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TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES

Year 2006, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 29 - 44, 15.10.2006

Abstract

In the 1240s-1260s, most of the Turkmens, who had been ousted from Central Asia by the Mongol invasion, rather rapidly (during one generation) crossed Anatolia from the east to the west and stopped in the Byzantine-Saljuq borderland. Some of them started the eastward movement through the Black Sea coastal regions in the late 1270s and 1280s. By the 1290s they reached the Eastern Pontos and the frontier of the Empire of Trebizond (I call it “the first nomadic wave”), but the Mongol and Greek military alliance stopped their advance for some decades at the turn of the fourteenth century. In the 1330s, with the collapse of the Mongol power in Anatolia, the nomads attacked the coastal agricultural zones of the Pontos again (the second wave). During the second half of the fourteenth century some of the Turkmens settling in the Pontos moved southwards to the inland areas of East Anatolia.

References

  • Sp. Vryonis, “Nomadization and Islamization in Asia Minor,” in: Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 29, 1975, p. 43-71.
  • Sp. Vryonis, The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century, Berkley (Cal.), 1971
  • C. Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey, London, 1968.
  • Georges Pachymérès, Relations Historiques, éd. A. Failler, vol. 1, Paris, 1984.

XIII. VE XIV. YÜZYILLARDA KARADENİZ'DE İKİ GÖÇ DALGASI

Year 2006, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 29 - 44, 15.10.2006

Abstract

1240-1260 yılları arasında Moğol istilası sebebiyle Orta Asya’dan çıkarılan Türkmenlerin çoğu tercihen hızlı bir şekilde (bir nesil süre-sinde) Anadolu’yu doğudan batıya doğru geçmişler ve Bizans-Selçuklu sınır boyunda durdurulmuşlardır. Türkmenlerin bir kısmı 1270-1280’li yılların sonunda Kara Deniz sahili boyunca doğuya harekete başlayıp 1290’lı yıllarda Doğu Pontus’a Trabzon Rum İmparatorluğu sınırlarına ulaşmışlar, (bunu “birinci göçebe dalgası” olarak adlandırıyorum) fakat Moğol ve Rum askeri ittifakı bunların ilerlemesini durdurmuştur. 1330’lu yıllarda Anadolu’da Moğol idaresinin çökmesiyle birlikte göçebeler Pontus’un sahildeki tarım alanlarına akınlar düzenlemeye başlamışlardır (ikinci dalga). 14. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Pontus’a yerle-şen Türkmenler güneye hareketlenerek Doğu Anadolu’nun iç kesimle-rine yerleşmişlerdir.

References

  • Sp. Vryonis, “Nomadization and Islamization in Asia Minor,” in: Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 29, 1975, p. 43-71.
  • Sp. Vryonis, The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century, Berkley (Cal.), 1971
  • C. Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey, London, 1968.
  • Georges Pachymérès, Relations Historiques, éd. A. Failler, vol. 1, Paris, 1984.
There are 4 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Rustam Shukurov This is me

Publication Date October 15, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Shukurov, R. (2006). TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi, 1(1), 29-44.
AMA Shukurov R. TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. KİD. October 2006;1(1):29-44.
Chicago Shukurov, Rustam. “TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES”. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi 1, no. 1 (October 2006): 29-44.
EndNote Shukurov R (October 1, 2006) TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi 1 1 29–44.
IEEE R. Shukurov, “TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES”, KİD, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 29–44, 2006.
ISNAD Shukurov, Rustam. “TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES”. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi 1/1 (October 2006), 29-44.
JAMA Shukurov R. TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. KİD. 2006;1:29–44.
MLA Shukurov, Rustam. “TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES”. Karadeniz İncelemeleri Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006, pp. 29-44.
Vancouver Shukurov R. TWO WAVES OF NOMADIC MIGRATION IN THE PONTOS IN THE THIRTEENTH-FOURTEENTH CENTURIES. KİD. 2006;1(1):29-44.