Sarp-Giresun Otoyol Çevresindeki Yapraklı Karayosunlarında Ağır Metal Analizleri

Year 2022, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 976 - 994, 15.12.2022

Bahadır Koz

https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1180758

Abstract

Ağır metalleri biriktirme yeteneklerinden dolayı karayosunları, özellikle havadaki ağır metal kirliliğini takip edebilmek için oldukça uygundur. Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz bölgesindeki(Sarp-Giresun) karayosunları ve toprakları ağır metal analizi, ICP-MS (Endüktif Eşleştirilmiş Plazma – Kütle Spektrometresi) spektrometri yöntemi kullanılarak belirlendi. Karayosunlarının nitel analizi neticesinde, numunelerin V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb içerdiği gösterildi. Şehir merkezlerinden alınan karayosunu örneklerinde Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr ve V ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri 23,26, 101,15, 42,26, 55,45, 8,21, 5413,12, 333,58, 18,19 ve 27,00 olarak belirlenirken, şehirler arasından alınan karayosunu örneklerinde ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri sırasıyla 17,57, 96,79, 42,38, 52,76, 6,23, 4561,71, 318,00, 17,65 ve 26,52 mg/kg olarak bulundu. Genel olarak karayosunlarında vanadyum, krom, mangan, demir, kobalt, nikel, bakır, çinko ve kurşun konsantrasyonlarının 2006-2017 yılları arasında azaldığı görüldü. Şehir merkezlerinden alınan toprak örneklerinde, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr ve V ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri 30,53, 166,19, 87,62, 183,12, 20,04, 15334,61, 730,63, 28,43 ve 50,83 mg/kg, merkez aralarından alınan toprak örneklerinde ortalama konsantrasyon değerleri sırasıyla şöyledir: 25,61, 286,21, 79,07, 123,89, 22,35, 14801,74, 461,79, 23,62 ve 44,57. Türkiye'de Sarp-Giresun Karayolu'ndaki karayosunlarında ki ağır metal konsantrasyonların da azalma olmasına rağmen, Dünya ile kıyaslandığında karayosunlarındaki ağır metal konsantrasyonları hala yüksek olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

Karayosunu, Ağır Metal, ICP-MS, Kirlilik, Moss, Heavy metal, Pollution

Supporting Institution

Giresun Üniversitesi, BAP(Bilimsel Araştırma Prıjeleri) Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

FEN-BAP-A-010617-142

Thanks

Bu araştırma Giresun Üniversitesi BAP(Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri) koordinatörlüğü tarafından FEN-BAP-A-010617-142 numaralı proje ile finansal olarak desteklenmiştir, teşekkür ederiz.

Heavy Metal Analysis in Mosses Around Sarp-Giresun Highway

Abstract

Because of their ability to accumulate heavy metals, mosses are especially suitable to monitor heavy metal airborne pollution. The heavy metal analysis of mosses and soil in the East Black Sea region(Sarp-Giresun) of Turkey is determined using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer) spectrometry method. A qualitative moss analysis has shown that the samples contained V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb. While the mean concentration values of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb in the moss samples collected from city centers are determined as 27.00, 18.19, 333.58, 5413.12, 8.21, 55.45, 42.26, 101.15 and 23.26 mg/kg, the mean concentration values in the moss samples collected from the city intervals are found as 26.52, 17.65, 318.00, 4561.71, 6.23, 52.76, 42.38, 96.79 and 17.57 mg/kg, respectively. In general, the concentration of Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Lead in mosses decreased between 2006 and 2017. While the mean concentration values of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and V in the soil samples collected from city centers are 30.53, 166.19, 87.62, 183.12, 20.04, 15334.61, 730.63, 28.43, and 50.83 mg/kg, the mean concentration values in the soil samples collected from the city intervals are 25.61, 286.21, 79.07,123.89, 22.35, 14801.74, 461.79, 23.62 and 44.57 mg/kg, respectively. Despite the decrease in heavy metal concentrations in mosses on Sarp-Giresun Highway in Turkey, it is seen that heavy metal concentrations in mosses are still high when compared to the world.

