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Çoruh Nehri’ndeki Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2022, , 355 - 367, 15.06.2022

Tamer Akkan , Tanju Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1073227
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Çoruh Nehri'nden toplanan su, askıda katı madde ve sediment örneklerinin kirlilik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için toplanan numunelerde alüminyum, krom, manganez, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko, kadmiyum ve kurşun konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde su ve sediment kalite indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Su kalitesi indeks değerleri incelendiğinde nehrin kötü su kalitesi sınıfında olduğu belirlendi. Sediment zenginleştirme faktörüne göre krom ve nikel açısından düşük düzeyde zenginleşme, manganez, demir ve kobalt için değiştirilebilir derecede zenginleşme, bakır ve çinko için önemli derecede zenginleşme, kadmiyum ve kurşun için çok yüksek düzey zenginleşmeye tespit edilmiştir. Kirlilik yükleme indeksi sonuçları da sediment kalitesinin bozulduğunu ve yüksek metal yüküne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sedimentteki bu kirlilik faktörlerinin nedeninin bölgedeki madencilik faaliyetlerinden kaynaklandığını düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Çoruh Nehri'nin su ve sediment kalitesinin düzenli bir izleme programı ile izlenmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Çoruh Nehri Metal Risk değerlendirmesi Su kalitesi Sediment kalitesi

