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Biyofilik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Arakesitinde: Yeni Alışveriş Mekan ve Deneyimleri

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1043 - 1058, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.982905

Abstract

70’li yıllardan itibaren Neoliberal politikaların etkileri hayatın her alanına, özellikle de kentlere nüfuz etmiştir. Temel vurguları değişim olan küreselleşmenin ve tüketici iletişim merkezi olan postmodern kültürün etkisinde tasarlanan kentler ve mekanları; kurmaca, uçucu ve değişken kimlikleri nedeniyle eleştirilmektedirler. Öte yandan, küresel dünyada güncel eğilimler ile uygulamaları değişen tüketici alışkanlıkları ve beklentileri çerçevesinde yorumlayabilen, aynı zamanda yenilikçi senaryolar ile deneyim kurgularına ev sahipliği yapabilen mekanlar, kent dokusuna nitelikli bir biçimde eklemlenebilmektedirler. Çeşitli markaların, özellikle teknoloji odaklı şirketlerin, fiziksel ve dijital deneyimin akıcı bir şekilde iç içe geçtiği kurguları benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Son dönemde pandemi nedeniyle sağlıklı çevrelerde bulunma zorunluluğunun ortaya çıkmış, kamusal mekanın uzantısı olan kapalı alışveriş merkezlerinde ya da kentin açık alanlarında konumlanan perakende mağazalarında, fiziki ve dijital deneyimler için alternatif arayışları başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kentte ticari faaliyetlerin yer aldığı farklı ölçeklerdeki alışveriş mekanlarının deneyiminde biyofilik tasarım unsurlarının değerini göstermektir. Alan çalışmasında, ünlü bir Türk tüketici elektroniği markasına ait olan ve İstanbul’un en önemli turizm ve alışveriş alanlarından birinde yer alan bir deneyim mağazasına ait konsept tasarımı ele alınmaktadır. Mağazanın iç mimari tasarım çözümleri, 14 temel biyofilik tasarım kriteri çerçevesinde sınıflandırılmakta ve mağaza çalışanları üzerindeki etkileri derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılarak sorgulanmaktadır. Görüşme soruları, çalışanların mevcut mağazaya yönelik değerlendirmeleri ile yeni mağaza konsepti ve düzenlemesine dair değerlendirmeleri hakkındadır. Bulgular, ticari faaliyetlerle iç içe geçmiş kent mekanlarında yer alan ve kentin yer-doğa-teknoloji örüntüsü içerisinde kurgulanan biyofilik deneyimlerin değerini göstermektedir. Sonuç bölümünde, kentin alışveriş mekanlarında bir 'yaşam mimarisi'ni mümkün kılan biyofilik tasarım kriterlerine ve biyofilik tasarım ilkeleri arasında dijital doğa (teknobiyofili) olgusunun gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır.