Keywords

Moss, Heavy metal, ICP-MS, Pollution

Project Number

FEN-BAP-A-010617-142

References

• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, available at: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/.
• Communities of the European Commission, 2002. Commission Regulation (EC) 221/2002 of 6 February 2002 amending regulation (EC) No.466/2002 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official journal of the European Communities. Brussels, 6 February 2002; 2008.
• Dockery, D.W., 2001. Epidemiological evidence of cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109; 483–486.
• Frey,W., Frahm, J. P., Fischer, E., Lobin,W. Die Moosund Farnpfanzen Europas. Stuttgart: G. Fischer; 1985.
• Garg, B.D., Cadle, S.H., Mulawa, P.A., Groblicki, P.J., Laroo, C. and Parr, G.A., 2000. Brake wear particulate matter emissions. Environmental Science Technology, 34; 4463-4469.
• Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse , A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A., 2007. Temporal trends in the concentration of arsenic, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, vanadium and zinc in mosses across Europe between 1990 and 2000. Atmospheric Environment, 41; 6673-6687.
• Harmens, H., Norris, D.A., Koerber, G.R., Buse, A., Steinnes, E., Ruhling, A., 2008. Temporal trends (1990-2000) in the concentration of cadmium, lead, and mercury in mosses across Europa. Environmental Pollution, 151; 368-376.
• Herpin, U., Berlekamp, J., Markert,B., Wolterbeek, B., Grodzinska, K., Sievers, U., Lieth, H., Weckert, V., 1996. The distribution of heavy metals in a transect of the three states Netherlands, Germany and Poland determined with the aid of moss monitoring. Science of the Total Environment, 187; 185-198.
• Hulskotte, J.H.J., Denier van der Gon, H.A.C., Visschedijk, A.J.H., Schaap, M., 2007. Brake wear from vehicles as an important source of diffuse copper pollution. Water Science & Technology, 56; 223-231.
• http://www.cevreorman.gov.tr/moz (15.Şubat.2006).
• http://www.ekonomihaber7.com (8.Mart.2018)
• http://www.tuik.gov.tr (28.Şubat.2018)
• IARC., 1993. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Vol. 58, Lyon, France.
• Ilyin, I., Travnikov, O., 2005. Modelling of Heavy Metal Airborne Pollution in Europa: Evaluation of the Model Performance. EMEP/MSC-E Technical Report 8/2005.
• Koz, B., Cevik, U., Ozdemir, T., Duran, C., Kaya, S., Gundogdu, A. and Celik, N., 2008. Analysis of mosses along Sarp-Samsun highway in Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153; 646-654.
• Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East, Moscow, Russian Federation. Available from:
• Markert, B.A., Breure, A.M., Zechmeister, H.G. Bioindicators&Biomonitors, Principles, Concepts and Applications. London, 334; 2003.
• Massadeh, A.M. Snook, R.D., 2002. Determination of Pb and Cd in road dusts over the period in which Pb was removed from petrol in the UK. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4; 567–572.
• Mukherjee, B., Patra, B., Mahapatra, S., Banerjee, P., Tiwari, A., Chatterjee, M., 2004. Vanadium-An elementof atypical biological significance. Toxicology Letters, 150; 135-143.
• Ozaki, H., Watanabe, I., Kuno, K., 2004. Investigation of the heavy metal sources in relation to automobiles. Water, Air&Soil Pollution, 157; 209-223.
• Pedrotti, C. C. Flora Dei Muschi D’İtalia. Rome: Antonia Delfino Editore; 2001.
• Sassman, S., Weidinger, M., Adlassnig, W., Hofhansl, F.,Bock, B.,Lang, I., 2015. Zinc and copper uptake in Physcomitrella patens: limitationsand effects on growth and morphology. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2015b; 118; 12-20.
• Smith, A. J. E. The moss flora of Britain and Ireland. Edinburgh: Cambridge University Press; 2004.
• Thorpe A., Harrison, R.M., 2008. Sources and properties of non-exhoust particulate matter from road traffic: a review, Science of the Total Environment, 400; 270-282.
• Thöni, L., Yurukova, L., Bergamini, A., Ilyin, I., Matthaei, D., 2011. Temporal trends and spatial patterns of heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Bulgaria and Switzerland: 1990-2005. Atmospheric Environment, 45; 1899-1912.
• Turkmen.M., Dura, N., 2016. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in fish from south western black sea. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Science, 45(11); 1552-1559.
• U.S. Government. Control of emissions of hazrdous air pollutants from mobile sources; final rule. Federal register 40, CFR parts 80 and 86. US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; 2001.
• Westerlund, K.G., Johansson, C. Emissions of metals and particulate matter due to wear of brake linings in Stockholm. In: Brebbia, C.A., Martin-Duque, J.F.(Eds), Air Pollution X. WIT Press, Southampton, pp793-802; 2002.
• Wolterbeek, B., 2002. Biomonitoring of trace element air pollution: principles, possibilities and perspectives. Environmental Pollution, 120 (1); 11–21.
• World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria 58- Chromium. Geneva: WHO; 1988a.
• World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria-Mangenese. Geneva: WHO; 1980b
• World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria- Cadmium. Geneva: WHO; 1992
• World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria- Nickel. Geneva: WHO; 1991a
• World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria- Zinc. Geneva: WHO; 2001a
• Vanderpoorten, A., Goffinet, B. Introduction to bryophytes. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2009.
• Zechmeister, H. G., Grodzinska, K., & Szarek-Lukaszewska, G. Bryophytes. In B. A. Markert, A.M. Breure, & H. G. Zechmeister (Eds.), Bioindicators/biomonitors (principles, assessment, concepts) (pp. 329–374). Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2003.
• Zechmeister, H.G., Hohenwallner, D., Riss, A., Hanus-Illnar, A., 2005. Estimation of element deposition derived from roadtraffic sources by using mosses. Environmental Pollution, 138; 238-249.