Biyofilik Tasarım Parametrelerinin Ağırlıklarının SWARA Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma son dönemde tüm dünyanın maruz kaldığı COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte insan-mekan-doğa ilişkisinin insan psikolojisindeki yeri ve etkileri üzerine literatürde yer alan ampirik deneylerle oluşturulmuş biyofilik tasarım parametrelerinin ağırlık katsayılarının ölçülmesi üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Karar verme ve performans değerlendirme süreçlerinde kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesi için kullanılan SWARA yöntemi ile, literatürde 3 ana başlık ve 14 temel parametre altında ele alınan biyofilik tasarım parametrelerinin ağırlıklarının hesaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu maksatla, 40 kişilik ulusal ve uluslarası düzeyde akademik ve uygulama yapan mimara bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen anket sonuçları SWARA yönteminde kullanılmış ve biyofilik tasarım parametrelerinin ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre literatürde yer alan parametrelerden manzara (geniş görüş alanı), doğa ile görsel bağlantı ve doğal sistem ve süreçlerle bağlantı parametreleri en önemli tasarım parametreleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen bu sonuçların ilerleyen çalışmalarda kullanılması ve “Biyofilik Ayaz İzi” veya “Biyofilik Yeterlilik Katsayısı” gibi kavramların literatüre kazandırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Biyofilik Tasarım
• Biyofilik Tasarım Parametreleri
• SWARA
• Biyofilik Yeterlilik Katsayısı

Determining The Weights of Biophilic Design Parameters via SWARA Method

Abstract

This study is conducted to determine the weights of biophilic design parameters created by empirical experiments in the literature and the effects of the human-space-nature relationship in human psychology, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic that the whole world has been exposed to. It is aimed to calculate the weights of biophilic design parameters, that are discussed under 3 main headings and 14 basic parameters in the literature by using the SWARA method, which is used to determine criteria weights in decision making and performance evaluation processes. Accordingly, a survey has been conducted on 40 national and international architects working for both academic and non-academic environments. The survey results are used in the SWARA method and the weights of the biophilic design parameters are determined. According to the results obtained, prospect (wide panorama), visual connection with the nature and connection with the natural system parameters and processes are determined as the most important design parameters to determine the effects of human-space-nature relationship in human psychology. It is also aimed to use these results in further studies to establish and to develop the concepts like "Biophilic Footprint" or "Biophilic Efficiency Coefficient" in the architectural literature.

Keywords

• Biophilic Design
• Biophilic Design Parameters
• SWARA
• Biophilic Efficiency Coefficient

References

1. Ajalli, M., Mozaffari, M. M., & Salahshori, R. (2019). Ranking the suppliers using a combined SWARA-FVIKOR approach. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(1), 907–915.
2. Aytac Adalı, E., & Tus Isık, A. (2017). Bir tedarikçi seçim problemi için SWARA ve WASPAS yöntemlerine dayanan karar verme yaklaşımı. International Review of Economics and Management, 5(4), 35–72. https://doi.org/10.18825/iremjournal.335408
3. Bas, M. Hantal, T., & Balci, M. B. (2020). İşletmelerin finansal performanslarının SWARA, ARAS ve TOPSIS tekniği ile karşılaştırılması: BIST teknoloji endeksi uygulaması. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 24(81), 265–291. https://doi.org/10.17753/Ekev1339
4. Browning, W. D., Ryan, C. O., & Clancy, J. O. (2014). 14 Patterns of biophilic design. New York, New York, USA: Terrapin Bright Green, LLC.
5. Cetin, M. (2013). Green technologies and business practices: An IT approach. Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos (Ed.), Not madness but business: A green paradigm shift in architecture and building industry (pp. 96-127). Universidad de Oviedo, Spain.
6. Chauhan, H., Satapathy, S., & Sahoo, A. K. (2021). An integrated SWARA and QFD approach to minimize mental stress of Indian farmers. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 12(2), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSSMET.2021030107
7. Durmaz, K., & Gencer, C. (2019). A new method in stochastic multi-criteria decision making: SWARA-SMAA-2 and an application. Journal of Aeronautics and Space Technologies, 12(2), 129–135.
8. Eris, E., & Basyazici, B. (2013). Noktasal-düzlemsel karşıtlığında mimarlıkta sürdürülebilirlik kavramını yeniden düşünmek. 8th International Symposium on Architect Sinan; Awareness.

9. Fromm, E. O. (1964). The Heartt of Man. UK: Harper&Row.
10. Heidary Dahooie, J., Beheshti Jazan Abadi, E., Vanaki, A. S., & Firoozfar, H. R. (2018). Competency-based IT personnel selection using a hybrid SWARA and ARAS-G methodology. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 28(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20713
11. Jaber, A. Z. (2019). Assessment risk in construction projects in Iraq using COPRAS-SWARA combined method. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54(4). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.4.28
12. Karabasevic, D., Stanujkic, D., Urosevic, S., Popovic, G., & Maksimovic, M. (2017). An approach to criteria weights determination by integrating the DELPHI and the adapted SWARA methods. Management:Journal of Sustainable Business and Management Solutions in Emerging Economies, 22(3), 15. https://doi.org/10.7595/management.fon.2017.0024
13. Kellert, S. R., & Calabrese, E. (2015). The practice of biophilic design. Retrieved from www.biophilic-design.com
14. Keršulienė, V., & Turskis, Z. (2011). Integrated fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making model for architect selection. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 17(4), 645–666.
15. Keršulienė, Violeta, Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2010.12
16. Khalili, J., & Alinezhad, A. (2020). Performance evaluation in aggregate production planning using integrated RED-SWARA method under uncertain condition. Scientia Iranica. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2020.50202.1584
17. Krcmarova, J. E. O. (2009). Wilson’s concept of biophilia and the environmental movement in the USA. Internet Journal of Historical Geography and Environmental History, 6(5).
18. Stanujkic, D., Karabasevic, D., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). A framework for the selection of a packaging design based on the SWARA method. Engineering Economics, 26(2), 181–187.
19. Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia: The human bond with other species. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
20. Wilson, E. O. (1993). The biophilia hypothesis (S. Kellert & E. O. Wilson, Eds.). Washington DC.
21. Wilson, E. O. (1994). Naturalist. Washington DC.
22. Yucenur, G. N., & Ipekci, A. (2021). SWARA/WASPAS methods for a marine current energy plant location selection problem. Renewable Energy, 163, 1287–1298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.131
23. Yurdoglu, H., & Kundakcı, N. (2017). Server selection with SWARA and WASPAS methods. Balıkesir University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 20(38), 253–269.
24. Zavadskas, E. K., Stevic, Ž., Tanackov, I., & Prentkovskis, O. (2018). A novel multicriteria approach – rough step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis method (R-SWARA) and its application in logistics. Studies in Informatics and Control, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.24846/v27i1y201810
25. Zolfani, S. H., & Banihashemi, S. S. A. (2014). Personnel selection based on a novel model of game theory and MCDM approaches. 8th International Scientific Conference Business and Management.