Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 24, 37 - 48, 10.05.2021

Eda Dineri Filiz Gölpek

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of enrollment rates at primary, secondary and higher education levels and physical fixed capital on economic growth for the period 1980-2016.
Design/Methodology: In this study, firstly, traditional unit root tests and unit root tests that allow structural break were done, and then whether there is a long-term relationship between variables was examined with Maki cointegration test.
Findings: In this review, there is a long-term relationship between variables in Maki cointegration test that allows multiple structural breaks; in the results of FMOLS cointegration coefficient estimators, the effect of higher education enrollment rates and fixed physical capital on economic growth was found to be statistically significant and positive. As a result of the Toda - Yamamoto causality test, it was revealed that there is a one-way causality relationship from secondary education and higher education enrollment rates to economic growth and physical capital.
Limitations: It is the limitations of the study that only the education dimension, which is one of the human capital elements, was examined in the study.
Originality/Value: The original value of the study is that it reaches results that can contribute to the literature in terms of examining the effect of schooling rates on economic growth according to education levels.

Keywords

Human Capital Education Economic Growth Time Series.

References

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  • Acemoglu, D., & Angrist, J. (2000). How large are human-capital externalities? Evidence from compulsory schooling laws. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 15, 9-59. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/654403
  • Afşar, M. (2009). Türkiye’de eğitim yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 85-98. https://earsiv.anadolu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11421/19141/19141.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Afzal, M., Farooq, M. S., Akmad, H. K., Begum, I., & Quddus, M. A. (2010). Relationship between school education and economic growth in Pakistan: ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48(1), 39-60. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/3%20AFZAL%20Relationship%20e% 20School%20Education%20and%20Economic%20Growt%2085.pdf
  • Akçacı, T. (2013). Eğitim harcamalarının iktisadi büyümeye etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(5), 65-79. https://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423906482.pdf
  • Akkoyunlu-Wigley, A., & Wigley, S. (2008). Basic education and capability development in Turkey. Education in Turkey, 2008, 271-297. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1292227
  • Aktan, O., & Akkutay, Ü. (2014). OECD ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de okulöncesi eğitim. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1), 64-79, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/17642.
  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A. A., & Memon, M. H. (2016). Human capital, social capabilities and economic growth (No. 2016-013). Jena Economic Research Papers, 1-25. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/148892/1/872837211.pdf
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  • Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., & Sianesi, B. (2005). Human capital investment: There turns from education and training to the in dividual, the firm and the economy. Fiscal Studies, 20(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1999.tb00001.x
  • Brown, P. H., & Park, A. (2002). Education and poverty in rural China. Economics of Education Review, 21(6), 523-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7757(01)00040-1
  • Canpolat, N. (2000). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye birikimi ve ekonomik büyüme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 265-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/323051
  • Chatterji, M. (1998). Tertiary education and economic growth. Regional Studies, 32(4), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409850117807
  • Costantini, V., & Monni, S. (2008). Environment, human development and economic growth. Ecological Economics, 64(4), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.011
  • Çalışkan, Ş. (2007). Eğitim-işsizlik ve yoksulluk ilişkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(13), 284-308. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/289512
  • Çoban, O. (2004). Beşeri sermayenin iktisadi büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (30), 131-142. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5374
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 75, 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531
  • European Comission (2016). Organization of the education system in Turkey 2009.2010. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites
  • Földvári, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2009). An alternative interpretation of ‘average years of education’in growth regressions. Applied Economics Letters, 16(9), 945-949. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850701222178
  • Gövdeli, T. (2016). Türkiye’de eğitim- ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Yapısal kırılmalı birim kök ve eş bütünleşme analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 224-238. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/226564
  • Gümüş, S., & Kayhan, S. (2012). The relationship between economic growth hand school enrollment rates: Time series evidence from Turkey. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 7(1), 24-38. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1127574.pdf
  • Gür, B. S., & Çelik, Z. (2009). Türkiye’de milli eğitim sistemi yapısal sorunlar ve öneriler. SETA Raporu, Ekim, No.1.
  • Hanif, N., & Arshed, N. (2016). Relation between school education and economic growth: SAARC countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1), 294-300. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1605/pdf
  • Hanushek, A. E., & Kimko, D. (2000). Schooling, labor-force quality, and the growth of nations. The American Economic Review, 90(5), 1184-1208. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.90.5.1184
  • Keller, K. (2006). Investment in primary, secondary and higher education and the effects on economic growth. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byj012
  • Kotásková, S. K., Procházka, P., Smutka, L., Maitah, M. Kuzmenko, E., Kopecká, M., & Hönig, V. (2018). The impact of education on economic growth: The case of India. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 66(1), 253-261. https://acta.mendelu.cz/media/pdf/actaun_2018066010253.pdf
  • Lawal, N. A. (2011). Education and economic growth: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(3), 225-231. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC134170
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
  • Maki, D. (2012). Tests for cointegration allowing for an unknown number of breaks. Economic Modeling, 29(5), 2011-2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.04.022
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  • Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2. NBER Books.
  • Miyazawa, K. (2017). Measuring in human capital in japan, policy research institute, ministry of finance, Japan. Public Policy Review, 13(3), 241-268. https://www.mof.go.jp/english/pri/publication/pp_review/fy2017/ppr13_03_02.pdf
  • Njong, A. M. (2010). The effects of educational attainment on poverty reduction in Cameroon. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2(1), 001-008. https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJEAPS/article-full-text-pdf/187739F814
  • OECD (2019). The value of people, https://www.oecd.org/insights/37967294.pdf
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  • Özsoy, C. (2010). Türkiye’de eğitim ve iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin VAR modeli ile analizi. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi, 5(1), 71-83. http://beykon.org/dergi/2009/BAHAR/C.Ozsoy.pdf
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Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 24, 37 - 48, 10.05.2021

