Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Yaşayan Dünya Mirası Geleneksel Kent Dokusunun Oluşumu (İran-Tebriz’in Tarihi Kapalı Çarşı Kompleksi)

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 1212 - 1234, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1206662

Abstract

Tarihi kentler geçmişin mimari mirası olarak, yaşam biçimini ve medeniyetlerin nasıl evrildiğini göstermektedir. Geçmişten günümüze pek çok biriktirilmiş bilgi ve detaylar aktarmaktadırlar. Diğer anlamıyla, kentleri oluşturan mekanlar kapsamlı analiz edildiğinde barındırdığı değerler, anlaşılmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişme yanı sıra sürdürülebilir sosyal gelişme için bahsedilen bilgilerin irdelenmesi önem taşımaktadır. İslam mimarisine sahip olan kentlerdeki mekanlardan bahsedilirken çarşılar farklı mimari özellikleri ile geçmişte ve günümüzde, kentlerin günlük yaşamında önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar Bu araştırmada, Tebriz'in tarihi çarşı kompleksi ele alınmış ve çalışmanın alanı belirledikten sonra fiziksel ve sosyal yapısı analiz edilip günümüz sorun ve olanakları tanımlayarak, değişim süreci değerlendirilmiştir. Tebriz'in tarihi çarşı kompleksi, yedi yüzyıl boyunca ticari ve kültürel alışverişler için Asya'da ve Dünyada en önemli uluslararası kentsel alanlardan biri olmuştur. Tarihi çarşının mimari özellikleri ve stratejik coğrafi konumu nedeniyle İpek Yolu üzerinde doğu-batı ticaret yolunda da etkin izler bırakmıştır. Kapalı çarşının geçmişine bakıldığında Selçuklular, İlhanlılar, Kara-koyunlu Türkmenleri, Ak-koyunlu Türkmenleri, Safeviler, Osmanlı ve Kaçar devri gibi tarihi dönem izlerini görmekteyiz. Bu dönemlerin her birinin ayrı ayrı çarşının gerek oluşumunda gerekse gelişmesinde etkileri olmuştur. Tebriz'in tarihi çarşı kompleksi dünyanın en büyük tuğla ile inşa edilmiş kapalı çarşısı olarak UNESCO dünya mirası listesinde yer almaktadır. Araştırmada, Tebriz kenti ticari kesiminde seçilen alanın özellikleri, karakteristiği ve mekansal oluşumundaki fiziksel ve sosyal ilişkisinin anlaşılması için arşivlerden belge araştırma, alan çalışması, fiziksel ve sosyal anketlerle analizler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilmiş, alanın günümüzde büyük ölçüde geleneksel özelliklerinin varlığını sürdürdüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın ileri aşamada planlanacak olan tarihi kent merkezi koruma geliştirme projeleri için katkı sağlayacak ve temel oluşturacak değerde bilgi aktaracağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Beg Munshi, E.(2003). Tarikh-e Alamara-ye Abbasi, Corrected byIraj Afshar. Tehran, Amir Kabir Publications, p.256.
  • Chelebi, Evliya, (1959). Seyahatname Evliya Çalabi, Corrected by Hossein Nakhjavani. Tabriz, Shafaq Publication, P.16.
  • Dehkhodā, A. A., (1993). Persian Dictionary, 13th Volume, Tehran, Tehran University Press, P. 19404.
  • Dumont, P. and Georgeon F., (1999). The Ottoman Cities During the Modernization Process. 2nd Edition, Translated by: A. Berktay. İstanbul: History Foundation Domestic Publications.
  • Faroqhi, S., (2000). The Cities and City People in the Ottoman. İstanbul: History Foundation Domestic Publications.
  • Flanden, Eugene (1977). Eugene Flandin's travelogue, translated by Noor Sadeghi, Ishraqi Publications, Tehran, pp. 83-67.
  • Gabriel, A., (1928). Etapesd’uneCampagnedans les deuxIrakd’apre sun manuscript Turc du XVIeslecle in: Syria Tome9. Fascicule, (4), pp. 53-55.
  • Gharipour, M., (2012). The Bazaars in Islamic City: Design, Culture and History. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo.
  • Guichard, P., (1997). Suk, in the Muslim West. Encyclopedia of Islam, Ed., Bosworth, C.E., Vandonzel, E., W.P. Heinrichs, W.P., G. Legomte, 4, pp. 789-791.
  • Habibi, L., Mahmoudi Pati F., (2017).From Bazaar to Shopping Centers: Analysis of the Evolution of Modern Commercial Spaces in Tehran, The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism, vol.14/No.49, Tehran, p. 15.
  • Haghparast F., Esmaeili Sangari H. (2018). Manage the World Heritage Sites in Tabriz, relying on popular participation, Urban Management Journal, No.50, Spring, pp. 145-162.
  • Hashri Tabrizi B., Molla Mohammad A., (1992). Rozat-al Athar (1011 AH), Corrected by Aziz Dolatabadi. Tabriz: Sutudeh Publications, p. 256.
  • Hasol, D., (1975). EncyclopedicDictionary of Architecture, Advanced 13th Edition, İstanbul: YEM Publication, 2014.
  • Hojbar Nobari, A., (1999). Report of archaeological excavations around the Blue Mosque, Tabriz Cultural Heritage Archive, p. 6.
  • İbrahimgil, A., (2018). Traditional Urban Pattern Investigation and Protection Proposal in Skopje, Macedonia. Ph. D. Thesis, Ankara: Gazi University, p. 116.
  • İnalcık, H., (1997). The Pearl of İstanbul: Bedesten Mustafa Özel (prep.), Economics and Religion. İstanbul: İz Publication, pp. 119–136.
  • Kejanlı, D., (2010). Anadolu’da Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemlerinde Kent Sistemi, Kale ve Merkez-Çarşı gelişimi, E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5 (3), pp. 287-303.
  • Kuban, D., (1968). Some Observations on the Anatolian-Turkish City, its Development and Social and Physical Characteristics, Foundations Journal, no. 7, pp. 53–73, İstanbul.
  • Kubat, A.S., (2010). The study of urban form in Turkey. Sixteenth International Seminar on Urban Form, Guangzhou, China, 4 -7 September 2009. Urban Morphology (2010) 14(1), pp. 31-48.
  • Minorsky, V., (1958). History of Tabriz, translated by Abdul Ali Karang, Tabriz, p. 34.
  • Omrani, B.,Esmaeeli, H., (2006). Bafte Tarikhi-ye Shahre Tabriz, Tehran, Samira Publications, p. 68.
  • Özdeş, G., (1998). The Turkish Markets. Ankara: Tepe Publication, p. 265.
  • Tehrani, F., Parsi, F., and Banimasood, A., (2007). Reading the historical maps of Tabriz.Tehran: Iran Urban Development and Improvement Company.
  • Zoka, Y., (1989). Tabriz in the cities of Iran, by the efforts of Mohammad Yousef Kiani, vol.3, Jahad University, Tehran, p. 154-162.
  • Url.1: http://www.css.ir/en
  • Url. 2: https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398
  • Url. 3: https://akharinkhabar.ir/photo/5187130/1398

