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Giresun İlinde Farklı Aktif kömürler Kullanılarak Havadaki BTEX-VOC Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 324 - 335, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.787100

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2018 yılı Sonbahar ve 2019 yılı Kış mevsimlerinde Giresun İli’ndeki havadaki BTEX-VOC konsantrasyonları pasif örnekleme metodu kullanılarak belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Giresun’daki bazı bölgelerde hem doğalgaz hem kömür kullanımının yaygın olması sebebiyle, doğalgaz ile kömür kullanılan bölgeler arasındaki farkın göz önüne serilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Her bir istasyonun sahil ve iç kesiminden 3+3=6 numune alınmış olup, 8 istasyon belirlenmiştir. Toplamda 48 numune analiz edilmiştir. Tüplerin içine farklı türde aktif karbonlar (odun, kömür, hindistan cevizi bazlı) doldurulmuş ve 30 gün açık havada bekletilmiştir. Toplanan örnekleme tüplerindeki aktif karbonlar ekstrakte edildikten sonra GRÜM lab’da GC-MS cihazı ile analizleri yapılmıştır. İstasyonlar göz ardı edilerek, ortalama ppb olarak; odun bazlı aktif kömür kullanıldığında, Sonbaharda; benzen:39.8; toluen:29.3; etilbenzen: 336; m-p ksilen:786; o-ksilen: 416; Kış mevsiminde; benzen: 4.02; toluen, etilbenzen ve m-p ksilen tespit edilemedi, o- ksilen:9.70 olarak bulunmuştur. Kömür bazlı aktif karbon için Sonbaharda; benzen:46.7; toluen: 27.8; etil benzen: 41.3; m-p ksilen:83.6; o-ksilen: 33.4; kış mevsiminde benzen:24.5; toluen, etil benzen, m-p ksilen tespit edilemedi, o-ksilen: 61.1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hindistan cevizi aktif karbonda ise, Sonbaharda; benzen: 43.4; toluen:14.8; etilbenzen:52.5; m-p ksilen: 134; o-ksilen: 41.0; kış mevsiminde benzen: 17.2; toluen, etilbenzen, m-p ksilen tespit edilemedi, o-ksilen: 105 olarak tespit edilmiştir. One Way ANOVA- Tukey testi yapılarak istasyonlar arasındaki farklılıklar göz önüne serilmiş ve hem aktif kömürlerde hem de iki mevsim arasında fark olmadığı görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Project Number

FEN-BAP-A-160317-44

Thanks

Giresun Üniversitesi BAP Birimine

References

  • Buczynska, A.J., Krata, A., Stranger, M., Godoi, A.F.L., Kontozova‐ Deutsch, V., Bencs, L., Naveau, I., Roekens, E., Grieken, R.V., 2009. Atmospheric BTEX‐concentrations in an area with intensive street traffic. Atmospheric Environment 43, 311‐318.
  • Buffoni, A., 2002. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide measurements in the framework of the National Integrated Programme for the Control of Forest Ecosystems (CONECOFOR). Journal of Limnology 61, 69-76.).
  • Elbir E., Çetin B., Çetin Eylem vd. Characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their sources in the air of İzmir, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 133 149-160, 2007.
  • Giresun’da hava Kirliliği. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/giresun/giresun-un-hava-kirliligi-raporu-10561340 son erişim tarihi:04.02.2020.
  • Hoque, R.R., Khillare, P.S., Agarwal, T., Shridhar, V., Balachandran, S., 2008. Spatial and temporal variation of BTEX in the urban atmosphere of Delhi, India. Science of the Total Environment 392, 30-40.
  • Karaca, 2011. İstanbul tarihi yarımadasında VOC ve ozonun yer seviyesi yayılımının araştırılması ve risk değerlendirilmesi, Proje sonuç raporu, TÜBİTAK YDABÇAG Proje 109Y174, 2011: 83, Veri Tabanı Adı: TÜBİTAK Destekli Projeler Veri Tabanı, Proje Yer Numarası: 2011‐119.).
  • Krol, S., Zabiegała, B. ve Namiesnik, J., 2010. Monitoring VOCs in atmospheric air II. Sample collection and preparation. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 29, 1101-1112.
  • Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G., Clark, P., 1998. VOC, in A Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 314.
  • Maroni M, Seıfert B, Lındvall T. Indoor Air Quality –A Comprehensive Reference Book. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995.
  • Miller, L., Xu, X., Grgicak‐Mannion, A., Brook, J., Wheeler, A., 2012. Multi‐season, multi‐year concentrations and correlations amongst the BTEX group of VOCs in an urbanized industrial city. Atmospheric Environment 61, 305‐315.
  • Pekey, B., Yılmaz, H., 2011.The use of passive sampling to monitör spatial trends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an industrial city of Turkey. Microchemical Journal 97, 213‐219).
  • Tepe Y., Tunç Dede Ö. (2020) Concentrations of PAH Pollution in the Seawaters of Turkey. In: . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_502.
  • Truc, V. T. Q., Oanh, N.T.K., 2007. Environmental Engineering and Management, SERD, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
  • US EPA. Integrated Risk Information System, 1998a. http://www.epa.gov/iris US EPA. Carcinogenic effects of benzene: an update. Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/P-97001F. Washington, 1998b.
  • WHO-World Health Organization, International agency for research on cancer lists of IARC evaluations according to IARC monographs IARC, Lyon1993.
  • URL-1:http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/giresun/giresun-un-hava-kirliligi-raporu-10561340 son erişim tarihi:04.02.2020.
  • URL-2: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 11.06.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • URL-3: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 20.08.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • URL-4: http://www.agilent.com/chem/store web adresinden 06.02.2020 tarihinde erişildi.