Eda Dineri Filiz Gölpek

https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660
Cited By: 2

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilköğretim, orta öğretim ve yükseköğretim düzeyinde kayıt oranlarının ve fiziki sabit sermayenin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisini 1980-2016 dönemi için incelemektir.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, önce geleneksel birim kök testleri ve yapısal kırılmaya izin veren birim kök testi yapılmış, sonra değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin olup olmadığı Maki eş bütünleşme testi ile incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Bu incelemede, birden fazla yapısal kırılmaya izin veren Maki eş bütünleşme testinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin olduğu; FMOLS eş bütünleşme katsayı tahminci sonuçlarında yükseköğretim kayıt oranlarının ve sabit fiziki sermayenin ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkisinin istatiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toda - Yamamoto nedensellik testi sonucunda da, orta öğretim ve yükseköğretim kayıt oranlarından ekonomik büyümeye ve fiziki sermayeye tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Sınırlılıklar: Çalışmada beşeri sermaye unsurlarından sadece eğitim boyutu incelenmesi araştırmanının sınırlılıklarıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Eğitim düzeylerine göre okullaşma oranlarının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi açısından literatüre katkı sağlayabilecek sonuçlara ulaşması araştırmanın özgün değerini oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Beşeri Sermaye Eğitim Ekonomik Büyüme Zaman Serisi