The Formation of Living World Heritage Traditional Urban Pattern (Case Study: Iran-Tabriz Grand Bazaar Complex)

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 1212 - 1234, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1206662

Abstract

Historical urban pattern, as the architectural heritage of the past, shows the way of life and how civilizations have evolved. They convey much-accumulated information and details from the past to the present. In other words, their values are understood when the places that formed the cities are analyzed comprehensively. It is essential to examine the information mentioned for sustainable urban development as well as sustainable social development. While talking about the places in cities with Islamic architecture, bazaars are characterized by different architectural features; they played a significant role in the daily life of cities in the past and today. In this research, Tabriz's historic bazaar complex was discussed. And after determining the study area, its physical and social structure was analyzed, and the change process was evaluated by defining today's problems and possibilities.Tabriz grand bazaar complex has been one of Asia's most significant international urban areas and the World for commercial and cultural exchanges for seven centuries. Due to the historical bazaar's strategic location and architectural features, it has played an active role in the east-west trade route through the Silk Road. Looking at the past of the covered bazaar, we see traces of historical periods such as Seljuks, Ilkhanids, Kara-koyunlu Turkmens, Ak-koyunlu Turkmens, Safavids, Ottoman, and Qajar eras. Each of these periods affected on the formation and development of the bazaar. Tabriz's historical bazaar complex is on the UNESCO world heritage list as the world's largest brick-built covered bazaar. This research aims to understand the social-physical relation that formed the selected study area's features, characteristics, and spatial formation. As the gathered data evaluate it is ascertained that the area by minimal changes, continues its existence. In this context, in the further phases of the study, it will convey information that will contribute and form the bases for the conservation and development proposals.

