ANTHONY BURGESS’İN OTOMATİK PORTAKAL ADLI ROMANINDA ŞİDDET VE SOSYAL ÖĞRENME

Year 2017, Issue: 10, 316 - 326, 01.08.2017

Ayla Oğuz

Abstract

Şiddet, ortaya çıkış şekliyle insanların yaşamlarını gölgeler ve etkinliklerini sınırlar. Jean Marie Domenach’e göre şiddet bir çeşit ölümcül güç patlamasıdır. Bu anlamda Vittorio Di Martino şiddeti psikolojik ve fiziksel olarak iki biçimde sınıflandırır. Ayrıca şiddetin zihinsel, cinsel, ekonomik, yargısal şiddet biçimleri de vardır ve bütün bunlar sosyal yaşamın düzenini hoşlanılmayacak ölçüde olumsuz etkiler. Anthony Burgess’in Otomatik Portakal 1962 adlı romanı kendilerini tecavüz, işkence, hırsızlık ve cinayete adayan ve bundan zevk alan bir grup gençliğin ve İngiltere’deki gençlik kültürünün panoramasını verir. Burgess şiddeti başkarakter Alex’in sokaktan hapishaneye kadar uzanan süreç içerisindeki yıkıcı davranışları yoluyla ele alır ve şiddet ve saldırı biçimlerine göndermede bulunur. Çalışmada şiddet ve şiddetle ilgili kavramlar Albert Banduras’ın Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı ışığında incelenerek Burgess’in anlatı evreni belirginleştirilmiştir.

Keywords

Şiddet, saldırganlık, sosyal öğrenme, Bandura, Burgess.

VIOLENCE AND SOCIAL LEARNING IN ANTHONY BURGESS’ NOVEL CALLED A CLOCKWORK ORANGE

Abstract

Violence overshadows people’s lives by means of its way of manifestation and limits their activities. According to Jean Marie Domenach violence itself is a kind of deathly power burst and it is a psychologically meaningless appearance. Vittorio Di Martino classifies violence in two forms as physical and psychological. Violence includes all kinds of disruptive actions causing to injure target persons physically or psychologically by means of uncontrolled power which is fatal. Besides physical and psycological violence there exists mental, sexual, moral, economic and judical types of violence. In this context it can be said that violence shows itself as a fact to which people are extremely subjected and it effects the organisation of social life in an unfavourable way. Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange gives a panoroma of a youth culture devoted themselves to rape, torture, rubbery and murder. Fifteen-year-old Alex and his friends are in the same gang and it is their entertainment to give any harm to people inside or outside their houses at nights. Burgess emphasizes such concepts like assault, threat abuse, harassment, sexual harassment and bullying during Alex’s versatile disruptive behaviors and actions. In the study, these concepts are analyzed in order to show the boundaries of physical and psychological violence, its reasons and results in the representation of Alex and his gang in the light of Albert Bandura’s theory of social learning.

Keywords

Violence, aggression, social learning, Bandura, Burgess.

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