Uluslararası Güvenlik Açısından Hegemonik İstikrar Teorisinin Başarısızlığına İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme (Soğuk Savaş Dönemindeki 725 Güvenlik Konseyi Kararının Gösterdikleri)

Year 2022, Issue: 42, 187 - 222, 02.11.2022

Mahir Terzi

https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1084871

Abstract

Bu çalışma, hegemonik istikrar teorisinin başarısını Soğuk Savaş dönemi Güvenlik Konseyi kararları çerçevesinde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda 1946 ile 1991 yılları arasında Güvenlik Konseyi’nin 725 kararı incelenmiş ve içerik olarak sayısal değerlere dönüştürülmüştür. Söz konusu dönemde kararların sınırlı sayıda sorun üzerine yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar, tek bir hegemonik gücün varlığının istikrar sağlamada ana unsur olmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca Soğuk Savaş sonrası döneme bakıldığında Güvenlik Konseyi’nin yükünün arttığını söylemek mümkündür. Tek kutuplu dünyada sorunların arttığı ve çeşitlendiği, uluslararası terörizmin ana aktör olarak ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Hegemonik istikrar teorisi uluslararası güvenlik açısından başarı gösterememiştir. Uluslararası güvenlik için istikrarı tek bir hegemonik güçte değil, çoğulcu bir yapıda aramak gerekmektedir çünkü ulusal çıkarlar ve bu ulusal çıkarların inşa edildiği etnisite ve kültür göz ardı edilerek başarı sağlamak mümkün gözükmemektedir. İki kutuplu düzen ise göreli olarak daha istikrarlı bir güvenlik ortamı sunsa da yüksek tehdit algısı, ülkelerin gelişmeye yönelik potansiyellerini ortaya koymayı engellemektedir.

Keywords

Hegemonik İstikrar Teorisi, Uluslararası Güvenlik, Soğuk Savaş Dönemi, Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi.

An Evaluation of the Failure of the Hegemonic Stability Theory in Terms of International Security (Revelation of 725 Security Council Resolutions Belonging to Cold War Period)

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the success of the hegemonic stability theory within the framework of the Cold War era Security Council resolutions. In this direction, 725 resolutions of the Security Council between 1946 and 1991 have been examined and converted into numerical values in terms of content. It is seen that the decisions focused on a limited number of problems in the said period. The results show that the being of a single hegemonic power is not the main factor in providing stability. In addition, when looked at the post-Cold War period, it is possible to assert that the Security Council’s burden has increased. It is seen that the problems increase and diversify in the unipolar world, and international terrorism comes to the fore as the main actor. Hegemonic stability theory has not been successful in terms of international security. For international security, it is necessary to seek stability in a pluralistic structure, not in a single hegemonic power, because it does not seem possible to achieve success by ignoring national interests and the ethnicity and culture on which these national interests are built. Although the bipolar order offers a relatively stable security environment, the high threat perception prevents countries from revealing their potential for development.

Keywords

Hegemonic Stability Theory, International Security, Cold War Era, United Nations Security Council.

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