References

  • Abdel-Baki, A. S., Dkhil, M. A., and Al-Quraishy, S. (2011). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of Wadi Hanifah, Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(13), 2541-2547.
  • Abrahim, G. M. S., and Parker, R. J. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 136(1), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2
  • Akkan, T., Yazicioglu, O., Yazici, R., and Yilmaz, M. (2018). An Examination of Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments at Siddikli Dam Lake: A Case Study in Kirsehir, Turkey. FEB-FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, 8104.
  • Alam, M. G. M., Tanaka, A., Stagnitti, F., Allinson, G., and Maekawa, T. (2001). Observations on the effects of caged carp culture on water and sediment metal concentrations in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1989
  • APHA. 1998. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association.19th Ed. Washington D.C. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/205126 (May 18, 2021).
  • Bahnasawy, M., Khidr, A. A., and Dheina, N. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in water, plankton, and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(2), 271-280.
  • Balık, İ., and Tunca, E. (2015). A review of sediment contamination assessment methods. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 1(1), 7-17.
  • Bayır, İ., Mutlu, C. (2021). Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Different Tissues of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758) and Pike Barb (Luciobarbus esocinus, H., 1843) From Karasu River (Erzincan). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(3), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.964810
  • Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzel, N., Gul, A., and Yilmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of Metals in Water, Sediment and Tissues of Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(1): 45–55.
  • Bilgin, A., and Konanç, M. U. (2016). Evaluation of surface water quality and heavy metal pollution of Coruh River Basin (Turkey) by multivariate statistical methods. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(1029). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5821-0
  • Birici, N., Karakaya, G., Şeker, T., Küçükyılmaz, M., Balcı, M., Özbey, N., and Güneş, M. (2017). Evaluation of Coruh River (Bayburt) Water Quality in Accord with Water Pollution Control Regulation. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 3(1): 54–64.
  • Chien, L. C., Hung, T. C., Choang, K. Y., Yeh, C. Y., Meng, P. J., Shieh, M. J., and Han, B. C. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan. Science of the total environment, 285(1-3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00916-0
  • Dundar, M. S., and Altundag, H. (2007). Investigation of heavy metal contaminations in the lower Sakarya river water and sediments. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 128(1), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9303-9
  • Gedik, K., Ozturk, R.C. (2019). Health risk perspectives of metal(loid) exposure via consumption of striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758), 1176–1188. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10807039.2018.1460802.
  • Gedik, K., Terzi, E., and Yeşilçiçek, T. (2018). Biomonitoring of Metal (Oid)s in Mining-Affected Borcka Dam Lake Coupled with Public Health Outcomes. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24(8): 2247–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1443390
  • Helz, G. R., Sinex, S. A., Ferri, K. L., and Nichols, M. (1985). Processes controlling Fe, Mn and Zn in sediments of northern Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 21(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90002-2
  • Ho, H. H., Swennen, R., and Van Damme, A. (2010). Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in Estuarine Sediments near Cua Ong Harbor, Ha Long Bay Vietnam. Geologica Belgica 13(1–2): 37–47.
  • Hussain, J., Husain, I., Arif, M., and Gupta, N. (2017). Studies on Heavy Metal Contamination in Godavari River Basin. Applied Water Science 7(8): 4539–4548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-017-0607-4
  • Kalender, L., and Uçar, S. Ç. (2013). Assessment of Metal Contamination in Sediments in the Tributaries of the Euphrates River, Using Pollution Indices and the Determination of the Pollution Source, Turkey. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 134: 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.005.
  • Kamunda, C., Mathuthu, M., and Madhuku, M. (2016). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(7), 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070663
  • Kırıs, ., and Baltas H. (2021). Assessing Pollution Levels and Health Effects of Heavy Metals in Sediments around Cayeli Copper Mine Area, Rize, Turkey. Environmental Forensics 22(3-4): 372-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1850572.
  • Kucuksezgin, F., Uluturhan, E., and Batki, H. (2008). Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Particulate Matter and Sediments of Gediz River (Eastern Aegean). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 141(1–3): 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9889-6
  • Lermi, A., and Sunkari, E. D. (2020). Geochemistry, Risk Assessment, and Pb Isotopic Evidence for Sources of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments around the Ulukışla Basin, Niğde, Southern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 29(7): 1167–88.
  • Marcovecchio, J. E., Botté, S. E., and Freije, R. H. (2007). Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements. In Handbook of Water Analysis, 2nd Edition. ed. L. M. Nollet. London: CRC Press. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1076573 (May 18, 2021).
  • Meng, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., and Wu, T. (2016). Geochemistry of Dissolved Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in the Dan River Drainage (China): Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(8): 8091–8103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6074-x
  • Mutlu, C., Bayraktar, F., and Verep, B. (2020). Sediment Kalitesi Değerlendirme Çalışmalarına Bir Örnek, Boğacık Deresi (Giresun). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 5(3): 433–438.
  • Mutlu, C., Eraslan Akkan, B., Verep, B. (2018). The heavy metal assessment of Harsit Stream (Giresun, Turkey) using multivariate statistical techniques. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27,12B, 9851- 9858.
  • Mutlu, T. (2021). Heavy metal concentrations in the edible tissues of some commercial fishes caught along the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the health risk assessment, Spectroscopy Letters, 54:6, 437-445, DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1939386
  • Odat, S. (2013). Calculating pollution indices of heavy metal along Irbid/Zarqa highway-Jordan. Int J Appl Sci Technol, 3(8), 72-76.
  • Omwene, P. I., Öncel, M. S., Çelen, M., and Kobya, M. (2019). Influence of arsenic and boron on the water quality index in mining stressed catchments of Emet and Orhaneli streams (Turkey). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7337-z
  • Ozseker, K., Eruz, C., and Cılız, S. (2013). Determination of copper pollution and associated ecological risk in coastal sediments of Southeastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 91(6), 661-666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1116-2
  • Perin, G., Bonardi, M., Fabris, R., Simoncini, B., Manente, S., Tosi, L., and Scotto, S. (1997). Heavy metal pollution in central Venice Lagoon bottom sediments: evaluation of the metal bioavailability by geochemical speciation procedure. Environmental Technology, 18(6), 593-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331808616577
  • Salomons, W., and Ulrich, F. 1984. Metals in the Hydrocycle. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-69325-0 (March 29, 2021).
  • Sinex, S. A., and Helz, G. R. (1981). Regional geochemistry of trace elements in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Environmental Geology, 3(6), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473521
  • Şener, Ş., Şener, E., and Davraz, A. (2017). Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey). Science of the Total Environment, 584, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.102
  • Trefry, J. H., and Presley, B. J. (1976). Heavy metals in sediments from San Antonio Bay and the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Geology, 1(5), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676717
  • Uncumusaoglu, A. A., Sengul, U., and Akkan, T. (2016). Environmental contamination of heavy metals in the Yaglidere Stream (Giresun), southeastern Black Sea. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(12), 5492-5498.
  • Varol, M. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of hazardous materials, 195, 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.051
  • Wang, J., Liu, G., Liu, H., and Lam, P. K. (2017). Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved trace elements and a water quality assessment in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, Anhui, China. Science of the total environment, 583, 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.088
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Çoruh River (Turkey)

