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SMART CITIES FROM SCRATCH: AN ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF NEOM-THE LINE CITY

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 22, 29.12.2023

Abstract

Smart cities are a structuring that includes various spaces such as smart buildings, residential areas and business centers. These cities aim to improve living spaces or create new living spaces by working in a multidisciplinary manner and incorporating various technological, economic, ecological and sustainable features. There are six main components that can offer solutions to the urban scale problems of the targeted living spaces. These components are smart governance, smart economy, smart mobility, smart environment, smart people and smart life. These components that feed, develop and support each other should be handled holistically in smart city design. There are smart city applications around the world that aim to incorporate these components. In the present study, NEOM-The Line, which claims to be a smart city, is analyzed. Unlike other smart cities, The Line will be built from scratch, which is the reason for its selection in the study. The city has fourteen investment targets. Accordingly, the study aims to evaluate The Line in the environmental, social, economic and administrative context within the scope of its set goals and to determine which smart city components it has. With the results obtained by evaluating the characteristics of the city, its positive and negative potentials in the context of smart city components are determined.

References

  • Akbaş, İ. (2018). Kent formunun evrimi: Akıllı kent. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 68. 375-390.
  • Akkad, D., & Uddin, R. (2022). Neom: Saudi Arabia jails tribesmen for 50 years for rejecting displacement. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-neom-tribesmen-imprisoned-rejecting-displacement Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2022.
  • Al-Sayed, A., Al-Shammari, F., Alshutayri, A., Aljojo, N., Aldhahri, E., & Abouola, O. (2022). The smart city-line in saudi arabia: ıssue and challenges. Postmodern Openings. 13(1), 15-37.
  • Aly, H. (2019). Royal dream: City branding and Saudi Arabia’s NEOM. Middle East-Topics & Argument. 12, 99-109.
  • Arroyo-Cañada, F. J., & Gil-Lafuente, J. (2017). Multidimensional positioning of a set of European smart cities. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s. 49-63). Springer.
  • Aslan, Ö., & Öner, S., (2006). İnternet Ekonomisi. İletişim Fakültesi Hakemli Dergisi. 5-19.
  • Ateş, M., & Önder, E., D., (2018). ‘Akıllı Şehir’ Kavramı ve Dönüşen Anlamı Bağlamında Eleştiriler. Megaron. 14(1). 41-50.
  • Carvalho, L. (2014). Smart cities from scratch? A socio-technical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 43-60.
  • Cohen, B. (2014). The Smartest Cities In The World 2015: Methodology. https://www.fastcompany.com/3038818/the-smartest-cities-in-the-world-2015-methodology Erişim Tarihi: 25.11.2023.
  • Cohen, B. (2018). Blockchain Cities and the Smart Cities Wheel. https://boydcohen.medium.com/blockchain-cities-and-the-smart-cities-wheel-9f65c2f32c36 Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • Cömertler, S., & Cömertler, N. (2021). Akıllı kentlerde çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik, Kopenhag Örneği. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications. 6 (1), 317-333.
  • Çetin, M., & Çiftçi, Ç. (2019). Literatüre göre dünya ve ülkemizden örneklerle akıllı kent kavramının irdelenmesi. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2 (3), 134-143.
  • Doheim, R. M., Farag, A. A., & Badawi, S. (2019). Smart city vision and practices across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—A review. İçinde, Smart cities: Issues and challenges (s. 309-332). Elsevier.
  • Eger, J. M. (2009). Smart growth, smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon. I-Ways. 32(1), 47–53.
  • Erdoğan, G. (2019). Akıllı kent göstergeleri ve stratejileri. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi. 4 (2), 1-23.
  • Eremia, M., Toma, L., & Sanduleac, M. (2017). The smart city concept in the 21st century. Procedia Engineering. 181, 12-19.
  • European Smart Cities (b.t.). http://www.smart-cities.eu Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • Farag, A. A. (2019). The story of Neom city: Opportunities and challenges. İçinde, New cities and community extensions in Egypt and the Middle East (s. 3-49). Springer.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. J. (2007). Smart cities- ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna University of Technology Research Report, October, 10-18.
  • Haberler.com (2022). Suudi Arabistan, Mekke’yi ‘‘İslam dünyasının ilk akıllı şehri’’ yapmayı hedefliyor. https://www.haberler.com/guncel/suudi-arabistan-mekke-yi-islam-dunyasinin-ilk-15071026-haberi/ Erişim Tarihi: 04.11.2022.
  • Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & Von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The vision of a smart city. Brookhaven National Lab. Upton, NY (US).
  • Harrigan, P. (2017). Riyadh: Oasis of heritage and vision. Medina Publishing Ltd.
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 54(4), 1-16.
  • Hollands, R. G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions. Economy And Society. 8(1), 61-77.
  • IDAE. (2012). Mapa tecnológico deciudades inteligentes. Madrid: Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. http://www.idae.es/uploads/documentos/documentos_Borrador_Smart_Cities_18_Abril_2012_b97f8b15.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.01.2023.
  • Kaygısız, Ü., & Aydın, S. Z. (2017). Yönetişimde yeni bir ufuk olarak akıllı kentler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 9(18), 56-81.
  • Kemeç, A., (2023). Sıfırdan Akıllı Bir Kent Yaratmak Ütopya Mı? Distopya Mı?. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 7(2). 321-340.
  • Komninos, N. (2008). Intelligent Cities and Globalisation of Innovation Networks. Routledge.
  • Kozłowski, W., & Suwar, K. (2021). Smart city: definitions, dimensions, and initiatives.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T.A. (2011). Smart city as urban innovation: Focusing on management, policy, and contex. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance- ECEGOV’11. 185-194.
  • NEOM (a), (b.t.). What is NEOM? https://www.neom.com/en-us/about Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • NEOM (b), (b.t.). The Line. https://www.neom.com/en-us/regions/theline Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2022.
  • Nisper, R., Elder, J., & Miner, G. (2009). Feature Selection. İçinde, Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications (s. 77-97). Elsevier.
  • Örselli, E., & Akbay, C. (2019). Teknoloji ve kent yaşamında dönüşüm: Akıllı kentler. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi. 2(1), 228-241.
  • Öztopcu, A., & Salman, A. (2019). Sürdürülebilir kalkınmada akıllı kentler. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi. (41), 167-188.
  • Paszkowska-Kaczmarek, N. E. (2021). The Line–The Saudi-Arabian linear city concept as the prototype of future cities. Architecturae et Artibus. 13(2), 33-46
  • Qonita, M., & Giyarsih, S. R. (2023). Smart city assessment using the Boyd Cohen smart city wheel in Salatiga, Indonesia. GeoJournal. 88(1), 479-492.
  • Rashed, R., & Mahmoud, R. (2018). Urban social sustainability in the era of digital technology: The case of NEOM, the World’s future global hub across three countries. In the International conference of Sustainable Design of the Built Environment SDBE18.
  • Rodríguez-Núñez, E., & Periáñez-Cañadillas, I. (2017). Intellectual capital as the fostering factor for sustainable smart urban development in the Basque Autonomous Community. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s.31-47). Springer.
  • Sınmaz, S. (2013). The concept of “Smart settlement” and basic principles in the framework of new developing planning approaches. Megaron. 8(2), 76-86.
  • Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 38, 697-713.
  • Solano, S. E., Plaza Casado, P., & Flores Ureba, S. (2017). Smart cities and sustainable development. A case study. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s.65-77). Springer.

