Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Internet of Things Based Instant Liquid Level Monitoring and Control for Vessels

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1281 - 1305, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1695614

Abstract

Instantaneous monitoring and control of liquid levels in ship tanks is vital for operational efficiency, vessel stability, and environmental safety. This study presents and evaluates the performance of an Internet of Things based prototype system designed for real-time liquid level management in maritime applications. The system integrates multiple ultrasonic sensors for level measurement, an ESP32 microcontroller for data processing and Wi-Fi transmission, and the Blynk mobile application for remote monitoring and pump/valve control. A local control unit consisting of an Arduino Uno, keypad, and LCD display provides redundancy and manual intervention with password protection. The study investigates system performance under static and dynamic conditions, especially in the presence of periodic mechanical and random manual vibrations. Findings show that using a moving average filter with optimized window sizes (e.g., 5, 7, or 9) significantly increases measurement accuracy, achieving over 99% accuracy in fill rate calculations under periodic vibration. Whereas random oscillations lower precision, increased filter windows increase stability, obtaining on average up to 98.6% accuracy. The results demonstrate the applicability of the system to reliable liquid level regulation on ships and show the importance of efficient signal filtering method to reduce vibration-induced errors, offering an innovative solution for maritime sector.

Supporting Institution

TuBITAK

Project Number

1919B012409663

Thanks

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the 2209-A Program for Supporting Research Projects of Undergraduate Students, project number 1919B012409663. The authors would like to thank TÜBİTAK for its financial support and contribution to the research process.

References

  • Abbod, A. A., & Zwyer, N. B. (2021). Using internet of things techniques to measure parameters of oil tanks. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies, 11(1), 153-167.
  • Bakar, C. (2015). Hasarsız stabilite kriterlerinin karşılaştırmalı değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Bhookya, J., Kumar, M. V., Kumar, J. R., & Rao, A. S. (2022). Implementation of PID controller for liquid level system using mGWO and integration of IoT application. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 28, 100368.
  • Gondkar, S. S., Pardeshi, D. B., & William, P. (2022, May). Innovative system for water level management using IoT to prevent water wastage. In 2022 International conference on applied artificial intelligence and computing (ICAAIC) (pp. 1555-1558). IEEE.
  • Hapsari, A. W., Prastowo, H., & Pitana, T. (2021). Real-Time Fuel Consumption Monitoring System Integrated With Internet Of Things (IOT). Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan, 18(2), 88-100.
  • Huque, M. T., Ghoduli, J. J., Pushon, S. M. R. R., Ekah, F. Z., Haque, E., & Shanto, S. A. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor Pump Control System for Prevent Water Waste. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 10(6), 352-361.
  • Olisa, S. C., Asiegbu, C. N., Olisa, J. E., Ekengwu, B. O., Shittu, A. A., & Eze, M. C. (2021). Smart two-tank water quality and level detection system via IoT. Heliyon, 7(8).
  • Perumal, T., Sulaiman, M. N., & Leong, C. Y. (2015, October). Internet of Things (IoT) enabled water monitoring system. In 2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) (pp. 86-87). IEEE.
  • Ray, P. P., Thapa, N., Dash, D., & De, D. (2019). Novel implementation of IoT based non-invasive sensor system for real-time monitoring of intravenous fluid level for assistive e-healthcare. Circuit World, 45(3), 109-123.
  • Sachio, S., Noertjahyana, A., & Lim, R. (2018, December). IoT based water level control system. In 2018 3rd technology innovation management and engineering science international conference (TIMES-iCON) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Sasikala, G., Srinivasan, S., Navarajan, J., & Theresa, M. M. (2022, August). IoT based water level monitoring and management in reservoir. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) (pp. 1763-1767). IEEE.
  • Sharma, A. A. (2020). Review on IoT based water level sensing and controlling. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(07), 1092-1094.
  • URL-1, https://mr-marinegroup.com/instruments-controls/all-services/tank-level-monitoring/ (Date Accessed: 27 March 2025)
  • URL-2, https://www.bunkerist.com/deniz-yakit-yonetimi-marine-fuel-management/ (Date Accessed: 27 March 2025)
  • URL-3, https://blynk.io/ (Date Accessed: 11 July 2025).
  • Woolf, P. J. (2009). Chemical process dynamics and controls. University of Michigan Chemical Engineering.
  • Zhang, X., Yu, M., Ma, Z., Ouyang, H., Zou, Y., Zhang, S. L., & Wang, Z. L. (2019). Self‐powered distributed water level sensors based on liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerators for vessel draft detecting. Advanced Functional Materials, 29(41), 1900327.

