ULUSLARARASI YAKLAŞIMLA YAPAY ZEKÂ VE YAPAY ZEKÂ MARİFETİYLE DELİLLERE ERİŞİM

İslam Safa Kaya; Huzeyfe Karabay

doi:10.59909/khm.1424937

TR EN

ULUSLARARASI YAKLAŞIMLA YAPAY ZEKÂ VE YAPAY ZEKÂ MARİFETİYLE DELİLLERE ERİŞİM

Öz

Yapay zekânın günümüzde oldukça merak uyandıran kavramların başında geldiğini görmekteyiz. Bilimin pek çok alanında bugün yapay zekâ konuşulmaktadır. Artısıyla eksisiyle doktrinde tartışılan yapay zekâ, hukuk biliminin de ilgisini çekmeyi başarmıştır. Yapay zekâ kullanılarak geliştirilen uygulamalar, hukukun işini kolaylaştırmaya yarayacak şekilde işlerlik kazanmaktadır. Bilhassa ceza muhakemesinde delile erişimde yapay zekânın aktif olarak kullanılması yargı makamlarının işlerini kolaylaştıracaktır; ancak diğer taraftan da bu uygulama içerisinde soru işaretlerini de her zaman barındıracaktır. Zira delile erişen bir yapay zekânın yargılama makamlarını manipüle etme ihtimali hiçbir zaman gözlerden uzak tutulmamalıdır. Yapay zekâ uluslararası hukukun da bir parçası olmayı başarmıştır. Hâlihazırda Avrupa Birliği'nde yapay zekâyla ilgili kapsamlı kurallar hazırlanmaktadır. Bu kurallar yürürlüğe girdiğinde uluslararası çapta dünyanın ilk yapay zekâ kuralları olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yapay zeka , delil , ceza , uluslararası hukuk , ceza muhakemesi

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE AND ACCESS TO EVIDENCE THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Abstract

We see that artificial intelligence is one of the most intriguing concepts today. Artificial intelligence is discussed in many fields of science today. Artificial intelligence, which is discussed in the doctrine with its pros and cons, has also managed to attract the attention of legal science. Applications developed using artificial intelligence are gaining functionality in a way to facilitate the work of the law. Especially in criminal procedure, the active use of artificial intelligence in accessing evidence will facilitate the work of the judicial authorities; however, on the other hand, this practice will always contain question marks. The possibility that an artificial intelligence accessing evidence may manipulate the judicial authorities should never be kept out of sight. Artificial intelligence has also become a part of international law. Comprehensive rules on artificial intelligence are currently being prepared in the European Union. When these rules come into force, they will be the world's first artificial intelligence rules on an international scale.

Keywords

artificial intelligence , criminal , evidence , international law , criminal procedure

References

Artificial Intelligence. “Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence”. Son güncelleme 30.12.2023. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf.
Berk, Mustafa Evren. “Dijital Çağın Yeni Tehlikesi ‘Deepfake’ ”. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi. 16/28 (2020): (s. 1508-1523).
Birtek, Fatih. AİHM, Anayasa Mahkemesi ve Yargıtay Kararları Işığında Ceza Muhakemesinde Delil ve İspat. Ankara: Adalet Yayınları, 2016.
Burri, Thomas. “International Law and Artificial Intelligence”. German Yearbook of International Law. 60 (2017): (s. 91-108).
Carrão, Maria do Céu Cunha. “Artificial Intelligence in Criminal Proceedings the Admissibility of AI-Generated Evidence”. (2022): (s. 1-82). https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/145184/1/Carrão_2022.pdf. (erişim: 05.09.2023).
Centel, Nur ve Hamide Zafer. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku El Kitabı. İstanbuıl: Beta Yayıncılık, 2009.
Centel, Nur ve Hamide Zafer. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık, 2019.
Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence. Son güncelleme 06.05.2024. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-con-tent/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52018DC0795#:~:text=Artificial%20Intelligence%20refers%20to%20systems,autonomy%20—%20to%20achieve%20specific%20goals.
Custers, Bart. “AI in Criminal Law: An Overview of AI Applications in Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law”, Law and Artificial Intelligence: Regulating AI and Applying AI in Legal Practice, (haz., Bart Cus-ters ve Eduard Fosch-Villaronga), The Hague: Asser Press, 2022.
Debesu, Kahsay ve Andualem Eshetu. “Law of Evidence Teaching Material”. Justice and Legal System Rese-arch Institute. (2009): (s. 1-206). https://chilot.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/law-of-evidence.pdf. (erişim: 02.09.2023).

