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Morphometric Diversity for Rootstock Characteristics of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Populations in The Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye

Year 2023, , 1416 - 1426, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1285059

Abstract

The Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) is native to Türkiye, where it is found only in small, scattered, and isolated populations within its natural distribution area. These remaining populations are of critical importance for conservation, for continued use as a natural reservoir, and natural selection. The trees are up to 400 years old and already well-adapted to harsh environmental conditions. In recent years, this species has drawn the attention of agriculture and forest practitioners and scientists in several countries who use this important and valuable tree species in studies of the effects of climate change. The origin and genotype of the reproductive material of this species play a key role in its adaptation to environmental conditions, and possible cultivation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the variation of genotypes selected from 13 different populations in Kastamonu and Bolu provinces in terms of rootstock characteristics. These regions are the locations where the Turkish tree hazel is most abundant. For this aim, the growth habit, vigor, number of suckers, and internode of one-year-old shoots were scored on the parent trees. A Kruskal Wallis-H test was applied to the non-parametric data to determine if there were differences among the populations for each variable and the total number of points. Then the Mann-Whitney-U test was used for differences among the groups. In addition, the phylogenetic relationship among the populations and genotypes was revealed by Cluster analysis. Among the rootstocks scored, KTU3 and KTU64 provided the highest score according to non-suckering and strong growth. It has been observed that individuals in Turkish hazelnut populations generally do not form suckers (%89.4) and show strong growth. C. colurna trees were observed to be individual and scattered in the population. Most of the trees are elderly and need to be protected in situ. Turkish hazel population will play a key role in production and sustainable such as to develop rootstock and variety in agriculture production, sustainable forest development, and for ecological adaptation in climate change scenarios.