Thanks

Araştırmaya esas teşkil eden alan çalışması verilerini paylaşan I-AM Istanbul | Uluslararası Deneyim Tasarımı Ajansı’na teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S. ve Silverstein, M. (1977). A Pattern Language: Oxford University Press. New York.
  • Auge, M. (1995) Non-Places Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London: Verso Books.ş.
  • Barbour, I. G. (1973). Western man and environmental ethics: Attitudes toward nature and technology.
  • Bekoglu, F. B. ve Ergen, A. (2016). Reflections of Changing Consumer Trends and Technological Developments on Retailing. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 5(2), 59-70.
  • BrandFinance. (2021). GLOBAL 500 2021, The annual report on the most valuable and strongest global brand https://brandirectory.com/rankings/global/
  • BrandFinance. (2021). TURKEY 100 2021, Türkiye’nin en değerli ve en güçlü markaları raporu https://brandirectory.com/download-report/brand-finance-turkey-100-2021-full-report.pdf
  • Commoner, B. (1971). The closing circle: nature, man, and technology. Courier Dover Publications.
  • Cramer, J.S. ve Browning, W.D. (2008). Transforming Building Practices through Biophilic Design. In: Kellert, S.F. Heerwagen, J.H.ve Mador, M. L. (Eds.), Biophilic Design, pp. 335–346. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Çorakçı, R. E. (2016). İç mimarlıkta biyofilik tasarım ilkelerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora Tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi].
  • Dawood, S. (2016). Apple reveals new store concept featuring living “green wall” and public workspace, https://www.designweek.co.uk/issues/16-22-may-2016/apple-reveals-new-store-concept-with-green-wall-and-public-workspace-in-san-francisco/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2021
  • Duarte, T., Smaniotto Costa, C., Mateus, D., Menezes, M. ve Bahillo, A. (2015). Pervasive open public spaces–the amalgamation of information and communication technologies into open public spaces. Reflections of the COST Action–TU 1306 CyberParks. Projects for an inclusive city. Social integration through urban growth strategies, 212-225.
  • Duman, Y. Ü. (2012). Antikçağdan Günümüze Kent Ütopyaları. İDEALKENT, 3(5), 8-37. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/idealkent/issue/36638/417084
  • Dunlap, R. E. ve Catton Jr., W. R. (1979). Environmental sociology. Annual review of sociology, 5(1), 243-273.
  • Dunlap, R. E. ve Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The “New Environmental Paradigm”, The Journal of Environmental Education, 9:4, 10-19, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875
  • Erjavec, I. Š. ve Costa, C. S. (2015). Cyberparks Challenges. In New Digital Media For Attractive Urban Open Spaces. Keeping Up With Technologies To Make Healthy Places.
  • Fromm, E. (1964). The Heart of Man. Harperve Row.
  • Fromm, E. (1973). The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Futuristarastirma (2021). Kalitatif(Nitel) Araştırmalar. http://www.futuristarastirma.com/kalitatif-2/ Erişim Tarihi: 03.07.2021
  • Hartmans, A. (2016). Apple's Angela Ahrendts Wants Stores to Resemble 'Town Squares', https://www.businessinsider.com/angela-ahrendts-apple-stores-social-2016-8, Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2021
  • Heerwagen, J. ve Hase, B. (2001). Building biophilia: Connecting people to nature in building design. Environmental Design and Construction, 3, 30-36.
  • Kaplan, R., Kaplan S. ve Ryan, R. L. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington: Island Press. 1-6, 67-107.
  • Kellert, S. R. (1993). The biological basis for human values of nature. The biophilia hypothesis, 42-69.
  • Kellert, S. R. (2008). Chapter 1: Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design. In Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J. ve Mador, M. (2008). Biophilic design: The theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
  • Kortan, E. (1983). Le Corbusier gözüyle Türk mimarlik ve sehirciligi. Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • KPMG (2021). KPMG Perspektifinden Perakende Sektörüne Bakış – 2021. https://home.kpmg/tr/tr/home/gorusler/2021/03/kpmg-perspektifinden-perakende-sektorune-bakis-2021.html
  • Le, C. (1971). The city of tomorrow and its planning. London: Architectural Press. Translated by Etchells, F.
  • Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city (Vol. 11). MIT press.
  • Marte, E., Calumpit, A., de Sá Bessa, B., Toledo, A., Fadda, R. ve Skoler, T. (2020). Testing Reliability of Biophilic Design Matrix Within Urban Residential Playrooms. Frontiers in PSsychology, 11, 2987.
  • McGee, B., Park, N., Portillo, M., Bosch, S. ve Swisher, M. (2019). Diy Biophilia: Development of the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix as a Design Tool. Journal of Interior Design. 2019, 44, 201–221.
  • Meadows, D. H., Randers, J. ve Meadows, D. L. (1972). The Limits to Growth. Yale University Press.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci-Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, Rizzoli, New York.
  • Özerkmen, N. (2002). İnsan Merkezli Çevre Anlayışından Doğa Merkezli Çevre Anlayışına, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 42,1-2 (2002) 167-185.
  • skdturkiye (2016). 100 Maddede Sürdürülebilirlik Rehberi http://www.skdturkiye.org/files/yayin/100-maddede-surdurulebilirlik-rehberi.pdf
  • Terrapin Bright Green (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design Improving Healthve Well-Being in the Built Environment. https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/14-Patterns-of-Biophilic-Design-Terrapin-2014p.pdf
  • Thomas, S. (2013). Technobiophilia: Nature and cyberspace. A&C Black.
  • Thompson, C. W. (2002) Urban open space in the 21st century, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 60, Issue 2, Pages 59-72, ISSN 0169-2046, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00059-2.
  • Totaforti, S. (2020). Emerging Biophilic Urbanism: The Value of the Human – Nature Relationship in the Urban Space. Sustainability. 2020; 12(13):5487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135487
  • Ulrich, R.S., Simons, R.F., Losito, B.D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M.A.ve Zelson, M. (1991). Stress Recovery During Exposure to Natural and Urban Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology 11, 201-230.
  • Url 1: Best Apple Store Architecture https://tr.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=BEST%20APPLE%20STORE%20ARCH%C4%B0TECTURE&rs=typed&term_meta[]=BEST%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=APPLE%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=STORE%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=ARCH%C4%B0TECTURE%7Ctyped, Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2021
  • Url 2: Turkcell Sürdürülebilirlik Raporu 2017 https://ungc-production.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/cop_2018/466635/original/turkcell_UNGC_2017. pdf?1535354425, Erişim Tarihi: 8.10.2021
  • Url 3: Bilimsel Araştırma Teknikleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitüketici iletişim merkezi Fakültesi, http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/kok/bilimselarastirmateknikleri.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021
  • Url 4: I-AM Istanbul | Uluslararası Deneyim Tasarımı Ajansı, https://i-amonline.com.tr/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.07.2021
  • Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.
  • Zumthor, P. (2006). Thinking Architecture, Birkhäuser, Basel. Boston. Berlin.

