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Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults

Year 2022, , 331 - 341, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000071

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control on the relationship between perceived helicopter parental attitudes and problematic online gaming among emerging-adult online gamers. 186 gamers from Turkey were reached using a cross-sectional online survey. According to the results obtained in this study, self-control was negatively associated with problematic online gaming and perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitudes. Also, problematic online gaming was positively correlated with perceived maternal helicopter parenting attitude. It was further found that age, gender, and having previous psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to problematic online gaming. Age had a positive significant correlation with problematic online gaming whereas those who reported having previous psychiatric diagnosis and male respondents also stated higher levels of problematic online gaming. Lastly, mothers were significantly perceived as having higher helicopter parental attitudes compared to fathers. However, the indirect effect was found significant only at paternal level. Thus, it can be concluded that the indirect effect was due to the tendency for those who perceived higher paternal helicopter parenting attitude to have lower levels of self-control, which in turn resulted in higher levels of problematic online gaming. This study offers novel insight into online gaming research, indicating that perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitude may lead to developing problematic online gaming among emerging adult children with low self-control.

References

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  • Coyne, S. M., Stockdale, L. A., Warburton, W., Gentile, D. A., Yang, C., & Merrill, B. M. (2020). Pathological video game symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A 6-year longitudinal study of trajectories, predictors, and outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 56(7), 1385–1396.
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  • Cui, M., Allen, J. W., Fincham, F. D., May, R. W., & Love, H. (2019). Helicopter parenting, self-regulatory processes, and alcohol use among female college students. Journal of Adult Development, 26(2), 97–104.
  • de Ridder, D. T., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76–99.
  • Demetrovics, Z., Urbán, R., Nagygyorgy, K., Farkas, J., Griffiths, M. D., Pápay, O., Kökenyei, G., Felvinczi, K., & Oláh, A. (2012). The development of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ). PloS One, 7(5), e36417.
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  • Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
  • Green, R., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2020). Avatar identification and problematic gaming: The mediating role of self-concept clarity. Addictive Behaviors, 113(106694).
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  • Kim, H. K., & Davis, E. D. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490–500.
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  • Kircaburun, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Billieux, J. (2019). Trait emotional intelligence and problematic online behaviors among adolescents: The mediating role of mindfulness, rumination, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 208–213.
  • Klein, M. B., & Pierce, J. D. (2009). Parental care aids, but parental over protection hinders, college adjustment. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 11(2), 167–181.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Media Psychology, 12(1), 77–95.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 144–152.
  • LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399–418.
  • Liao, G. Y., Pham, T. T. L., Cheng, T. C. E., & Teng, C. I. (2020). How online gamers’ participation fosters their team commitment: Perspective of social identity theory. International Journal of Management, 52, 1–12.
  • Long, J., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Hao, W., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of problematic online gaming: A systematic review of the evidence published in Chinese. Current Addiction Reports, 5, 359–371.
  • Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. (2020). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and school burnout among emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 327–337.
  • Macias, L. (2019). Helicopter parenting and the relationship to health behaviors during emerging adulthood (Unpublished professional doctoral dissertation). Palo Alto University, State of California, United States of America.
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Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults

Year 2022, , 331 - 341, 26.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000071

Abstract

Bu çalışma, beliren yetişkinler arasında algılanan helikopter ebeveynlik tutumu ile problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynama davranışı ilişkisinde öz-kontrolün aracılık rolünü incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çevrimiçi kesitsel anket çalışması yoluyla Türkiye’den 186 oyuncuya ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilen bulgulara göre; öz-kontrolün hem problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynama davranışı hem de baba için algılanan helikopter ebeveynlik tutumu ile negatif yönde bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür Ayrıca, problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynamanın, anne için algılanan helikopter ebeveynlik tutumu ile olumlu yönde bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Yaşın, cinsiyetin ve psikiyatrik tanı geçmişinin de problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynama davranışıyla anlamlı ilişkileri olduğu bulunmuştur. Yaş, problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynama ile pozitif yönde bir ilişkiye sahipken; psikiyatrik tanı geçmişi olanlar ve erkek katılımcılar daha fazla problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Son olarak, babalara kıyasla annelerin, anlamlı bir şekilde daha fazla algılanan helikopter ebeveyn tutumuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür; fakat, dolaylı etki yalnızca babalık düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla, baba için algılanan helikopter ebeveynlik tutumunun yüksek olduğu, beliren yetişkinlerde öz-kontrol seviyelerinin daha düşük olduğu, bu durumun ise yüksek seviyede problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynama ile ilişkili olduğu sonucuna varılabilir. Bu çalışma, baba için algılanan helikopter tutumların, öz-kontrolü düşük beliren yetişkinler arasında problemli çevrimiçi oyun oynamaya neden olabileceğini ortaya koyarak çevrimiçi oyun oynama araştırmalarına özgün bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