Gemiler İçin Nesnelerin İnternetine Dayalı Anlık Sıvı Seviyesi İzleme ve Kontrolü

Year 2025, Volume: 15 Issue: 3, 1281 - 1305, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1695614

Abstract

Gemi tanklarındaki sıvı seviyelerinin anlık izlenmesi ve kontrolü, operasyonel verimlilik, gemi stabilitesi ve çevresel güvenlik için hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, denizcilik uygulamalarında gerçek zamanlı sıvı seviyesi yönetimi için tasarlanan Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) tabanlı bir prototip sistemi sunmakta ve performansını değerlendirmektedir. Sistem, seviye ölçümü için çoklu HC-SR04 ultrasonik sensör, veri işleme ve Wi-Fi iletimi için bir ESP32 mikrodenetleyici ve uzaktan izleme ile pompa/valf kontrolü için Blynk mobil uygulamasını entegre etmektedir. Arduino Uno, tuş takımı ve LCD ekrandan oluşan yerel bir kontrol ünitesi ise şifre korumasıyla yedeklilik ve manuel müdahale imkanı sunmaktadır. Çalışma, sistemin statik ve dinamik koşullar altında, özellikle periyodik mekanik titreşimler ve rastgele manuel titreşimlerin etkisi altındaki performansını incelemektedir. Temel bulgular, optimize edilmiş pencere boyutlarına (örneğin 5, 7 veya 9) sahip bir kayan ortalama filtresi kullanmanın ölçüm doğruluğunu önemli ölçüde artırdığını ve periyodik titreşim altında doluluk oranı hesaplamalarında %99'un üzerinde bir doğruluk elde edildiğini göstermektedir. Rastgele titreşimler genel doğruluğu düşürse de, daha büyük filtre pencere boyutlarının kararlılığı iyileştirerek ortalama %98.6'ya varan bir doğruluk sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, sistemin gemilerde güvenilir sıvı seviye yönetimi için uygulanabilirliğini ve titreşim kaynaklı hataları azaltmak için uygun sinyal filtreleme stratejilerinin önemini vurgulamakta ve denizcilik sektörüne özel yenilikçi bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

Project Number

1919B012409663

References

  • Abbod, A. A., & Zwyer, N. B. (2021). Using internet of things techniques to measure parameters of oil tanks. Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies, 11(1), 153-167.
  • Bakar, C. (2015). Hasarsız stabilite kriterlerinin karşılaştırmalı değerlendirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Bhookya, J., Kumar, M. V., Kumar, J. R., & Rao, A. S. (2022). Implementation of PID controller for liquid level system using mGWO and integration of IoT application. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 28, 100368.
  • Gondkar, S. S., Pardeshi, D. B., & William, P. (2022, May). Innovative system for water level management using IoT to prevent water wastage. In 2022 International conference on applied artificial intelligence and computing (ICAAIC) (pp. 1555-1558). IEEE.
  • Hapsari, A. W., Prastowo, H., & Pitana, T. (2021). Real-Time Fuel Consumption Monitoring System Integrated With Internet Of Things (IOT). Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan, 18(2), 88-100.
  • Huque, M. T., Ghoduli, J. J., Pushon, S. M. R. R., Ekah, F. Z., Haque, E., & Shanto, S. A. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Water Tank Level Monitoring and Motor Pump Control System for Prevent Water Waste. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 10(6), 352-361.
  • Olisa, S. C., Asiegbu, C. N., Olisa, J. E., Ekengwu, B. O., Shittu, A. A., & Eze, M. C. (2021). Smart two-tank water quality and level detection system via IoT. Heliyon, 7(8).
  • Perumal, T., Sulaiman, M. N., & Leong, C. Y. (2015, October). Internet of Things (IoT) enabled water monitoring system. In 2015 IEEE 4th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE) (pp. 86-87). IEEE.
  • Ray, P. P., Thapa, N., Dash, D., & De, D. (2019). Novel implementation of IoT based non-invasive sensor system for real-time monitoring of intravenous fluid level for assistive e-healthcare. Circuit World, 45(3), 109-123.
  • Sachio, S., Noertjahyana, A., & Lim, R. (2018, December). IoT based water level control system. In 2018 3rd technology innovation management and engineering science international conference (TIMES-iCON) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
  • Sasikala, G., Srinivasan, S., Navarajan, J., & Theresa, M. M. (2022, August). IoT based water level monitoring and management in reservoir. In 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) (pp. 1763-1767). IEEE.
  • Sharma, A. A. (2020). Review on IoT based water level sensing and controlling. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(07), 1092-1094.
  • URL-1, https://mr-marinegroup.com/instruments-controls/all-services/tank-level-monitoring/ (Date Accessed: 27 March 2025)
  • URL-2, https://www.bunkerist.com/deniz-yakit-yonetimi-marine-fuel-management/ (Date Accessed: 27 March 2025)
  • URL-3, https://blynk.io/ (Date Accessed: 11 July 2025).
  • Woolf, P. J. (2009). Chemical process dynamics and controls. University of Michigan Chemical Engineering.
  • Zhang, X., Yu, M., Ma, Z., Ouyang, H., Zou, Y., Zhang, S. L., & Wang, Z. L. (2019). Self‐powered distributed water level sensors based on liquid–solid triboelectric nanogenerators for vessel draft detecting. Advanced Functional Materials, 29(41), 1900327.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electronic Sensors
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erhan Sesli 0000-0002-0039-2927

Oğuzhan Yaman 0009-0008-5712-8618

Enes Gündoğu 0009-0004-6920-6047

Canan Aksoy 0000-0003-3738-6886

Project Number 1919B012409663
Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date May 8, 2025
Acceptance Date August 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Sesli, E., Yaman, O., Gündoğu, E., Aksoy, C. (2025). Internet of Things Based Instant Liquid Level Monitoring and Control for Vessels. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1281-1305. https://doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1695614