SIFIRDAN AKILLI KENTLER: NEOM- THE LINE KENTİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 22, 29.12.2023

Abstract

Akıllı kentler; akıllı binalar, yerleşim alanları, iş merkezleri gibi çeşitli mekanları içerisinde barındıran bir yapılanmadır. Bu kentler; multidisipliner olarak çalışan, içerisinde çeşitli teknolojik, ekonomik, ekolojik ve sürdürülebilir özellikleri bir arada bulundurarak yaşam alanlarını iyileştirmeyi veya yeni yaşam alanları oluşturmayı hedeflemektedir. Hedeflenen yaşam alanlarının kentsel ölçekteki problemlerine çözüm önerisi getirebilecek altı ana bileşen bulunmaktadır. Bu bileşenler; akıllı yönetişim, akıllı ekonomi, akıllı hareketlilik, akıllı çevre, akıllı insan ve akıllı yaşam olarak belirlenmiştir. Birbirini besleyen, geliştiren ve destekleyen bu bileşenler akıllı kent tasarımında bütüncül bir şekilde ele alınmalıdır. Dünya genelinde bu bileşenleri içerisinde barındırmayı hedefleyen akıllı kent uygulamaları mevcuttur. Sunulan çalışmada ise; bu akıllı kentlerden biri olan NEOM-The Line incelenmektedir. Diğer akıllı kentlerden farklı olarak The Line’ın sıfırdan inşa edilecek olması çalışmada seçilme sebebidir. Kentin, on dört yatırım hedefi mevcuttur. Bu doğrultuda da çalışmada The Line’ın belirlenmiş hedefleri kapsamında çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik bağlamda değerlendirilmesi ve hangi akıllı kent bileşenlerine sahip olduğunun belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Kentin barındırdığı özelliklerin değerlendirilmesi ile elde edilen sonuçlarla, akıllı kent bileşenleri bağlamında olumlu ve olumsuz potansiyelleri tespit edilmektedir.