Project Number

219O234

References

  • Alexandrov AH (1995). Corylus colurna. In: Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse. Handbuch und Atlas der Holzgewächse. 2. Erg.Lfg. Landsberg am Lech: Ecomed-Verlag. Band III-2.
  • Arslan, M. (2005). Batı Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) populasyonlarının ekolojik ve silvikültürel yönden incelenmesi. [Ecological and silvicultural investigations of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) populations in the Western Black Sea Region]. University of Abant İzzet Baysal, The Institute of Applied Science, M. Sc. Thesis, Düzce, Turkey, pp. 88.
  • Ayan, S., Aydinözü, D., Yer, E.N., E. Ünalan (2016a). Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.)’nın Kuzeybatı Anadolu ormanlarındaki yeni bir yayılış alanı: (Kastamonu-Ağlı Müsellimler, Tunuslar Mevkii). [Turkish Filbert (Corylus colurna L.) a new distribution area in Northwestern Anatolia Forests: (Provinces of Müsellimler, Tunuslar in Ağlı, Kastamonu/Turkey)]. Biological Diversity and Conservation, (BioDiCon) 9 (1), 128-135.
  • Ayan, S., Ünalan, E., Sakici, O. E., Yer, E.N., Ducci, F., Isajev, V. V., Ozel, H. B., (2018a). Preliminary results of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) populations for testing the nut characteristics, GENETIKA Belgrade 50 (2), 669-686.
  • Ayan S, Ünalan E, İslam A, Sakici OE, Yer EN (2018b). Fat and protein content in Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) in Kastamonu Province. Artvin Çoruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty 19 (1), 48-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.296580
  • Ayan, S., Ünalan, E., Yer, E.N., Sakici, O. E., İslam, A. (2016b). Population diversity in Northwest Anatolia Forests in terms of nut characteristics of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) (Kastamonu province), International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurosia, 11-13 July, 2016, Odesa, Ukraine.
  • De Avila AL, Häring B, Rheinbay B, Brüchert F, Hirsch M, Albrecht A (2021). Artensteckbriefe 2.0 - Alternative Baumarten im Klimawandel, Eine Stoffsammlung. Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden- Württemberg (FVA), 248 S.
  • Erdogan, V., S.A. Mehlenbacher (2000). Interspecific hybridization in hazelnut (Corylus). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125 (4), 489–497.
  • Farinelli, D., Luciani, E., Villa, F., Manzo, A., & Tombesi, S. (2021). First selection of non-suckering rootstocks for hazelnut cultivars. In XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems 1346 (pp. 699-708).
  • İslam, A. (2018). Hazelnut culture in Turkey. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 7(2), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.476665
  • İslam, A. (2019). Advances in breeding of hazelnuts. In Achieving sustainable cultivation of tree nuts (Eds. Serdar and Fulbright). Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science. ISBN:978-1-78676-224-5
  • İslam, A. (2021). Fındık. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık No:3893, 174s, Ankara ISBN:978-625-417-388-2
  • Kumar Srivastava, K., Zargar, K. A., & Sing, S. R. (2010). Genetic divergence among Corylus colurna genotypes based on morphological characters of hazelnut, Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 17, 13-17.
  • Michelson LF, Lachman WH, Allen DD (1958). The Use of “Weight Rankit Method” in variety trials. Proc. Am. Hortic. Sci. 71: 33.
  • Mitrovic M., Stanisavljevic M, Ogasanovic D (2001). Turkish tree hazel biotypes in Serbia. Acta Hortic 556: 191-195. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.556.27
  • Nikolova, M. (2007). A study on different forms of Turkish hazelnut (C. colurna L.). In I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing 825 (pp. 195-200).
  • Ninic-Todorovic, J., Ognjanov, V., Keserovic, Z., Cerovic, S., Bijelic, S., Cukanovic, J., Kurjakov, A., R. Cabilovski (2012). Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) offspring variability as a foundation for grafting rootstock productıon. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, 18 (6), 883-888.
  • Rovira, M., Hermoso, J. F., Rufat, J., Cristofori, V., Silvestri, C., & Romero, A. (2022). Agronomical and physiological behavior of Spanish hazelnut selection “Negret-N9” grafted on non-suckering rootstocks. Frontiers in Plant Science 12, 813902.
  • Šeho M, Ebinger T, Huber G, Konnert M (2016). Baumhasel - Saatgut und Vermehrung im Fokus. In: Deutsche Baumschule 8, 42-45.
  • Šeho M, Huber G, Frischbier N, Schölch M (2017a). Kurzportrait Baumhasel (Corylus colurna) http://www.waldwissen.net/waldwirtschaft/waldbau/wuh_Hazel tree/index_DE
  • Šeho M, Huber G, Fussi B (2017b). Suitability for cultivation of provenances of Cedar and Turkish Hazel in Germany as a result of climate change. IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress, 18–22 September 2017, Freiburg, Germany. Book of Abstracts p.360.
  • Šeho M, Ayan S, Huber G, Kahveci G (2019). A review on Turkish hazel (C. colurna L.): A promising tree species for future assisted migration attempts. SEEFOR - South-east European Forestry 10 (1) 53-63.
  • Shaw, K., Roy, S., B. Wilson (2014). Corylus colurna. The IUCN Red list of threatened species. e.T194668A2356927. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194668A2356927.en
  • Smekalova, T.N., R.S. Ushakova, (2006). Range of distribution of Corylus colurna L. - Arboreous hazel, Turkish hazel. URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Corylus_colurna/map/ .
  • Temel, F., Arslan, M., D. Çakar (2017). Status of natural Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) populations in Turkey. Artvin Çoruh University, Forestry Faculty Journal Artvin, Turkey, 18 (1): 1-9. DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.270346

Batı Karadeniz Bölgesinde Yetişen Türk Fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) Popülasyonlarının Anaç Özellikleri Bakımından Morfometrik Çeşitliliği

Year 2023, , 1416 - 1426, 15.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1285059

