Avrupa Birliği’nin Rusya-Gürcistan ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışmalarına Karşı Tutumu: Almanya ve Fransa’nın Liderlikleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 24, 310 - 321, 10.05.2021

Yusuf Avar

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.868688

Öz

Öz
Amaç: AB üye devlet sayısı ve karmaşık kurumsal yapısından dolayı AB karar alma mekanizmasında çeşitli sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Karar alma mekanizmasında yaşanılan bu sorun, AB’nin kendi bölgesinde şahit olduğu çatışmalara karşı gösterdiği tutumu da etkilemektedir. Aynı problem AB içinde liderlik sorununu da doğurmaktadır. Bu iddiayı sağlam temellere dayandırmak için çalışma AB’nin Rusya ile yaşadığı sorunları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yararlanmış ve örnek olaylar üzerinden (Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışması) AB’nin liderlik anlayışı incelenmiştir.

Bulgular: Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra Gürcistan ve Ukrayna yönlerini Rusya’dan ziyade Batıya ve özellikle de AB’ye dönmüşlerdir. 2008 yılında da Gürcistan, Güney Osetya ve Abhazya bölgelerinden kaynaklanan sorunlardan dolayı Rusya ile direk karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Fransa AB içinde Rusya’ya karşı ortak tutumda AB içinde liderlik etmiş olsa da istenilen başarı sağlanamamıştır. Ukrayna ise 2013 yılının sonlarında ise özellikle Kırım ve Donbas bölgelerinden dolayı da Rusya ile çatışma yaşamıştır. Bu krizde AB içinde liderliği Almanya üstlenmiş ama istenilen başarı yine de sağlanamamıştır. Kendi yakın çevresinde etkili olmayan AB’nin uluslararası politikada aktörlüğü bu durumlardan dolayı oldukça tartışılmıştır.

Sınırlılıklar: Rusya, Gürcistan ve Ukrayna ile çeşitli sorunlar ve çatışmalar yaşamıştır ve bu durum AB’nin kendi güvenliği içinde tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu yüzden örnek olayların sadece Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışması olması çalışmanın sınırlarıdır.

Özgünlük/Değer: Araştırmanın özgün değeri; Fransa ve Almanya’nın liderlik anlayışını incelemesi ve buradan hareketle AB’nin Rusya-Gürcistan Çatışması ve Rusya-Ukrayna Çatışmasında liderlik anlayışını incelemesidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Aktör Olarak AB, Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı,, Almanya ve Fransa

Approach of the European Union Towards the Russian-Georgia and the Russian-Ukraine Conflicts: Leaderships of Germany and France

Öz

Purpose:
Due to the number of EU member states and its complex institutional structure, the EU has various problems in decision-making procedure. The problem of decision-making procedure also affects the attitude of the EU towards the conflicts which EU has witnessed in its region. The same problem raises the problem of leadership within the EU. In order to base this claim upon solid foundations, the study aims to examine the EU's problems with Russia
Design/Methodology: Qualitative research methods has been used and the leadership understanding of the EU has been examined through case studies (Russia-Georgia Conflict and Russia-Ukraine Conflict).
Findings: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia and Ukraine have turned their face to the West, especially to the EU, rather than Russia. Georgia faced with the attacks of Russia in 2008 due to the problems arising from the regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Although France led the EU in a common policy towards Russia, the desired success could not be achieved. And Ukraine had a conflict with Russia especially due to the Crimea and Donbas regions in the end of 2013. In this crisis, Germany took the lead within the EU, the desired success could not be achieved yet. The EU could not prevent the Russia-Georgia War, as well as the Russia-Ukraine War. Because of these situations, the EU's acting in international policy, which is not effective in its immediate vicinity, has been highly debated.
Limitations: Russia has experienced various problems and conflicts with Georgia and Ukraine, which poses a threat to the EU's own security. Therefore, the fact that the case consists of Russia-Georgia Conflict and Russia-Ukraine Conflict are the limitations of the study
Originality/Value: The original value of the research is to examine the EU's understanding of leadership in the Russia-Georgia Conflict and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict by examining the leadership understanding of France and Germany.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: The EU as a Global Actor, Russia-Georgia War, Russia-Ukraine War, France and Germany

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