Konut Projelerinin Toplam İnşaat Süresinin Hesaplanması Türkiye’de Bir Vaka Analizi

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 568 - 591, 17.03.2024

Hakan Tıratacı , Hakan Yaman

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1278039

Abstract

Toplam inşaat süresinin doğru tahmin edilmesi için yapılan zaman planlaması, gecikmeleri önlemek ve projelerin zamanında başarıyla tamamlanması için önemlidir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler arasında inşaat gecikmelerinin ana nedenleri farklı olsa da, proje özellikleri ile ilgili çeşitli faktörler ve işverenler de gecikmelerde rol oynamaktadır. Süre gecikmelerini belirlemek için Türkiye'nin önde gelen konut inşaatı otoritelerinden TOKİ (Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı) ile görüşmeler ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. TOKİ’nin toplam inşaat süresini tahmin etmek için sadece üç adet faktör kullandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu faktörler “konut sayısı”, “ihale aşamasında kullanılan çizimlerin tipi” ve “çalışılmayan günler”dir. Tamamlanan 2800 TOKİ projesine ait detaylı bilgilerin yer aldığı “TOKİ Projeleri İzleme Cetveli”nin analizi, en çok gecikmenin konut projelerinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle yapılan bu vaka çalışmasında TOKİ konut projeleri için süre gecikmelerinin araştırılmasına karar verilmiştir. Vaka çalışması bulguları, TOKİ’nin kendi hesaplama yöntemine göre bulunan toplam inşaat süreleri ile işveren olarak TOKİ ile ihaleyi kazanan yükleniciler arasındaki resmi inşaat sözleşmelerinde belirtilen süreler arasında büyük bir fark olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu hususta TOKİ'nin inşaat sürelerini önemli ölçüde kısalttığı ve sonuç olarak dikkate değer miktarda konut projesinin gecikmesine neden olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Bu bulgular, işverenler ve proje yöneticilerinin inşaat gecikmelerini azaltmalarına yardımcı olabilir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki inşaat gecikmelerinin etkili bir şekilde üstesinden gelmek amacıyla inşaat süresini doğru şekilde tahmin edebilen modellerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

Toplam İş Süresi, Süre Planlaması, Proje Gecikmeleri, TOKİ, Konut Projeleri, Vaka Analizi

Total Construction Duration Calculation of Housing Projects: A Turkish Case Study

Abstract

Scheduling for accurate estimation of construction duration is significant to prevent construction delays and successfully complete projects on time. Although the main reasons for construction delays differ among developing countries, several factors related to project characteristics and clients contribute. In this study, interviews and observations were conducted with TOKI (Housing Development Administration of the Republic of Turkey), to explore construction delays. It was revealed that TOKI uses three factors such as “the number of flats”, “type of drawings utilized during the tender stage”, and “non-working days” to estimate total construction duration. Data analysis of the TOKI Projects Status Table, which lists detailed project information for 2800 completed TOKI projects, showed that most delays occurred in housing projects. Therefore, the construction delays for TOKI housing projects were investigated in this case study. The findings revealed that there is a wide construction duration gap between calculated construction durations using TOKI’s calculation method and durations indicated in official construction contracts between TOKI as a client and the awarded contractors. Therefore, it was emphasized that TOKI significantly shortened the construction duration, which ultimately resulted in delays for a considerable number of housing projects. These findings can be helpful for clients and project managers to mitigate construction delays. To effectively overcome construction delays in developing countries, suggestions are made to develop accurate construction duration estimation models.

Keywords

Total Construction Duration, Scheduling, Project Delays, TOKI, Housing Projects, Case Study

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