Research Article

China's Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Volume: 9 Number: Özel Sayı June 20, 2026
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China's Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Abstract

China’s recognition as a digital authoritarian state stems from the control mechanisms it has developed through its technological tools. The Chinese government has pursued a policy of surveillance targeting the Muslim population in Xinjiang through camera systems. This surveillance was based on security and control. Thus, the situation in Xinjiang demonstrates the extent of China’s nationwide surveillance practices. Many methods, from facial recognition systems to tracking smartphones, have been implemented in surveillance policies in Xinjiang. In this context, the study seeks to answer the following question: “What is the impact of China’s surveillance policy, as a digital authoritarian state, on religious life in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region?” The study first examines the concept of digital authoritarianism, and in this conceptual framework section, it identifies the policies that lead to a state being defined in this way. Some of the Chinese government's practices stand out. It focuses on the Chinese government's strict controls on mosques to suppress/manage religious life in Xinjiang, as well as its failure to recognize religious matters such as beards and headscarves as “normal”. Thus, the Chinese government, often likened to “Big Brother”, continues to maintain its surveillance policy across the country, including in Xinjiang. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that China has become a surveillance state with its own technological capabilities, maintaining control over religious life in Xinjiang through its surveillance policy. This policy, rather than hindering religious life, is based on making access to religious activities more difficult.

Keywords

China, Digital Surveillance, Religion, Xinjiang, Uyghur

References

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APA
Aras, İ., & Günar, A. (2026). China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, 9(Özel Sayı), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1853591
AMA
1.Aras İ, Günar A. China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2026;9(Özel Sayı):96-108. doi:10.52637/kiid.1853591
Chicago
Aras, İlhan, and Altuğ Günar. 2026. “China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 9 (Özel Sayı): 96-108. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1853591.
EndNote
Aras İ, Günar A (June 1, 2026) China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 9 Özel Sayı 96–108.
IEEE
[1]İ. Aras and A. Günar, “China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region”, Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 9, no. Özel Sayı, pp. 96–108, June 2026, doi: 10.52637/kiid.1853591.
ISNAD
Aras, İlhan - Günar, Altuğ. “China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi 9/Özel Sayı (June 1, 2026): 96-108. https://doi.org/10.52637/kiid.1853591.
JAMA
1.Aras İ, Günar A. China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2026;9:96–108.
MLA
Aras, İlhan, and Altuğ Günar. “China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region”. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi, vol. 9, no. Özel Sayı, June 2026, pp. 96-108, doi:10.52637/kiid.1853591.
Vancouver
1.İlhan Aras, Altuğ Günar. China’s Digital Surveillance and Religious Practices in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Kocatepe İslami İlimler Dergisi. 2026 Jun. 1;9(Özel Sayı):96-108. doi:10.52637/kiid.1853591