References

  • Akbaş, İ. (2018). Kent formunun evrimi: Akıllı kent. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies. 68. 375-390.
  • Akkad, D., & Uddin, R. (2022). Neom: Saudi Arabia jails tribesmen for 50 years for rejecting displacement. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-neom-tribesmen-imprisoned-rejecting-displacement Erişim tarihi: 20.10.2022.
  • Al-Sayed, A., Al-Shammari, F., Alshutayri, A., Aljojo, N., Aldhahri, E., & Abouola, O. (2022). The smart city-line in saudi arabia: ıssue and challenges. Postmodern Openings. 13(1), 15-37.
  • Aly, H. (2019). Royal dream: City branding and Saudi Arabia’s NEOM. Middle East-Topics & Argument. 12, 99-109.
  • Arroyo-Cañada, F. J., & Gil-Lafuente, J. (2017). Multidimensional positioning of a set of European smart cities. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s. 49-63). Springer.
  • Aslan, Ö., & Öner, S., (2006). İnternet Ekonomisi. İletişim Fakültesi Hakemli Dergisi. 5-19.
  • Ateş, M., & Önder, E., D., (2018). ‘Akıllı Şehir’ Kavramı ve Dönüşen Anlamı Bağlamında Eleştiriler. Megaron. 14(1). 41-50.
  • Carvalho, L. (2014). Smart cities from scratch? A socio-technical perspective. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), 43-60.
  • Cohen, B. (2014). The Smartest Cities In The World 2015: Methodology. https://www.fastcompany.com/3038818/the-smartest-cities-in-the-world-2015-methodology Erişim Tarihi: 25.11.2023.
  • Cohen, B. (2018). Blockchain Cities and the Smart Cities Wheel. https://boydcohen.medium.com/blockchain-cities-and-the-smart-cities-wheel-9f65c2f32c36 Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • Cömertler, S., & Cömertler, N. (2021). Akıllı kentlerde çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik, Kopenhag Örneği. Journal of Architectural Sciences and Applications. 6 (1), 317-333.
  • Çetin, M., & Çiftçi, Ç. (2019). Literatüre göre dünya ve ülkemizden örneklerle akıllı kent kavramının irdelenmesi. Ulusal Çevre Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi. 2 (3), 134-143.
  • Doheim, R. M., Farag, A. A., & Badawi, S. (2019). Smart city vision and practices across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia—A review. İçinde, Smart cities: Issues and challenges (s. 309-332). Elsevier.
  • Eger, J. M. (2009). Smart growth, smart cities, and the crisis at the pump a worldwide phenomenon. I-Ways. 32(1), 47–53.
  • Erdoğan, G. (2019). Akıllı kent göstergeleri ve stratejileri. Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Dergisi. 4 (2), 1-23.
  • Eremia, M., Toma, L., & Sanduleac, M. (2017). The smart city concept in the 21st century. Procedia Engineering. 181, 12-19.
  • European Smart Cities (b.t.). http://www.smart-cities.eu Erişim Tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • Farag, A. A. (2019). The story of Neom city: Opportunities and challenges. İçinde, New cities and community extensions in Egypt and the Middle East (s. 3-49). Springer.
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. J. (2007). Smart cities- ranking of European medium-sized cities. Vienna University of Technology Research Report, October, 10-18.
  • Haberler.com (2022). Suudi Arabistan, Mekke’yi ‘‘İslam dünyasının ilk akıllı şehri’’ yapmayı hedefliyor. https://www.haberler.com/guncel/suudi-arabistan-mekke-yi-islam-dunyasinin-ilk-15071026-haberi/ Erişim Tarihi: 04.11.2022.
  • Hall, R. E., Bowerman, B., Braverman, J., Taylor, J., Todosow, H., & Von Wimmersperg, U. (2000). The vision of a smart city. Brookhaven National Lab. Upton, NY (US).
  • Harrigan, P. (2017). Riyadh: Oasis of heritage and vision. Medina Publishing Ltd.