References

  • Beg Munshi, E.(2003). Tarikh-e Alamara-ye Abbasi, Corrected byIraj Afshar. Tehran, Amir Kabir Publications, p.256.
  • Chelebi, Evliya, (1959). Seyahatname Evliya Çalabi, Corrected by Hossein Nakhjavani. Tabriz, Shafaq Publication, P.16.
  • Dehkhodā, A. A., (1993). Persian Dictionary, 13th Volume, Tehran, Tehran University Press, P. 19404.
  • Dumont, P. and Georgeon F., (1999). The Ottoman Cities During the Modernization Process. 2nd Edition, Translated by: A. Berktay. İstanbul: History Foundation Domestic Publications.
  • Faroqhi, S., (2000). The Cities and City People in the Ottoman. İstanbul: History Foundation Domestic Publications.
  • Flanden, Eugene (1977). Eugene Flandin's travelogue, translated by Noor Sadeghi, Ishraqi Publications, Tehran, pp. 83-67.
  • Gabriel, A., (1928). Etapesd’uneCampagnedans les deuxIrakd’apre sun manuscript Turc du XVIeslecle in: Syria Tome9. Fascicule, (4), pp. 53-55.
  • Gharipour, M., (2012). The Bazaars in Islamic City: Design, Culture and History. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo.
  • Guichard, P., (1997). Suk, in the Muslim West. Encyclopedia of Islam, Ed., Bosworth, C.E., Vandonzel, E., W.P. Heinrichs, W.P., G. Legomte, 4, pp. 789-791.
  • Habibi, L., Mahmoudi Pati F., (2017).From Bazaar to Shopping Centers: Analysis of the Evolution of Modern Commercial Spaces in Tehran, The Scientific Journal of NAZAR research center (Nrc) for Art, Architecture & Urbanism, vol.14/No.49, Tehran, p. 15.
  • Haghparast F., Esmaeili Sangari H. (2018). Manage the World Heritage Sites in Tabriz, relying on popular participation, Urban Management Journal, No.50, Spring, pp. 145-162.
  • Hashri Tabrizi B., Molla Mohammad A., (1992). Rozat-al Athar (1011 AH), Corrected by Aziz Dolatabadi. Tabriz: Sutudeh Publications, p. 256.
  • Hasol, D., (1975). EncyclopedicDictionary of Architecture, Advanced 13th Edition, İstanbul: YEM Publication, 2014.
  • Hojbar Nobari, A., (1999). Report of archaeological excavations around the Blue Mosque, Tabriz Cultural Heritage Archive, p. 6.
  • İbrahimgil, A., (2018). Traditional Urban Pattern Investigation and Protection Proposal in Skopje, Macedonia. Ph. D. Thesis, Ankara: Gazi University, p. 116.
  • İnalcık, H., (1997). The Pearl of İstanbul: Bedesten Mustafa Özel (prep.), Economics and Religion. İstanbul: İz Publication, pp. 119–136.
  • Kejanlı, D., (2010). Anadolu’da Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Dönemlerinde Kent Sistemi, Kale ve Merkez-Çarşı gelişimi, E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 5 (3), pp. 287-303.
  • Kuban, D., (1968). Some Observations on the Anatolian-Turkish City, its Development and Social and Physical Characteristics, Foundations Journal, no. 7, pp. 53–73, İstanbul.
  • Kubat, A.S., (2010). The study of urban form in Turkey. Sixteenth International Seminar on Urban Form, Guangzhou, China, 4 -7 September 2009. Urban Morphology (2010) 14(1), pp. 31-48.
  • Minorsky, V., (1958). History of Tabriz, translated by Abdul Ali Karang, Tabriz, p. 34.
  • Omrani, B.,Esmaeeli, H., (2006). Bafte Tarikhi-ye Shahre Tabriz, Tehran, Samira Publications, p. 68.
  • Özdeş, G., (1998). The Turkish Markets. Ankara: Tepe Publication, p. 265.
  • Tehrani, F., Parsi, F., and Banimasood, A., (2007). Reading the historical maps of Tabriz.Tehran: Iran Urban Development and Improvement Company.
  • Zoka, Y., (1989). Tabriz in the cities of Iran, by the efforts of Mohammad Yousef Kiani, vol.3, Jahad University, Tehran, p. 154-162.
  • Url.1: http://www.css.ir/en
  • Url. 2: https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398
  • Url. 3: https://akharinkhabar.ir/photo/5187130/1398
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Urban Policy, Urban and Regional Planning
Journal Section All Articles
Authors

Vahid Eılaeı 0000-0002-6191-4020

İşik Aksulu 0000-0001-5612-3905

Early Pub Date June 1, 2023
Publication Date June 15, 2023
Submission Date November 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eılaeı, V., & Aksulu, İ. (2023). The Formation of Living World Heritage Traditional Urban Pattern (Case Study: Iran-Tabriz Grand Bazaar Complex). Kent Akademisi, 16(2), 1212-1234. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1206662

International Refereed and Indexed Journal of Urban Culture and Management | Kent Kültürü ve Yönetimi Uluslararası Hakemli İndeksli Dergi
Information, Communication, Culture, Art and Media Services (ICAM Network) | www.icamnetwork.net
Address: Ahmet Emin Fidan Culture and Research Center, Evkaf Neigh. No: 34 Fatsa Ordu
Tel: +90452 310 20 30 Faks: +90452 310 20 30 | E-Mail: (int): info@icamnetwork.net | (TR) bilgi@icamnetwork.net