Color/ Pattern Variation of Cercopis vulnerata Rossi, 1807 (Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae) Populations of Northwestern Turkey
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine color/pattern variation in some C. vulnerata populations in northwestern of Turkey. Three different phenotypes were recognized according to wing color/pattern, two of which are C. vulnerata var. typica and C. vulnerata var. helvetica. The third phenotype has a different pattern from all known variants of this species. The data about the color/pattern variation of C. vulnerata were examined for the first time in Turkey with this study. Besides color/pattern differences, size differences were examined. The samples were classified according to their color/pattern differences and also the total length of the individuals were measured. In order to assure whether the differences are statistically significant among the variants and between sexes, One-Way ANOVA and independent t-test were used. Differences in body size among all variants were significant (P <0.01). The populations of C. vulnerata var. helvetica are overwhelmed in the region. In this variant, it was also found that there was a sexual dimorphism in size, and male individuals were larger than females. This feature was significant (♀♀ n = 50, ♂♂ n = 50, P <0.01). In the other variants, no significant difference was found between the sexes.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Project Number
PYO.FEN.1904.16.013
References
- Alford, D. V. (2016). Pests of fruit crops: a color handbook. (Second Edition) CRC press.
- Beldade, P., Brakefield, P. M. and Long, A.D. (2005). Generating phenotypic variation: prospects from ‘‘evo-devo’’ research on Bicyclus anynana wing pattern. Evolution & Development, 7:2, 101-107.
- Carvalho, G. S. and Webb, M. D. (2006). Cercopid Spittle Bugs of the New World (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cercopidae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99:6, 1259–1260.
- Castro-Valderrama, U., Romero-Nápoles, J., Peck, D. C., Valdez-Carrasco, J. M., Llanderal-Cázares C., Bravo-Mojica H. & Cibrián-Llanderal V. D. (2017). First report of spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) associated with Pinus species (Pinaceae) in Mexico. Florida Entomologist, 100(1): 206-208.
- Chown, S.L. & Gaston, K.J. (2010). Body size variations in insects: a macroecological perspective. Biological Reviews, 85: 139-169.
- Dusolier, F. (2004). Hemipteres nouveaux ou rares pou le Massif Armorican (Hexapoda, Hemiptera). Bulletin de Societe des Sciences Naturelles Quest de la France, 26: 128-137.
- Halkka, O. & Halkka, L. (1990).Population genetics of the polymorphic meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.). Evolutionary Biology, 24: 149–191.
- Heller, F. (1985). Cercopis vulnerata (Rossi) var. confluens var. nova (Homoptera, Cercopidae). Mitteilungen des Entomologischen Vereins Stuttgart 1869 e.V, 20: 16-18.
- Hochkirch, A., Deppermann, J. & Gröning J. (2008). Phenotypic plasticity in insects: the effects of substrate color on thecoloration of two ground-hopper species. Evolution & Development, 10(3): 350-359.
- Holzinger, W. E., Kammerlander I. & Nickel H. (2003). The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excl. Cicadellidae. Koninklijke Brill NV.