Abstract

Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) Türkiye'ye özgü doğal bir türdür. Yayılım alanı içinde küçük, dağınık ve izole popülasyonlar bulunur. Bu popülasyonlar, koruma ve doğal rezervuar olarak sürekli kullanım alanı ve seleksiyon için kritik öneme sahiptir. Ağaçlar zorlu çevre koşullarına iyi uyum sağlamış olup 400 yaşında kadar yaşadığı tahmin edilmektedir. Son yıllarda bu tür, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine ilişkin çalışmalarda önemli ve değerli ağaç türünü kullanan birçok ülkede tarım ve ormancılık alanında bilim adamlarının dikkatini çekmiştir. Bu orjinal genotipler çevre koşullarına adaptasyonunda ve olası üretimde önemli kilit rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kastamonu ve Bolu illerinde 13 farklı popülasyondan seçilen genotiplerin anaç özellikleri yönünden varyasyonunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu bölgeler Türk fındığının en yaygın bulunduğu olduğu yerlerdir. Bu amaçla, ebeveyn ağaçlarda bir yaşındaki sürgünlerin büyüme alışkanlığı, büyüme gücü, dip sürgünü sayısı ve boğum arası ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Parametrik olmayan verilere, popülasyonlar arasında her bir değişken ve toplam puan sayısı için farklılığı belirlemek için Kruskal Wallis-H testi uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar için Mann-Whitney-U testi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca popülasyonlar ve genotipler arasındaki filogenetik ilişki Cluster analizi ile ortaya konmuştur. Puanlanan anaçlar arasında en yüksek puanı Kastamonu Tunuslarda yetişen KTU3 ve KTU64 nolu bireyler almış olup dip sürgünü vermeme ve güçlü büyüme yönünden öne çıkmışlardır. Türkiye fındık popülasyonlarında bireylerin genellikle dip sürgünü oluşturmadıkları (%89.4) ve kuvvetli büyüme gösterdikleri gözlemlenmiştir. C. colurna ağaçlarının popülasyon içinde bireysel ve dağınık olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ağaçların çoğu yaşlıdır ve yerinde korunmaları önerilir. Türk fındığı popülasyonunun, tarımsal üretimde anaç ve çeşit geliştirmede, sürdürülebilir orman gelişimi ve iklim değişikliği senaryolarında ekolojik uyum gibi üretim ve sürdürülebilirlikte kilit rol oynayacağı söylenebilir.