Dempsey, James X. “Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction to the Legal, Policy and Ethical Issues”, Berkeley Center for Law & Technology, (2020): (s. 1-46). https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Artificial-Intelligence-An-Introduction-to-the-Legal-Policy-and-Ethical-Issues_JXD.pdf. (erişim: 31.08.2023).
Economist. “How to worry wisely about artificial intelligence”. Son güncelleme 20.04.2023. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/04/20/how-to-worry-wisely-about-artificial-intelligen-ce?utm_medium=cpc.adword.pd&utm_source=google&ppccampaignID=18151738051&ppcadID=&utm_campaign=a.22brand_pmax&utm_content=conversion.direct-response.anonymous&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIsrvN9NjogQMVHItoCR05-gXdEAAYASAAEgKJsvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds.
Ergen, Mustafa. “What is Artificial Intelligence? Technical Considerations and Future Perception”. Anatol J Cardiol. 22 (2019): (s. 5-7). https://jag.journalagent.com/anatoljcardiol/pdfs/AJC-79091-REVIEW-ERGEN.pdf. (erişim: 25.08.2023).
EU Formally Adopts World’s First AI Law. Son güncelleme 05.05.2024. https://datamatters.sidley.com/2024/03/21/eu-formally-adopts-worlds-first-ai-law/#:~:text=On%20March%2013%2C%202024%2C%20the,of%20legislation%20for%20the%20EU.
EU. “EU AI Act”. Son güncelleme 05.12.2023. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence.
Evidence in Courts. “How to determine the admissibility of AI-generated evidence in courts?”. Son güncelleme 21.07.2023. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/how-determine-admissibility-ai-generated-evidence-courts. Evidence. “What You Need to Know About Evidence”. Son güncelleme 02.09.2023. https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/criminalinvestigation/chapter/chapter-3-what-you-need-to-know-about-evidence/.
Gedik, Doğan. Ceza Muhakemesinde İspat ve Şüphenin Sanık Lehine Yorumlanması. Ankara: Adalet Yayınları, 2023.
Gless, Sabine. “AI in the Courtroom: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Evidence in Criminal Trials”. George-town Journal of International Law. 51/2 (2020): (s. 195-253).
Gökcen, Ahmet ve Kerim Çakır. “Ceza Muhakemesinde Delil, Delillerin Muhafazası, Toplanması, Değerlendi-rilmesi ve Delil Yasakları”. DEÜ Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Prof. Dr. Durmuş Tezcan’a Armağan. 21/Özel Sayı (2019): (s. 2911-2951).
Gökcen, Ahmet, Murat Balcı, Kerim Çakır ve Mehmet Emin Alşahin. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Ankara: Adalet Yayınları, 2023.
Hárs, András. “AI and International Law – Legal Personality and Avenues for Regulation”. Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies. 62/4 (2022): (s. 320-344).
Husan, Sayedul. “Role of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Investigation: A Legal Analysis in Bangladesh Perspective”. Traditional Journal of Law and Social Sciences. 1/2 (2022): (s. 181-192).
Inyang, William Smart ve Gabriel Femi Goodwil. “Forensic Evidence: How Does Admissibility Influence Weight in the Law of Evidence?”. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law. 21/5 (2020): (s. 53-65). Ligeti, Katalin. “Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Justice”. AIDP-IAPL International Congress of Penal Law. (2019): (s. 1-16).
Marathe, Isha. “AI or Not, That Is the Question: Inside the Burgeoning AI Detection Market”. https://www.law.com/legaltechnews/2023/11/10/ai-or-not-that-is-the-question-inside-the-burgeoning-ai-detection-market/. (erişim: 30.12.2023).