At the Edge of Biophilic Design and Technology: New Shopping Venues and Experiences

Year 2021, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 1043 - 1058, 25.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.982905

Abstract

Since the 1970s, the effects of neoliberal policies have penetrated all areas of life, especially cities. Cities and places designed under the influence of globalization and postmodern culture, whose main emphasis are change and consumption respectively; have been criticized for their fictional, volatile and variable identities. On the other hand, spaces, that can interpret current trends and practices within the framework of changing consumer habits and expectations in the global world and host innovative scenarios and experience fictions, can be articulated to the urban fabric in a qualified way. It is seen that various brands, especially technology-oriented companies, adopt fictions that intertwine physical and digital experiences fluently. Recently, due to the pandemic, the necessity of being in healthy environments has emerged, thus, brands have started searching for alternative physical and digital experiences in indoor shopping malls, which are extensions of public space, or in retail stores located in open areas of the city. This study aims to show the value of biophilic design elements in the spatial experience of different-scale shopping venues in the city. In the field study, the concept design of an experience store that belongs to a well-known Turkish consumer electronics brand and is located in an important tourism and shopping destination of Istanbul is discussed. The interior design solutions of the store are classified within the framework of 14 basic biophilic design criteria and their effects on the store employees are questioned using in-depth interview technique. The interview questions are about the employees' evaluations of the old store design and their evaluations of the new store concept and arrangement. The findings reveal the value of biophilic experiences that take place in urban spaces intertwined with commercial activities and are constructed within the place-nature-technology pattern of the city. The conclusion part highlights the need for biophilic design criteria that enables a 'living architecture' in shopping venues of the city and for digital nature (technobiophilia) phenomenon to be emphasized among biophilic design guidelines.