Supporting Institution

Tübitak

Project Number

219O234

References

  • Alexandrov AH (1995). Corylus colurna. In: Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse. Handbuch und Atlas der Holzgewächse. 2. Erg.Lfg. Landsberg am Lech: Ecomed-Verlag. Band III-2.
  • Arslan, M. (2005). Batı Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.) populasyonlarının ekolojik ve silvikültürel yönden incelenmesi. [Ecological and silvicultural investigations of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) populations in the Western Black Sea Region]. University of Abant İzzet Baysal, The Institute of Applied Science, M. Sc. Thesis, Düzce, Turkey, pp. 88.
  • Ayan, S., Aydinözü, D., Yer, E.N., E. Ünalan (2016a). Türk fındığı (Corylus colurna L.)’nın Kuzeybatı Anadolu ormanlarındaki yeni bir yayılış alanı: (Kastamonu-Ağlı Müsellimler, Tunuslar Mevkii). [Turkish Filbert (Corylus colurna L.) a new distribution area in Northwestern Anatolia Forests: (Provinces of Müsellimler, Tunuslar in Ağlı, Kastamonu/Turkey)]. Biological Diversity and Conservation, (BioDiCon) 9 (1), 128-135.
  • Ayan, S., Ünalan, E., Sakici, O. E., Yer, E.N., Ducci, F., Isajev, V. V., Ozel, H. B., (2018a). Preliminary results of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) populations for testing the nut characteristics, GENETIKA Belgrade 50 (2), 669-686.
  • Ayan S, Ünalan E, İslam A, Sakici OE, Yer EN (2018b). Fat and protein content in Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) in Kastamonu Province. Artvin Çoruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty 19 (1), 48-54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17474/artvinofd.296580
  • Ayan, S., Ünalan, E., Yer, E.N., Sakici, O. E., İslam, A. (2016b). Population diversity in Northwest Anatolia Forests in terms of nut characteristics of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus colurna L.) (Kastamonu province), International Multidisciplinary Congress of Eurosia, 11-13 July, 2016, Odesa, Ukraine.
  • De Avila AL, Häring B, Rheinbay B, Brüchert F, Hirsch M, Albrecht A (2021). Artensteckbriefe 2.0 - Alternative Baumarten im Klimawandel, Eine Stoffsammlung. Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden- Württemberg (FVA), 248 S.
  • Erdogan, V., S.A. Mehlenbacher (2000). Interspecific hybridization in hazelnut (Corylus). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125 (4), 489–497.
  • Farinelli, D., Luciani, E., Villa, F., Manzo, A., & Tombesi, S. (2021). First selection of non-suckering rootstocks for hazelnut cultivars. In XII International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and Environmental Physiology in Orchard Systems 1346 (pp. 699-708).
  • İslam, A. (2018). Hazelnut culture in Turkey. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi 7(2), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.29278/azd.476665
  • İslam, A. (2019). Advances in breeding of hazelnuts. In Achieving sustainable cultivation of tree nuts (Eds. Serdar and Fulbright). Burleigh Dodds Series in Agricultural Science. ISBN:978-1-78676-224-5
  • İslam, A. (2021). Fındık. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık No:3893, 174s, Ankara ISBN:978-625-417-388-2
  • Kumar Srivastava, K., Zargar, K. A., & Sing, S. R. (2010). Genetic divergence among Corylus colurna genotypes based on morphological characters of hazelnut, Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 17, 13-17.
  • Michelson LF, Lachman WH, Allen DD (1958). The Use of “Weight Rankit Method” in variety trials. Proc. Am. Hortic. Sci. 71: 33.
  • Mitrovic M., Stanisavljevic M, Ogasanovic D (2001). Turkish tree hazel biotypes in Serbia. Acta Hortic 556: 191-195. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2001.556.27
  • Nikolova, M. (2007). A study on different forms of Turkish hazelnut (C. colurna L.). In I Balkan Symposium on Fruit Growing 825 (pp. 195-200).
  • Ninic-Todorovic, J., Ognjanov, V., Keserovic, Z., Cerovic, S., Bijelic, S., Cukanovic, J., Kurjakov, A., R. Cabilovski (2012). Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) offspring variability as a foundation for grafting rootstock productıon. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, 18 (6), 883-888.
  • Rovira, M., Hermoso, J. F., Rufat, J., Cristofori, V., Silvestri, C., & Romero, A. (2022). Agronomical and physiological behavior of Spanish hazelnut selection “Negret-N9” grafted on non-suckering rootstocks. Frontiers in Plant Science 12, 813902.
  • Šeho M, Ebinger T, Huber G, Konnert M (2016). Baumhasel - Saatgut und Vermehrung im Fokus. In: Deutsche Baumschule 8, 42-45.
  • Šeho M, Huber G, Frischbier N, Schölch M (2017a). Kurzportrait Baumhasel (Corylus colurna) http://www.waldwissen.net/waldwirtschaft/waldbau/wuh_Hazel tree/index_DE
  • Šeho M, Huber G, Fussi B (2017b). Suitability for cultivation of provenances of Cedar and Turkish Hazel in Germany as a result of climate change. IUFRO 125th Anniversary Congress, 18–22 September 2017, Freiburg, Germany. Book of Abstracts p.360.
  • Šeho M, Ayan S, Huber G, Kahveci G (2019). A review on Turkish hazel (C. colurna L.): A promising tree species for future assisted migration attempts. SEEFOR - South-east European Forestry 10 (1) 53-63.
  • Shaw, K., Roy, S., B. Wilson (2014). Corylus colurna. The IUCN Red list of threatened species. e.T194668A2356927. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T194668A2356927.en
  • Smekalova, T.N., R.S. Ushakova, (2006). Range of distribution of Corylus colurna L. - Arboreous hazel, Turkish hazel. URL: http://www.agroatlas.ru/en/content/related/Corylus_colurna/map/ .
  • Temel, F., Arslan, M., D. Çakar (2017). Status of natural Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.) populations in Turkey. Artvin Çoruh University, Forestry Faculty Journal Artvin, Turkey, 18 (1): 1-9. DOI: 10.17474/artvinofd.270346
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ali İslam 0000-0002-2165-7111

Sezgin Ayan 0000-0001-8077-0512

Ali Turan 0000-0001-6563-6315

Muharrem Yılmaz 0000-0002-3939-9907

Selim Karagol 0000-0002-8918-3207

Salih Çolak 0000-0002-1030-6121

Project Number 219O234
Early Pub Date December 18, 2023
Publication Date December 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA İslam, A., Ayan, S., Turan, A., Yılmaz, M., et al. (2023). Morphometric Diversity for Rootstock Characteristics of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.) Populations in The Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(4), 1416-1426. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1285059