Kocaeli Yarımca RO-RO Limanı’ndaki Çakma Kazıkların Zamanla Taşıma Kapasitesi Artışlarının İncelenmesi

Year 2024, , 1836 - 1857, 15.12.2024

Mehmet İnce , Ahmet Karakaş , Özkan Coruk , Ozan Yüksel

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1449832

Abstract

Çakma kazıkların yük taşıma kapasitesi zamanla değişir ve bu değişim, 'direnç artışı' ve 'direnç azalışı' olarak incelenir. Bu olgular genellikle aşırı boşluk suyu basıncının dağılmasıyla ilişkilidir. Kazık/zemin direnç artışı, kazık derinlik-çap oranı, geçen zaman ve zemin türü gibi faktörlere bağlıdır. Maksimum kapasite artışını değerlendirmek için ilk kapasite ölçümü çakma işleminden hemen sonra, ikinci ölçüm ise mümkün olduğunca ileri bir zamanda yapılır. Yarımca Ro-Ro Limanı inşaatında, proje teknik şartnamelerine ve ilgili standartlara uygun olarak 436 kazık çakılmış ve %100 dinamik test ile taşıma kapasiteleri belirlenmiştir. 24 kazıkta tekrar çakım yapılarak kapasite artışı gözlemlenmiştir. İlk ve tekrar çakım sonuçları, geçen zaman ve zemin koşullarının etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Kazık kapasite artış oranları 1.46 ile 3.41 arasında değişim göstermektedir. Toplam taşıma kapasitesi artışında, çevre sürtünme direncinin uç direncinden daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kapasite artışları ile tekrar çakım zaman aralığı arasında belirgin bir ilişki kurulamamıştır. Kazıklarda zamanla kapasite değişimi, farklı araştırmacılar tarafından özellikle direnç artışı üzerine yoğun çalışmalarla incelenmekte ve kapasite artış faktörlerinin denetlediği bağıntılar geliştirmeye çalışılmaktadır. Ancak, henüz ortak görüş birliğiyle oluşturulmuş ve standardize edilmiş bir bağıntıya ulaşılamamıştır. Tekrar çakım ile kazık kapasitesindeki artışın projeye dahil edilmesi, kazık uzunlukları ve çakma ekipman kapasitesinin azaltılması gibi proje maliyetlerinin düşürülmesine katkı sağlayabilir. Vaka analizi ve veri paylaşımı ile bu alanda yapılmakta olan çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı kaçınılmazdır.

Keywords

Çakma Kazık, Kazık Kapasite Artışı, Kazık Taşıma Kapasitesi, Pile Dinamik Test

Investigation of the Time-Dependent Increase in Bearing Capacity of Driven Piles at Kocaeli Yarımca RO-RO Port

Abstract

The load-bearing capacity of driven piles changes over time, and this change is investigated as 'set-up' (resistance increase) and 'relaxation' (resistance decrease). These phenomena are generally associated with the dissipation of excess porewater pressure. Pile/soil resistance increase depends on factors such as pile depth-to-diameter ratio, elapsed time, and soil type. To assess the maximum capacity increase, the first capacity measurement is conducted immediately after pile driving, while the second measurement is taken as late as possible. During the construction of the Yarımca Ro-Ro Port, 436 piles were driven in accordance with the project's technical specifications and relevant standards, and their load-bearing capacities were determined using 100% dynamic testing. Capacity increases were observed in 24 piles after restriking. The results of the initial and re-driving tests were analyzed in terms of elapsed time and soil conditions. The rate of pile capacity increase ranged from 1.46 to 3.41. It was found that the increase in total load-bearing capacity was primarily due to skin friction, which was greater than end-bearing resistance. A significant relationship between capacity increases and the interval between re-driving could not be established. The time-dependent capacity changes in piles are a focus of intensive studies, particularly on resistance gain, with researchers striving to develop correlations controlled by capacity increase factors. However, a standardized correlation has not yet been reached with consensus. Including the increase in pile capacity from re-driving in the project could contribute to cost reduction by minimizing pile lengths and driving equipment capacity. It is inevitable that case studies and data sharing will contribute to ongoing research in this field.

Keywords

Driven Pile, Pile Set-Up, Pile Bearing Capacity, Pile Dynamic Testing

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