Year 2022, , 355 - 367, 15.06.2022

Tamer Akkan , Tanju Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1073227
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Çoruh Nehri'nden toplanan su, askıda katı madde ve sediment örneklerinin kirlilik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç için toplanan numunelerde alüminyum, krom, manganez, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko, kadmiyum ve kurşun konsantrasyonları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde su ve sediment kalite indeksleri kullanılmıştır. Su kalitesi indeks değerleri incelendiğinde nehrin kötü su kalitesi sınıfında olduğu belirlendi. Sediment zenginleştirme faktörüne göre krom ve nikel açısından düşük düzeyde zenginleşme, manganez, demir ve kobalt için değiştirilebilir derecede zenginleşme, bakır ve çinko için önemli derecede zenginleşme, kadmiyum ve kurşun için çok yüksek düzey zenginleşmeye tespit edilmiştir. Kirlilik yükleme indeksi sonuçları da sediment kalitesinin bozulduğunu ve yüksek metal yüküne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Sedimentteki bu kirlilik faktörlerinin nedeninin bölgedeki madencilik faaliyetlerinden kaynaklandığını düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Çoruh Nehri'nin su ve sediment kalitesinin düzenli bir izleme programı ile izlenmesi gerektiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Çoruh River metal Risk assessment Water quality Sediment quality

