We can start with the words of Voltaire: “It is well known what this has cost since Christians began to argue about dogma: From the 4th century until today, blood has been shed in droves, both on the scaffolds and on the battlefields.” The real wild examples of this bloodshed were first the Reformation, then, more violently, what happened through Calvinist Protestantism as an offshoot of it, and it continued throughout the 16th century.
This century, an age of reformation, was the beginning of everything. While this age has witnessed the highest achievements of the human spirit, it has also seen, on the contrary, its most terrible hostilities. What makes this age so scary and dark is that hostility towards others is based on “correct religion”. This hostility was displayed against the other in order to advance the “correct religion”. The most painful example of these hostilities that disfigured the Reformation era is the Saint Bartholomew Massacre.
Bronowoski, J. ve Mazlish, B. (2012). Batı Düşünce Tarihi, Çev. E. Ö. Adanır, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
Browning, W. S. (1829). The History of The Huguenots During The Sixteenth Century, Vol. 1, Wiliam Pickering, London.
Cockburn, W. S. R. (1840). The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew (With A Consice History of The Corruptions, Usurpations, and Anti-Social Effects of Romanism, John W. Parker, London.
D’Aubigné, J. H. M. (1998a). History of The Reformation in Europe (in the time of Calvin), Vol. 1, Books For The Ages, Albany.
D’Aubigné, J. H. M. (1998b). History of the Reformation in Europe (in the Time of Calvin), Vol. 2, Books For Ages, Albany.
Garrison, J. (1995). A History of Sixteenth Century France, 1483-1598, Translated by Richard Rex, Macmillan Press, London.
Hendrix, S. H. (2015). Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer, Yale University Press, New Haven.
İncil (1995). Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, İstanbul.
Knecht, R. J. (1998). Catherine de’ Medici, Routledge, London.
Knecht, R. J. (2010). The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598, Pearson Education Limited, London.
Kutsal Kitap: Eski ve Yeni Antlaşma (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil), (2009). Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. İstanbul.
Madden, T. F. (2007). Heaven or Heresy: A History of The Inquisition Course Guide, Recorded Books.
Montesquieu, My Thoughts (2012). Translated, etided by Henry C. Clark, Liberty Fund, Indianapolis.
Moran, P. F. (1875). The St. Bartholomew Massacre, 24th Augustus, 1572, [Paper presented to the Historical Society of St. Kieran’s College, March, 1875], Browne & Nolan, Dublin.
Rowse, A. L. (1943). The Spirit of English History, Longmans Green & Co. Ltd. London.
Rupp, G. (1964). Luther’s Progress to the Diet of Worms, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York.
Smedley, E. (1832). History of Reformed Religion in France, Vol.1, J. G. & F. Rivington, London.
State, P. F. (2011). A Brief History of France, Facts On File, Inc. New York.
Sutherland, N. M. (1974). “The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the Problem of Spain”, The Massacre of St. Bartholomew: Reappraisals and Documents, Edited by Alfred Soman içinde, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague. s. 15-24.
Voltaire’in sözleriyle başlayabiliriz: “Hıristiyanlar dogma üzerine tartışmaya başladığından bu yana bunun neye mal olduğu çok iyi bilinir: IV. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar, gerek idam sehpalarında gerekse savaş meydanlarında oluk oluk kan akmıştır”. Akan bu kanın gerçek azgın örnekleri, önce reformasyon sonra da daha şiddetli olarak onun yan bir uzantısı Calvinci Protestanlık üzerinden yaşananlardır ve 16.yüzyıl boyunca sürmüştür.
Bir reformasyon çağı olan bu yüzyıl, her şeyin başlangıcıdır. Bu çağ, insan ruhunun en yüksek başarılarına tanık olurken, tersten en korkunç düşmanlıklarını da görmüştür. Bu çağı böylesine korkunç ve karanlık yapan, ötekine düşmanlığın “doğru din” üzerinden kurulmasıdır. Bu düşmanlık, ötekine karşı “doğru dini” ilerletmek üzere sergilenmiştir. Reformasyon çağını çirkinleştiren bu düşmanlıkların en acı örneği de Saint Bartholomew Katliamı’dır.
Bronowoski, J. ve Mazlish, B. (2012). Batı Düşünce Tarihi, Çev. E. Ö. Adanır, Say Yayınları, İstanbul.
Browning, W. S. (1829). The History of The Huguenots During The Sixteenth Century, Vol. 1, Wiliam Pickering, London.
Cockburn, W. S. R. (1840). The Massacre of Saint Bartholomew (With A Consice History of The Corruptions, Usurpations, and Anti-Social Effects of Romanism, John W. Parker, London.
D’Aubigné, J. H. M. (1998a). History of The Reformation in Europe (in the time of Calvin), Vol. 1, Books For The Ages, Albany.
D’Aubigné, J. H. M. (1998b). History of the Reformation in Europe (in the Time of Calvin), Vol. 2, Books For Ages, Albany.
Garrison, J. (1995). A History of Sixteenth Century France, 1483-1598, Translated by Richard Rex, Macmillan Press, London.
Hendrix, S. H. (2015). Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer, Yale University Press, New Haven.
İncil (1995). Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, İstanbul.
Knecht, R. J. (1998). Catherine de’ Medici, Routledge, London.
Knecht, R. J. (2010). The French Wars of Religion 1559-1598, Pearson Education Limited, London.
Kutsal Kitap: Eski ve Yeni Antlaşma (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil), (2009). Yeni Yaşam Yayınları. İstanbul.
Madden, T. F. (2007). Heaven or Heresy: A History of The Inquisition Course Guide, Recorded Books.
Montesquieu, My Thoughts (2012). Translated, etided by Henry C. Clark, Liberty Fund, Indianapolis.
Moran, P. F. (1875). The St. Bartholomew Massacre, 24th Augustus, 1572, [Paper presented to the Historical Society of St. Kieran’s College, March, 1875], Browne & Nolan, Dublin.
Rowse, A. L. (1943). The Spirit of English History, Longmans Green & Co. Ltd. London.
Rupp, G. (1964). Luther’s Progress to the Diet of Worms, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York.
Smedley, E. (1832). History of Reformed Religion in France, Vol.1, J. G. & F. Rivington, London.
State, P. F. (2011). A Brief History of France, Facts On File, Inc. New York.
Sutherland, N. M. (1974). “The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the Problem of Spain”, The Massacre of St. Bartholomew: Reappraisals and Documents, Edited by Alfred Soman içinde, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague. s. 15-24.
Güngör, C. (2024). Huguenotlar: Bir 16. Yüzyıl Acısı (Doğuş, Baskı, İç Savaş ve St. Bartholomew Katliamı). Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset Ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 10(2), 161-184.