Otonom Limanların Dünya Denizciliğindeki Yerleri ve Türk Limanlarının Otonom Liman Sistemlerine Geçişleri Üzerine Bir Analiz

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 4, 2063 - 2082, 15.07.2025

Ali Umut Ünal

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1573158

Abstract

Otonom limanlar, son dönemlerde yapay zekânın gelişimi tercih edilmeye başlanmış yeni nesil liman yönetim türüdür. Aynı zamanda evrak işlemleri ve her türlü yük bilgi takibinin otomatik olarak takip edildiği ve istenildiğinde anlık veri verilebildiği sistemleri barındırmaktadır. Otonom limanlara olan yönelim, ağırlıklı olarak Avrupa limanlarında başlamış olup, tüm dünya limanlarının bu yeni liman yönetim türüne geçişleri gerçekleşmektedir. İnsan faktörünün merkezci yaklaşımını değiştirerek, otomasyonun ön plana çıkmasını ve operasyonlarda hata paylarını azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Yapay zekâ tarafından yapılan hızlı analizler sayesinde, beklemelerde azalmalar ve verimlilikte artışlar olduğu görülmüştür. İnsan faktörünün iş gücünden beyin gücüne doğru evrildiği bu sistemde, insan kontrolünde olan operasyon ekipmanları, birçok iş kazası riskini ortadan kaldırmakta ve olası tehlike durumlarında can kaybı ve yaralanmaları ciddi anlamda azaltmaktadır. Türk limanlarının otonom liman sistemine geçişleri esnasında, hangi avantajlar ve dezavantajlar ile karşı karşıya kalacaklarını belirlemeleri gerekmektedir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Marmara Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren limanların otonom liman yönetimine geçiş sürecinde, altyapı ve ekipmanlarının durumuna göre elde edebilecekleri avantaj ve dezavantajları belirlemektir. Bu avantaj ve dezavantajları tespit edilmesi için limancılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren uzmanların değerlendirmelerinde, SWOT analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma, gelecekte yapılacak olan otonom liman projelerine altyapı oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Limanlar için otonom liman sisteminin düşük maliyetlerle, kesintisiz ve sürekli hizmet sunmanın önemli faydalar sağladığı; altyapı yatırımları, internet altyapısı ve siber saldırıların ise ciddi tehditler olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Deniz İşletmeciliği , Deniz Ulaşımı , Liman Yönetimi , Otonom Liman

An Analysis On The Place Of Autonomous Ports In The World Maritime Industry And The Transition Of Turkish Ports To Autonomous Port Systems

Abstract

Autonomous ports represent a novel generation of port management systems that have recently come to the fore in the context of the development of artificial intelligence. These systems automate the monitoring of paperwork and cargo information, ensuring the provision of real-time data upon request. The adoption of autonomous port management systems has emerged predominantly in European ports, and it is anticipated that all global ports will transition to this novel port management paradigm. The objective of this transition is to minimize operational errors by shifting from a human-centric approach to a more automated one. The utilization of artificial intelligence has been observed to facilitate rapid analyses, leading to the identification of reductions in waiting times and productivity increases. In this system, the human factor evolves from labor power to brain power, and human-controlled operation equipment eliminates the risk of many work accidents and significantly reduces the loss of life and injuries in possibly dangerous situations. Turkish ports must assess the potential advantages and disadvantages that they will encounter during their transition to the autonomous port system.
The objective of this study is to ascertain the merits and demerits that ports operating within the Marmara Region can attain by the condition of their infrastructure and equipment during the transition to autonomous port management. To this end, a SWOT analysis was conducted, encompassing evaluations from experts in the port sector. The objective of this study is to establish an infrastructure for prospective autonomous port initiatives. The autonomous port system offers significant benefits, including the provision of uninterrupted and continuous service at low cost. However, it is also important to acknowledge the potential challenges posed by infrastructure investments, internet infrastructure and cyber-attacks.

Keywords

Maritime Management , Maritime Transport , Autonomous Port , Port Management

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