References

  • Abbas, Q., & Foreman-Peck, J. (2007). Human capital and economic growth: Pakistan, 1960-2003. Cardiff Economics Working Paper Series, (No. E2007/22), 1-21, http://orca.cf.ac.uk/40496/2/Human%20K%20%26%20Econ%20Growth%2016th%20june%202008.pdf
  • Acemoglu, D., & Angrist, J. (2000). How large are human-capital externalities? Evidence from compulsory schooling laws. NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 15, 9-59. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/654403
  • Afşar, M. (2009). Türkiye’de eğitim yatırımları ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(1), 85-98. https://earsiv.anadolu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11421/19141/19141.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Afzal, M., Farooq, M. S., Akmad, H. K., Begum, I., & Quddus, M. A. (2010). Relationship between school education and economic growth in Pakistan: ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 48(1), 39-60. http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/pesr/PDF-FILES/3%20AFZAL%20Relationship%20e% 20School%20Education%20and%20Economic%20Growt%2085.pdf
  • Akçacı, T. (2013). Eğitim harcamalarının iktisadi büyümeye etkisi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(5), 65-79. https://www.acarindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423906482.pdf
  • Akkoyunlu-Wigley, A., & Wigley, S. (2008). Basic education and capability development in Turkey. Education in Turkey, 2008, 271-297. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1292227
  • Aktan, O., & Akkutay, Ü. (2014). OECD ülkelerinde ve Türkiye’de okulöncesi eğitim. Asya Öğretim Dergisi, 2(1), 64-79, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/17642.
  • Ali, M., Egbetokun, A. A., & Memon, M. H. (2016). Human capital, social capabilities and economic growth (No. 2016-013). Jena Economic Research Papers, 1-25. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/148892/1/872837211.pdf
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a crosssection of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937943
  • Barro, R. J. (2001). Human capital and growth. American Economic Review, 91(2), 12-17. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/pdf/doi/10.1257/aer.91.2.12
  • Becker, G. (1975). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. (2. Edition). NBER Books.
  • Benos, N., & Zotou, S. (2014). Education and economic growth: A meta-regression analysis. World Development, 64, 669-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.06.034
  • Bils, M., & Klenow, P.J. (2000). Does schooling cause growth?. American Economic Review, 90(5), 1160-1183. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.5.1160
  • Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Meghir, C., & Sianesi, B. (2005). Human capital investment: There turns from education and training to the in dividual, the firm and the economy. Fiscal Studies, 20(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.1999.tb00001.x
  • Brown, P. H., & Park, A. (2002). Education and poverty in rural China. Economics of Education Review, 21(6), 523-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7757(01)00040-1
  • Canpolat, N. (2000). Türkiye’de beşeri sermaye birikimi ve ekonomik büyüme. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(2), 265-281. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/323051
  • Chatterji, M. (1998). Tertiary education and economic growth. Regional Studies, 32(4), 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343409850117807
  • Costantini, V., & Monni, S. (2008). Environment, human development and economic growth. Ecological Economics, 64(4), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.05.011
  • Çalışkan, Ş. (2007). Eğitim-işsizlik ve yoksulluk ilişkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi İİBF Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(13), 284-308. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/289512
  • Çoban, O. (2004). Beşeri sermayenin iktisadi büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, (30), 131-142. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5374
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Society, 75, 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1979.10482531
  • European Comission (2016). Organization of the education system in Turkey 2009.2010. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites
  • Földvári, P., & Van Leeuwen, B. (2009). An alternative interpretation of ‘average years of education’in growth regressions. Applied Economics Letters, 16(9), 945-949. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850701222178
  • Gövdeli, T. (2016). Türkiye’de eğitim- ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Yapısal kırılmalı birim kök ve eş bütünleşme analizi. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 224-238. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/226564
  • Gümüş, S., & Kayhan, S. (2012). The relationship between economic growth hand school enrollment rates: Time series evidence from Turkey. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 7(1), 24-38. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1127574.pdf
  • Gür, B. S., & Çelik, Z. (2009). Türkiye’de milli eğitim sistemi yapısal sorunlar ve öneriler. SETA Raporu, Ekim, No.1.
  • Hanif, N., & Arshed, N. (2016). Relation between school education and economic growth: SAARC countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(1), 294-300. https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1605/pdf
  • Hanushek, A. E., & Kimko, D. (2000). Schooling, labor-force quality, and the growth of nations. The American Economic Review, 90(5), 1184-1208. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.90.5.1184
  • Keller, K. (2006). Investment in primary, secondary and higher education and the effects on economic growth. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/cep/byj012
  • Kotásková, S. K., Procházka, P., Smutka, L., Maitah, M. Kuzmenko, E., Kopecká, M., & Hönig, V. (2018). The impact of education on economic growth: The case of India. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 66(1), 253-261. https://acta.mendelu.cz/media/pdf/actaun_2018066010253.pdf
  • Lawal, N. A. (2011). Education and economic growth: The Nigerian experience. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(3), 225-231. https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC134170
  • Lucas, R. E. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
  • Maki, D. (2012). Tests for cointegration allowing for an unknown number of breaks. Economic Modeling, 29(5), 2011-2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.04.022
  • MEB (2018). Eğitim istatistikleri. https://www.meb.gov.tr
  • Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, experience, and earnings. Human Behavior & Social Institutions No. 2. NBER Books.
  • Miyazawa, K. (2017). Measuring in human capital in japan, policy research institute, ministry of finance, Japan. Public Policy Review, 13(3), 241-268. https://www.mof.go.jp/english/pri/publication/pp_review/fy2017/ppr13_03_02.pdf
  • Njong, A. M. (2010). The effects of educational attainment on poverty reduction in Cameroon. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 2(1), 001-008. https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJEAPS/article-full-text-pdf/187739F814
  • OECD (2019). The value of people, https://www.oecd.org/insights/37967294.pdf
  • Oxaal, Z. (1997). Education and poverty: A gender analysis report (Report No. 53). Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex.
  • ÖSYM (2019). Yükseköğretim istatistikleri, https://www.osym.gov.tr
  • Özsoy, C. (2010). Türkiye’de eğitim ve iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin VAR modeli ile analizi. Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi, 5(1), 71-83. http://beykon.org/dergi/2009/BAHAR/C.Ozsoy.pdf
  • Pamuk, M., & Bektaş, H. (2014). Türkiye’deki eğitim harcamaları ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişki. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 77-89, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/seyad/issue/53403/710216
  • Psacharopoulos, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Education Economics, 12(2), 111-134 https://doi.org/10.1080/0964529042000239140
  • Reza, F., & Widodo, T. (2013). The impact of education on economic growth in Indonesıa. Journal of Indonesian Economy & Business, 28(1), https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/297708394.pdf
  • Seetanah, B. (2009). The economic importance of education: Evidence from Africa using dynamic panel data analysis. Journal of Applied Economics, 12(1), 137-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1514-0326(09)60009-X
  • Taban, S., & Kar, M. (2014). Kalkınma ekonomisi. Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım.
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section RESEARCH PAPERS
Authors

Eda Dineri

Filiz Gölpek 0000-0001-9213-1478

Publication Date May 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Dineri, E., & Gölpek, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(24), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660
AMA Dineri E, Gölpek F. Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). May 2021;13(24):37-48. doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660
Chicago Dineri, Eda, and Filiz Gölpek. “Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13, no. 24 (May 2021): 37-48. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660.
EndNote Dineri E, Gölpek F (May 1, 2021) Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13 24 37–48.
IEEE E. Dineri and F. Gölpek, “Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi”, Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), vol. 13, no. 24, pp. 37–48, 2021, doi: 10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660.
ISNAD Dineri, Eda - Gölpek, Filiz. “Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 13/24 (May 2021), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660.
JAMA Dineri E, Gölpek F. Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13:37–48.
MLA Dineri, Eda and Filiz Gölpek. “Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi”. Akademik Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), vol. 13, no. 24, 2021, pp. 37-48, doi:10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.879660.
Vancouver Dineri E, Gölpek F. Türkiye’de Eğitim Sisteminde Okullaşmanın Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD). 2021;13(24):37-48.

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