Performance Analysis of YOLO11 Models in PCB Defect Detection Tasks

Abstract

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) defect detection is critical in electronics manufacturing, as undetected faults can lead to severe quality control issues. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly object detection models, have significantly improved inspection systems' accuracy and speed. This study explores the performance of the YOLO11 (You Only Look Once version 11) object detection architecture on a multi-class PCB defect dataset. Five YOLO11 variants—YOLO11n, YOLO11s, YOLO11m, YOLO11l, and YOLO11x—were trained and evaluated under identical conditions using high-resolution images containing six defect types. Metrics such as mAP@50, mAP@50-95, and FPS were used for evaluation. Results demonstrate that YOLO11l achieved the highest mAP@50-95 of 0.551, while YOLO11n achieved up to 166 Frame Per Second (FPS) on an NVIDIA A100 GPU, confirming its real-time capability. Comparative analysis against state-of-the-art models confirms that YOLO11 variants offer an effective trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. This study positions YOLO11 as a strong candidate for real-time PCB inspection systems.

Keywords

• PCB Defect Detection
• Deep Learning
• YOLO11

PCB Hata Tespit Görevlerinde YOLO11 Modellerinin Performans Analizi

Abstract

Baskılı Devre Kartı (PCB) hata tespiti, elektronik üretiminde kritik bir süreçtir; tespit edilemeyen hatalar ciddi kalite kontrol problemlerine yol açabilir. Derin öğrenme ve özellikle nesne tespiti modellerindeki son gelişmeler, denetim sistemlerinin doğruluk ve hızında önemli iyileştirmeler sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma, çok sınıflı bir PCB arıza tespit veri kümesi üzerinde YOLO11 (You Only Look Once versiyon 11) nesne tespiti mimarisinin performansını incelemektedir. YOLO11 ailesine ait beş farklı varyant—YOLO11n, YOLO11s, YOLO11m, YOLO11l ve YOLO11x—altı farklı arıza türü içeren yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüler kullanılarak, aynı eğitim koşulları altında değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme için mAP@50, mAP@50-95 ve FPS gibi metrikler kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, YOLO11l modelinin 0.551 mAP@50-95 ile en yüksek doğruluk değerine ulaştığını, YOLO11n modelinin ise NVIDIA A100 GPU üzerinde saniyede 166 kareye (FPS) kadar gerçek zamanlı performans sergilediğini göstermektedir. Yapılan karşılaştırmalar, YOLO11 ailesinin doğruluk ve verimlilik arasında etkili bir denge sunduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, YOLO11 mimarisinin gerçek zamanlı PCB denetim sistemleri için güçlü bir aday olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• PCB Hata Tespiti
• Derin Öğrenme
• YOLO11

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