Determination of BTEX-VOC Concentrations in the Air by Using Different Active Coal in Giresun Province

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 324 - 335, 15.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.787100

Abstract

In this study, it was tried to determine the BTEX-VOC concentrations in the air in Giresun Province during the 2018 Fall and 2019 Winter seasons using the passive sampling method. Due to the widespread use of both natural gas and coal in some regions in Giresun, it is aimed to demonstrate the difference between natural gas and coal. Sampling tubes were placed in 8 stations, 3 of which are in the coastal area and 3 in the inner part, that is, a total of 48 samples were analyzed. Different types of activated carbons (wood, coal, coconut based) were filled in the tubes and kept in the open air for 30 days. After the activated carbons in the sampling tubes collected were extracted, they were analyzed with GC-MS device in GRÜM lab. When stations are ignored, average ppb for wood-based activated charcoal results were; benzene: 39.8; toluene: 29.3; ethylbenzene: 336; m-p xylene: 786; o-xylene: 416 in autumn; benzene: 4.02; toluene, ethylbenzene and m-p xylene could not be detected, oxylene: 9.70 in winter. For coal-based activated carbon results were; benzene: 46.7; toluene: 27.8; ethyl benzene: 41.3; m-p xylene: 83.6; o-xylene: 33.4 in autumn; benzene: 24.5; toluene, ethyl benzene, m-p xylene could not be detected, o-xylene: 61.1 in winter. For the coconut-based activated carbon results were; benzene: 43.4; toluene: 14.8; ethylbenzene: 52.5; m-p xylene: 134; o-xylene: 41.0 in autumn; benzene: 17.2; toluene, ethylbenzene, m-p xylene could not be detected, o-xylene: 105 in winter. One Way ANOVA- Tukey test is performed to show differences between stations. Both activated charcoal and seasonal differences were not observed.

Project Number

FEN-BAP-A-160317-44

References

  • Buczynska, A.J., Krata, A., Stranger, M., Godoi, A.F.L., Kontozova‐ Deutsch, V., Bencs, L., Naveau, I., Roekens, E., Grieken, R.V., 2009. Atmospheric BTEX‐concentrations in an area with intensive street traffic. Atmospheric Environment 43, 311‐318.
  • Buffoni, A., 2002. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide measurements in the framework of the National Integrated Programme for the Control of Forest Ecosystems (CONECOFOR). Journal of Limnology 61, 69-76.).
  • Elbir E., Çetin B., Çetin Eylem vd. Characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their sources in the air of İzmir, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 133 149-160, 2007.
  • Giresun’da hava Kirliliği. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/giresun/giresun-un-hava-kirliligi-raporu-10561340 son erişim tarihi:04.02.2020.
  • Hoque, R.R., Khillare, P.S., Agarwal, T., Shridhar, V., Balachandran, S., 2008. Spatial and temporal variation of BTEX in the urban atmosphere of Delhi, India. Science of the Total Environment 392, 30-40.
  • Karaca, 2011. İstanbul tarihi yarımadasında VOC ve ozonun yer seviyesi yayılımının araştırılması ve risk değerlendirilmesi, Proje sonuç raporu, TÜBİTAK YDABÇAG Proje 109Y174, 2011: 83, Veri Tabanı Adı: TÜBİTAK Destekli Projeler Veri Tabanı, Proje Yer Numarası: 2011‐119.).
  • Krol, S., Zabiegała, B. ve Namiesnik, J., 2010. Monitoring VOCs in atmospheric air II. Sample collection and preparation. Trends in Analytical Chemistry 29, 1101-1112.
  • Lincoln, R., Boxshall, G., Clark, P., 1998. VOC, in A Dictionary of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 314.
  • Maroni M, Seıfert B, Lındvall T. Indoor Air Quality –A Comprehensive Reference Book. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995.
  • Miller, L., Xu, X., Grgicak‐Mannion, A., Brook, J., Wheeler, A., 2012. Multi‐season, multi‐year concentrations and correlations amongst the BTEX group of VOCs in an urbanized industrial city. Atmospheric Environment 61, 305‐315.
  • Pekey, B., Yılmaz, H., 2011.The use of passive sampling to monitör spatial trends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an industrial city of Turkey. Microchemical Journal 97, 213‐219).
  • Tepe Y., Tunç Dede Ö. (2020) Concentrations of PAH Pollution in the Seawaters of Turkey. In: . The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_502.
  • Truc, V. T. Q., Oanh, N.T.K., 2007. Environmental Engineering and Management, SERD, Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
  • US EPA. Integrated Risk Information System, 1998a. http://www.epa.gov/iris US EPA. Carcinogenic effects of benzene: an update. Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/P-97001F. Washington, 1998b.
  • WHO-World Health Organization, International agency for research on cancer lists of IARC evaluations according to IARC monographs IARC, Lyon1993.
  • URL-1:http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/giresun/giresun-un-hava-kirliligi-raporu-10561340 son erişim tarihi:04.02.2020.
  • URL-2: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 11.06.2018 tarihinde erişildi.
  • URL-3: https://mgm.gov.tr/?il=Giresun web adresinden 20.08.2019 tarihinde erişildi.
  • URL-4: http://www.agilent.com/chem/store web adresinden 06.02.2020 tarihinde erişildi.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Alev Elkaya This is me 0000-0003-1880-4309

Aysun Türkmen 0000-0001-7461-4038

Project Number FEN-BAP-A-160317-44
Publication Date December 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Elkaya, A., & Türkmen, A. (2020). Giresun İlinde Farklı Aktif kömürler Kullanılarak Havadaki BTEX-VOC Konsantrasyonlarının Belirlenmesi. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.787100