Marchant, Gary E. “Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Legal Practice”. The SciTech Lawyer, (2017): (s. 21-23). https://www.iadclaw.org/assets/1/7/10.4-_Marchant-_ai_and_practice_of_law_SciTech_lawyer.pdf. (erişim: 28.08.2023).
Murphy, Erin. “Forensic Evidence”. Reforming Criminal Justice. 3 (2017): (s. 171-192).
Öztürk, Bahri, Durmuş Tezcan, Mustafa Ruhan Erdem ve Özge Sırma Gezer. Nazari ve Uygulamalı Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2019.
Palmiotto, Francesca. “Detecting Deep Fake Evidence with Artificial Intelligence A Critical Look from a Criminal Law Perspective”. (2023): (s. 1-15). https://ssrn.com/abstract=4384122. (erişim: 07.09.2023).
Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter. Son güncelleme 02.05.2024. https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/pause-giant-ai-experiments/.
Pierce, Randy, William Charlton ve Carole Murphey. Handbook of Legal Terminology. Mississippi: Mississippi Judicial College, 2020.
Roth, Andrea. “Machine Testimony”. Yale Law Journal. 126/1 (2017): (s. 1972-2053).
Skorupka, Jerzy. “The Rule of Admissibility of Evidence in the Criminal Process of Continental Europes”. Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal. 7/1 (2021): (s. 93-122).
Spiridonov, Mikhail S. “Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Criminal Procedural Proving”. Journal of Digital Technologies and Law. 1/2 (2023): (s. 481-497).
Surden, Harry. “Artificial Intelligence and Law: An Overview”. Georgia State University Law Review. 35/4 (2019): (s. 1305-1337).
Şahin, Cumhur ve Neslihan Göktürk. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku II. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2014.
Toroslu, Nevzat ve Metin Feyzioğlu. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Ankara: Savaş Yayınevi, 2020.
Türkçe Sözlük. “Delil”. Son güncelleme 01.09.2023. https://sozluk.gov.tr.
Ünver, Yener ve Hakan Hakeri. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2022.
Yenisey, Feridun ve Ayşe Nuhoğlu. Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2020.
Yurtcan, Erdener. Ceza Yargılaması Hukuku. Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları, 2019.

Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Information and Technology Law , Criminal Law , Public International Law

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

İslam Safa Kaya ^*
0000-0001-5681-0756
Türkiye

Huzeyfe Karabay
0000-0001-7640-187X
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

October 26, 2024

Publication Date

October 30, 2024

Submission Date

January 24, 2024

Acceptance Date

July 19, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 4 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1424937

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA33BT98MU

Chicago

Kaya, İslam Safa, and Huzeyfe Karabay. 2024. “ULUSLARARASI YAKLAŞIMLA YAPAY ZEKÂ VE YAPAY ZEKÂ MARİFETİYLE DELİLLERE ERİŞİM”. Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası 4 (2): 739-60. https://doi.org/10.59909/khm.1424937.

Cited By

YAPAY ZEKANIN KARAR VERME SÜRECİNDE KULLANILMASI

Selcuk Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.15337/suhfd.1618142

An Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies in Islamic Inheritance Law Knowledge: A Comparison of ChatGPT and Google Gemini

İslam Hukuku Araştırmaları Dergisi

https://doi.org/10.59777/ihad.1739678

This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International cc.svg?ref=chooser-v1 by.svg?ref=chooser-v1 nc.svg?ref=chooser-v1