBSTER, P. H. 1995. Perception and use of a metropolitan greenway system for recreation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 33(1), 401–413.
17. GÖMELİ, D. 2018. Yerleşkelerde yeşilyol planlaması Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni Yerleşkesi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
18. FITZHUGH, E. C., BASSETT, D. R., EVANS, M. F. 2010. Urban trails and physical activity: A natural experiment. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 39(3), 259–262.
19. FORMAN, R.T.T. 1995. Land mosaics: The ecology of landscapes and regions. Cambridge University Pres.
20. JANG, M. KANG, C-D. 2015. Urban greenway and compact land use development: A multilevel assessment in Seoul, South Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning 143 (2015) 160–172.
21. KEITH, S.J., LARSON, L.R., SHAFER, C.S., HALLO, J.C., FERNANDEZ, M. 2018. Greenway use and preferences in diverse urban communities: Implications for trail design and management. Landscape and Urban Planning, 172, 47-59.
22. KURT, S.S. 2013. Amasya kenti için yeşilırmak koridorunu içine alan bir kentsel yeşilyol önerisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
23. LITTLE, C.E., 1990. Greenways for America. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. pp.237.
24. LITTLE, C.E., 1995. Greenways for America (Creating the North American Landscape). Johns Hopkins Universtity Press, Baltimore, MD, United States pp. 288.
25. LIU, X., ZHU, Z., JIN, L., WANG, L., HUANG, C. 2018. Measuring patterns and mechanism of greenway use – A case from Guangzhou, China. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 34, 55–63.
26. LIU, Z., LIN, Y., DE MEULDER, B., WANG, S. 2020. Heterogeneous landscapes of urban greenways in Shenzhen: Traffic impact, corridor width and land use. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 55, 126785.
27. LOW CHOY, D.C. 2009. A joined-up regional landscape: A Roadmap to connect the parts. Breaking the Barriers: Engineering Solutions to Ecological Problems, Urban Research Program, Griffith University.
28. NGO, V.D., FRANK, L.D., BIGAZZI, A.Y. 2018. Effects of new urban greenways on transportation energy use and greenhouse gas emissions: a longitudinal study from Vancouver, Canada. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 62, 715-725.
29. NOSS, R.F. 1987. Corridors ın real landscape: A reply to simberloff and cox. Conservation Biology, 1(2), 159-164.PALARDYA, N.P., BOLEYA, B.B., GAITHER. C.J. 2018. Residents and urban greenways: Modeling support for the Atlanta BeltLine. Landscape and Urban Planning, 169, 250–259.
30. PANEERCHELVAM, P. T., MARUTHAVEERAN, S., MAULAN, S., SHUKOR, S.F.A. 2020. The use and associated constraints of urban greenway from a socioecological perspective: A systematic review. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 47, 126508.
31. QIN, X., 2012. The comparative study on the Chinese greenway and the American greenway. Landscape Architecture. Beijing Forest University, Beijing pp. 91. (in Chinese).
32. ROVELLI, R., SENES, G., FUMAGALLI, N., SACCO, J., DE MONTIS, A. 2020. From railways to greenways: a complex index for supporting policymaking and planning. A case study in Piedmont (Italy). Land Use Policy 99, 104835. SENES, G., ROVELLI, R., BERTONI, D., ARATA, L., FUMAGALLI, N., TOCCOLINI, A. 2017. Factors influencing greenways use: Definition of a method for estimation in the Italian context. Journal of Transport Geography, 65, 175–187.
33. SHAFER, C.S., LEE, B.K., TURNER, S. 2000. A tale of three greenway trails: user perceptions related to quality of life. Landscape and Urban Planning, 49 (3–4), 163–178.
34. SHIFLETT, S.A., LIANG, L.L., CRUM, S.M., FEYISA, G.L., WANG, J., JENERETTE, G.D. 2017. Variation in the urban vegetation, surface temperature, air temperature nexus. Science of the Total Environment, 579, 495–505.
35. SIMS-GOULD, J., RACE, D.L., VASAYA, N., MCKAYA, H.A. 2019. A new urban greenway in Vancouver, British Columbia: Adolescents’ perspectives, experiences and vision for the future. Journal of Transport and Health, 15, 100620.
36. TAYLOR, P., 2015. What factors make rail trails successful as tourism attractions? Developing a conceptual framework from relevant literature. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 12, 89–98.
37. WEBER, S., BOLEY, B.B., PALARDY, N., GAITHER, C.J. 2017. The impact of urban greenways on residential concerns: Findings from the Atlanta BeltLine Trail. Landscape and Urban Planning 167, 147–156.
38. YU, Z., YAO, Y., YANG, G., WANG, X., VEJRE, H. 2019. Spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of remotely sensed regional heat islands during the rapid urbanization (1995–2015) of Southern China. Science of the Total Environment, 674, 242–254.
39. YU, Z., YANGA, G., ZUO, S., JØRGENSEN, G., KOGA, M., VEJREA, H. 2020. Critical review on the cooling effect of urban blue-green space: A thresholdsize perspective. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 49, 126630.
40. ZENGİN, M., DOĞAN, D., ÖZDEDE, S. 2019. Yeşil Yol Planlama: Denizli Pamukkale İlçesi Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 166-175.