References

  • Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S. ve Silverstein, M. (1977). A Pattern Language: Oxford University Press. New York.
  • Auge, M. (1995) Non-Places Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London: Verso Books.ş.
  • Barbour, I. G. (1973). Western man and environmental ethics: Attitudes toward nature and technology.
  • Bekoglu, F. B. ve Ergen, A. (2016). Reflections of Changing Consumer Trends and Technological Developments on Retailing. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 5(2), 59-70.
  • BrandFinance. (2021). GLOBAL 500 2021, The annual report on the most valuable and strongest global brand https://brandirectory.com/rankings/global/
  • BrandFinance. (2021). TURKEY 100 2021, Türkiye’nin en değerli ve en güçlü markaları raporu https://brandirectory.com/download-report/brand-finance-turkey-100-2021-full-report.pdf
  • Commoner, B. (1971). The closing circle: nature, man, and technology. Courier Dover Publications.
  • Cramer, J.S. ve Browning, W.D. (2008). Transforming Building Practices through Biophilic Design. In: Kellert, S.F. Heerwagen, J.H.ve Mador, M. L. (Eds.), Biophilic Design, pp. 335–346. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Çorakçı, R. E. (2016). İç mimarlıkta biyofilik tasarım ilkelerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora Tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi].
  • Dawood, S. (2016). Apple reveals new store concept featuring living “green wall” and public workspace, https://www.designweek.co.uk/issues/16-22-may-2016/apple-reveals-new-store-concept-with-green-wall-and-public-workspace-in-san-francisco/, Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2021
  • Duarte, T., Smaniotto Costa, C., Mateus, D., Menezes, M. ve Bahillo, A. (2015). Pervasive open public spaces–the amalgamation of information and communication technologies into open public spaces. Reflections of the COST Action–TU 1306 CyberParks. Projects for an inclusive city. Social integration through urban growth strategies, 212-225.
  • Duman, Y. Ü. (2012). Antikçağdan Günümüze Kent Ütopyaları. İDEALKENT, 3(5), 8-37. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/idealkent/issue/36638/417084
  • Dunlap, R. E. ve Catton Jr., W. R. (1979). Environmental sociology. Annual review of sociology, 5(1), 243-273.
  • Dunlap, R. E. ve Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The “New Environmental Paradigm”, The Journal of Environmental Education, 9:4, 10-19, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.1978.10801875
  • Erjavec, I. Š. ve Costa, C. S. (2015). Cyberparks Challenges. In New Digital Media For Attractive Urban Open Spaces. Keeping Up With Technologies To Make Healthy Places.
  • Fromm, E. (1964). The Heart of Man. Harperve Row.
  • Fromm, E. (1973). The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  • Futuristarastirma (2021). Kalitatif(Nitel) Araştırmalar. http://www.futuristarastirma.com/kalitatif-2/ Erişim Tarihi: 03.07.2021
  • Hartmans, A. (2016). Apple's Angela Ahrendts Wants Stores to Resemble 'Town Squares', https://www.businessinsider.com/angela-ahrendts-apple-stores-social-2016-8, Erişim Tarihi: 01.08.2021
  • Heerwagen, J. ve Hase, B. (2001). Building biophilia: Connecting people to nature in building design. Environmental Design and Construction, 3, 30-36.
  • Kaplan, R., Kaplan S. ve Ryan, R. L. (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington: Island Press. 1-6, 67-107.
  • Kellert, S. R. (1993). The biological basis for human values of nature. The biophilia hypothesis, 42-69.
  • Kellert, S. R. (2008). Chapter 1: Dimensions, Elements, and Attributes of Biophilic Design. In Kellert, S. R., Heerwagen, J. ve Mador, M. (2008). Biophilic design: The theory, science, and practice of bringing buildings to life. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.
  • Kortan, E. (1983). Le Corbusier gözüyle Türk mimarlik ve sehirciligi. Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi.
  • KPMG (2021). KPMG Perspektifinden Perakende Sektörüne Bakış – 2021. https://home.kpmg/tr/tr/home/gorusler/2021/03/kpmg-perspektifinden-perakende-sektorune-bakis-2021.html
  • Le, C. (1971). The city of tomorrow and its planning. London: Architectural Press. Translated by Etchells, F.
  • Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city (Vol. 11). MIT press.
  • Marte, E., Calumpit, A., de Sá Bessa, B., Toledo, A., Fadda, R. ve Skoler, T. (2020). Testing Reliability of Biophilic Design Matrix Within Urban Residential Playrooms. Frontiers in PSsychology, 11, 2987.
  • McGee, B., Park, N., Portillo, M., Bosch, S. ve Swisher, M. (2019). Diy Biophilia: Development of the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix as a Design Tool. Journal of Interior Design. 2019, 44, 201–221.
  • Meadows, D. H., Randers, J. ve Meadows, D. L. (1972). The Limits to Growth. Yale University Press.
  • Norberg-Schulz, C. (1980). Genius Loci-Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture, Rizzoli, New York.
  • Özerkmen, N. (2002). İnsan Merkezli Çevre Anlayışından Doğa Merkezli Çevre Anlayışına, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 42,1-2 (2002) 167-185.
  • skdturkiye (2016). 100 Maddede Sürdürülebilirlik Rehberi http://www.skdturkiye.org/files/yayin/100-maddede-surdurulebilirlik-rehberi.pdf
  • Terrapin Bright Green (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design Improving Healthve Well-Being in the Built Environment. https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/14-Patterns-of-Biophilic-Design-Terrapin-2014p.pdf
  • Thomas, S. (2013). Technobiophilia: Nature and cyberspace. A&C Black.
  • Thompson, C. W. (2002) Urban open space in the 21st century, Landscape and Urban Planning, Volume 60, Issue 2, Pages 59-72, ISSN 0169-2046, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00059-2.
  • Totaforti, S. (2020). Emerging Biophilic Urbanism: The Value of the Human – Nature Relationship in the Urban Space. Sustainability. 2020; 12(13):5487. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135487
  • Ulrich, R.S., Simons, R.F., Losito, B.D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M.A.ve Zelson, M. (1991). Stress Recovery During Exposure to Natural and Urban Environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology 11, 201-230.
  • Url 1: Best Apple Store Architecture https://tr.pinterest.com/search/pins/?q=BEST%20APPLE%20STORE%20ARCH%C4%B0TECTURE&rs=typed&term_meta[]=BEST%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=APPLE%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=STORE%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=ARCH%C4%B0TECTURE%7Ctyped, Erişim Tarihi: 19.06.2021
  • Url 2: Turkcell Sürdürülebilirlik Raporu 2017 https://ungc-production.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/attachments/cop_2018/466635/original/turkcell_UNGC_2017. pdf?1535354425, Erişim Tarihi: 8.10.2021
  • Url 3: Bilimsel Araştırma Teknikleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitüketici iletişim merkezi Fakültesi, http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/kok/bilimselarastirmateknikleri.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021
  • Url 4: I-AM Istanbul | Uluslararası Deneyim Tasarımı Ajansı, https://i-amonline.com.tr/, Erişim Tarihi: 01.07.2021
  • Wilson, E. O. (1984). Biophilia. Harvard University Press.
  • Zumthor, P. (2006). Thinking Architecture, Birkhäuser, Basel. Boston. Berlin.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Suzan Girgin Kayaakdag 0000-0003-2035-0369

Publication Date December 25, 2021
Submission Date August 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Girgin Kayaakdag, S. (2021). Biyofilik Tasarım ve Teknoloji Arakesitinde: Yeni Alışveriş Mekan ve Deneyimleri. Kent Akademisi, 14(4), 1043-1058. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.982905

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