References

  • Abdel-Baki, A. S., Dkhil, M. A., and Al-Quraishy, S. (2011). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of Wadi Hanifah, Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(13), 2541-2547.
  • Abrahim, G. M. S., and Parker, R. J. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary, Auckland, New Zealand. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 136(1), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9678-2
  • Akkan, T., Yazicioglu, O., Yazici, R., and Yilmaz, M. (2018). An Examination of Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments at Siddikli Dam Lake: A Case Study in Kirsehir, Turkey. FEB-FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN, 8104.
  • Alam, M. G. M., Tanaka, A., Stagnitti, F., Allinson, G., and Maekawa, T. (2001). Observations on the effects of caged carp culture on water and sediment metal concentrations in Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 48(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1989
  • APHA. 1998. Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association.19th Ed. Washington D.C. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/205126 (May 18, 2021).
  • Bahnasawy, M., Khidr, A. A., and Dheina, N. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in water, plankton, and fish of Lake Manzala, Egypt. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 35(2), 271-280.
  • Balık, İ., and Tunca, E. (2015). A review of sediment contamination assessment methods. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 1(1), 7-17.
  • Bayır, İ., Mutlu, C. (2021). Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Different Tissues of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, L., 1758) and Pike Barb (Luciobarbus esocinus, H., 1843) From Karasu River (Erzincan). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(3), 434-440. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.964810
  • Benzer, S., Arslan, H., Uzel, N., Gul, A., and Yilmaz, M. (2013). Concentrations of Metals in Water, Sediment and Tissues of Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758 from Mogan Lake (Turkey). Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12(1): 45–55.
  • Bilgin, A., and Konanç, M. U. (2016). Evaluation of surface water quality and heavy metal pollution of Coruh River Basin (Turkey) by multivariate statistical methods. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(1029). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5821-0
  • Birici, N., Karakaya, G., Şeker, T., Küçükyılmaz, M., Balcı, M., Özbey, N., and Güneş, M. (2017). Evaluation of Coruh River (Bayburt) Water Quality in Accord with Water Pollution Control Regulation. Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci. 3(1): 54–64.
  • Chien, L. C., Hung, T. C., Choang, K. Y., Yeh, C. Y., Meng, P. J., Shieh, M. J., and Han, B. C. (2002). Daily intake of TBT, Cu, Zn, Cd and As for fishermen in Taiwan. Science of the total environment, 285(1-3), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00916-0
  • Dundar, M. S., and Altundag, H. (2007). Investigation of heavy metal contaminations in the lower Sakarya river water and sediments. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 128(1), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-9303-9
  • Gedik, K., Ozturk, R.C. (2019). Health risk perspectives of metal(loid) exposure via consumption of striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina Linnaeus, 1758), 1176–1188. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10807039.2018.1460802.
  • Gedik, K., Terzi, E., and Yeşilçiçek, T. (2018). Biomonitoring of Metal (Oid)s in Mining-Affected Borcka Dam Lake Coupled with Public Health Outcomes. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 24(8): 2247–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2018.1443390
  • Helz, G. R., Sinex, S. A., Ferri, K. L., and Nichols, M. (1985). Processes controlling Fe, Mn and Zn in sediments of northern Chesapeake Bay. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 21(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90002-2
  • Ho, H. H., Swennen, R., and Van Damme, A. (2010). Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in Estuarine Sediments near Cua Ong Harbor, Ha Long Bay Vietnam. Geologica Belgica 13(1–2): 37–47.
  • Hussain, J., Husain, I., Arif, M., and Gupta, N. (2017). Studies on Heavy Metal Contamination in Godavari River Basin. Applied Water Science 7(8): 4539–4548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-017-0607-4
  • Kalender, L., and Uçar, S. Ç. (2013). Assessment of Metal Contamination in Sediments in the Tributaries of the Euphrates River, Using Pollution Indices and the Determination of the Pollution Source, Turkey. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 134: 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2013.08.005.
  • Kamunda, C., Mathuthu, M., and Madhuku, M. (2016). Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils from Witwatersrand Gold Mining Basin, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(7), 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070663
  • Kırıs, ., and Baltas H. (2021). Assessing Pollution Levels and Health Effects of Heavy Metals in Sediments around Cayeli Copper Mine Area, Rize, Turkey. Environmental Forensics 22(3-4): 372-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15275922.2020.1850572.
  • Kucuksezgin, F., Uluturhan, E., and Batki, H. (2008). Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water, Particulate Matter and Sediments of Gediz River (Eastern Aegean). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 141(1–3): 213–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9889-6
  • Lermi, A., and Sunkari, E. D. (2020). Geochemistry, Risk Assessment, and Pb Isotopic Evidence for Sources of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments around the Ulukışla Basin, Niğde, Southern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 29(7): 1167–88.
  • Marcovecchio, J. E., Botté, S. E., and Freije, R. H. (2007). Heavy Metals, Major Metals, Trace Elements. In Handbook of Water Analysis, 2nd Edition. ed. L. M. Nollet. London: CRC Press. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1076573 (May 18, 2021).
  • Meng, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., and Wu, T. (2016). Geochemistry of Dissolved Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in the Dan River Drainage (China): Distribution, Sources, and Water Quality Assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23(8): 8091–8103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6074-x
  • Mutlu, C., Bayraktar, F., and Verep, B. (2020). Sediment Kalitesi Değerlendirme Çalışmalarına Bir Örnek, Boğacık Deresi (Giresun). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences 5(3): 433–438.
  • Mutlu, C., Eraslan Akkan, B., Verep, B. (2018). The heavy metal assessment of Harsit Stream (Giresun, Turkey) using multivariate statistical techniques. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27,12B, 9851- 9858.
  • Mutlu, T. (2021). Heavy metal concentrations in the edible tissues of some commercial fishes caught along the Eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey and the health risk assessment, Spectroscopy Letters, 54:6, 437-445, DOI: 10.1080/00387010.2021.1939386
  • Odat, S. (2013). Calculating pollution indices of heavy metal along Irbid/Zarqa highway-Jordan. Int J Appl Sci Technol, 3(8), 72-76.
  • Omwene, P. I., Öncel, M. S., Çelen, M., and Kobya, M. (2019). Influence of arsenic and boron on the water quality index in mining stressed catchments of Emet and Orhaneli streams (Turkey). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 191(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7337-z
  • Ozseker, K., Eruz, C., and Cılız, S. (2013). Determination of copper pollution and associated ecological risk in coastal sediments of Southeastern Black Sea Region, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 91(6), 661-666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-013-1116-2
  • Perin, G., Bonardi, M., Fabris, R., Simoncini, B., Manente, S., Tosi, L., and Scotto, S. (1997). Heavy metal pollution in central Venice Lagoon bottom sediments: evaluation of the metal bioavailability by geochemical speciation procedure. Environmental Technology, 18(6), 593-604. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593331808616577
  • Salomons, W., and Ulrich, F. 1984. Metals in the Hydrocycle. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-69325-0 (March 29, 2021).
  • Sinex, S. A., and Helz, G. R. (1981). Regional geochemistry of trace elements in Chesapeake Bay sediments. Environmental Geology, 3(6), 315–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473521
  • Şener, Ş., Şener, E., and Davraz, A. (2017). Evaluation of water quality using water quality index (WQI) method and GIS in Aksu River (SW-Turkey). Science of the Total Environment, 584, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.102
  • Trefry, J. H., and Presley, B. J. (1976). Heavy metals in sediments from San Antonio Bay and the northwest Gulf of Mexico. Environmental Geology, 1(5), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676717
  • Uncumusaoglu, A. A., Sengul, U., and Akkan, T. (2016). Environmental contamination of heavy metals in the Yaglidere Stream (Giresun), southeastern Black Sea. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 25(12), 5492-5498.
  • Varol, M. (2011). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of hazardous materials, 195, 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.08.051
  • Wang, J., Liu, G., Liu, H., and Lam, P. K. (2017). Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved trace elements and a water quality assessment in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, Anhui, China. Science of the total environment, 583, 421–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.088
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tamer Akkan 0000-0002-9866-4475

Tanju Mutlu 0000-0001-6514-6914

Publication Date June 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Akkan, T., & Mutlu, T. (2022). Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Çoruh River (Turkey). Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(1), 355-367. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1073227

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