  • Harrison, C., Eckman, B., Hamilton, R., Hartswick, P., Kalagnanam, J., Paraszczak, J., & Williams, P. (2010). Foundations for smarter cities. IBM Journal of Research and Development. 54(4), 1-16.
  • Hollands, R. G. (2015). Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal of Regions. Economy And Society. 8(1), 61-77.
  • IDAE. (2012). Mapa tecnológico deciudades inteligentes. Madrid: Ministerio de Industria, Comercio y Turismo. http://www.idae.es/uploads/documentos/documentos_Borrador_Smart_Cities_18_Abril_2012_b97f8b15.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 23.01.2023.
  • Kaygısız, Ü., & Aydın, S. Z. (2017). Yönetişimde yeni bir ufuk olarak akıllı kentler. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 9(18), 56-81.
  • Kemeç, A., (2023). Sıfırdan Akıllı Bir Kent Yaratmak Ütopya Mı? Distopya Mı?. Stratejik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 7(2). 321-340.
  • Komninos, N. (2008). Intelligent Cities and Globalisation of Innovation Networks. Routledge.
  • Kozłowski, W., & Suwar, K. (2021). Smart city: definitions, dimensions, and initiatives.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T.A. (2011). Smart city as urban innovation: Focusing on management, policy, and contex. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance- ECEGOV’11. 185-194.
  • NEOM (a), (b.t.). What is NEOM? https://www.neom.com/en-us/about Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2022.
  • NEOM (b), (b.t.). The Line. https://www.neom.com/en-us/regions/theline Erişim tarihi: 18.10.2022.
  • Nisper, R., Elder, J., & Miner, G. (2009). Feature Selection. İçinde, Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications (s. 77-97). Elsevier.
  • Örselli, E., & Akbay, C. (2019). Teknoloji ve kent yaşamında dönüşüm: Akıllı kentler. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi. 2(1), 228-241.
  • Öztopcu, A., & Salman, A. (2019). Sürdürülebilir kalkınmada akıllı kentler. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi. (41), 167-188.
  • Paszkowska-Kaczmarek, N. E. (2021). The Line–The Saudi-Arabian linear city concept as the prototype of future cities. Architecturae et Artibus. 13(2), 33-46
  • Qonita, M., & Giyarsih, S. R. (2023). Smart city assessment using the Boyd Cohen smart city wheel in Salatiga, Indonesia. GeoJournal. 88(1), 479-492.
  • Rashed, R., & Mahmoud, R. (2018). Urban social sustainability in the era of digital technology: The case of NEOM, the World’s future global hub across three countries. In the International conference of Sustainable Design of the Built Environment SDBE18.
  • Rodríguez-Núñez, E., & Periáñez-Cañadillas, I. (2017). Intellectual capital as the fostering factor for sustainable smart urban development in the Basque Autonomous Community. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s.31-47). Springer.
  • Sınmaz, S. (2013). The concept of “Smart settlement” and basic principles in the framework of new developing planning approaches. Megaron. 8(2), 76-86.
  • Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 38, 697-713.
  • Solano, S. E., Plaza Casado, P., & Flores Ureba, S. (2017). Smart cities and sustainable development. A case study. İçinde, Sustainable smart cities (s.65-77). Springer.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Architecture (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Meryem Sevde Doğruer

Özlem Büyüktaş

Publication Date December 29, 2023
Submission Date September 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Doğruer, M. S., & Büyüktaş, Ö. (2023). SIFIRDAN AKILLI KENTLER: NEOM- THE LINE KENTİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR İNCELEME. Karesi Journal of Architecture, 2(2), 1-22.

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