References

  • Abedini, Y., Zamani, B. E., Kheradmand, A., & Rajabizadeh, G. (2012). Impacts of mothers’ occupation status and parenting styles on levels of self-control, addiction to computer games, and educational progress of adolescents. Addiction & Health, 4(3-4), 102–110.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
  • Baysak, E., Kaya, F. D., Dalgar, I., & Candansayar, S. (2016). Online game addiction in a sample from Turkey: Development and validation of the Turkish version of Game Addiction Scale. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26(1), 21–31.
  • Billieux, J., Thorens, G., Khazaal, Y., Zullino, D., Achab, S., & Van der Linden, M. (2015). Problematic involvement in online games: A cluster analytic approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 242–250.
  • Cheng, Y. H. (2019). The mediating effects of motivation for playing pokémon go on internet gaming disorder and well–being. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 47(1), 19–36.
  • Coyne, S. M., Stockdale, L. A., Warburton, W., Gentile, D. A., Yang, C., & Merrill, B. M. (2020). Pathological video game symptoms from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A 6-year longitudinal study of trajectories, predictors, and outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 56(7), 1385–1396.
  • Cuhadaroglu, F. (1986). Adolesanlarda benlik saygisi (Unpublished master’s thesis). Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Cui, M., Allen, J. W., Fincham, F. D., May, R. W., & Love, H. (2019). Helicopter parenting, self-regulatory processes, and alcohol use among female college students. Journal of Adult Development, 26(2), 97–104.
  • de Ridder, D. T., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76–99.
  • Demetrovics, Z., Urbán, R., Nagygyorgy, K., Farkas, J., Griffiths, M. D., Pápay, O., Kökenyei, G., Felvinczi, K., & Oláh, A. (2012). The development of the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire (POGQ). PloS One, 7(5), e36417.
  • Ferguson, C. J., & Colwell, J. (2020). Lack of consensus among scholars on the issue of video game “addiction”. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(3), 359–366.
  • Festl, R., Scharkow, M., & Quandt, T. (2012). Problematic computer game use among adolescents, younger and older adults. Addiction, 108(3), 592–599.
  • Fritz, M. S., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2007). Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psychological Science, 18(3), 233–239.
  • Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford University Press.
  • Green, R., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2020). Avatar identification and problematic gaming: The mediating role of self-concept clarity. Addictive Behaviors, 113(106694).
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2010). The role of context in online gaming excess and addiction: Some case study evidence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 119–125.
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2014). Online games, addiction and overuse of. In R. Mansell, & P. H. Ang (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of digital communication and society.
  • Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & King, D. L. (2012). Video game addiction: Past, present and future. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8, 308–318.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression‐based approach. The Guilford Press.
  • Healthy Gamer (2020). Video game addiction statistics 2020: Is the world addicted to video games? https://www.healthygamer.gg/video-game-addiction-statistics/
  • Henchoz, Y., Studer, J., Deline, S., N’Goran, A. A., Baggio, S., & Gmel, G. (2016). Video gaming disorder and sport and exercise in emerging adulthood: A longitudinal study. Behavioral Medicine, 42(2), 105–111.
  • Ho, C., Bluestein, D. N., & Jenkins, J. M. (2008). Cultural differences in the relationship between parenting and children's behavior. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 507–522.
  • Hong, P., & Cui, M. (2020). Helicopter parenting and college students’ psychological maladjustment: The role of self-control and living arrangement. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 338–347.
  • Kavas, S., & Gunduz-Hosgor, A. (2013). The parenting practice of single mothers in Turkey: Challenges and strategies. Women's Studies International Forum, 40, 56–67.
  • Kim, E. J., Namkoong, K., Ku, T., & Kim, S. J. (2008). The relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control and narcissistic personality traits. European Psychiatry, 23(3), 212–218.
  • Kim, H. J., Min, J. Y., Min, K. B., Lee, T. J., & Yoo, S. (2018). Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents’ smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data. PloS One, 13(2), 1–13.
  • Kim, H. K., & Davis, E. D. (2009). Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 490–500.
  • King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Video game addiction. In Principles of Addiction (pp. 819–825). Academic Press.
  • King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2020). Video game addiction. In Adolescent Addiction (pp. 185–213). Academic Press.
  • Kiraly, O., Nagygyorgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Problematic online gaming. In Behavioral Addictions (pp. 61–97). Academic Press.
  • Kircaburun, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Billieux, J. (2019). Trait emotional intelligence and problematic online behaviors among adolescents: The mediating role of mindfulness, rumination, and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 208–213.
  • Klein, M. B., & Pierce, J. D. (2009). Parental care aids, but parental over protection hinders, college adjustment. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice, 11(2), 167–181.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Development and validation of a Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents. Media Psychology, 12(1), 77–95.
  • Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Psychosocial causes and consequences of pathological gaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 144–152.
  • LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399–418.
  • Liao, G. Y., Pham, T. T. L., Cheng, T. C. E., & Teng, C. I. (2020). How online gamers’ participation fosters their team commitment: Perspective of social identity theory. International Journal of Management, 52, 1–12.
  • Long, J., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Hao, W., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of problematic online gaming: A systematic review of the evidence published in Chinese. Current Addiction Reports, 5, 359–371.
  • Love, H., May, R. W., Cui, M., & Fincham, F. (2020). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and school burnout among emerging adults. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29, 327–337.
  • Macias, L. (2019). Helicopter parenting and the relationship to health behaviors during emerging adulthood (Unpublished professional doctoral dissertation). Palo Alto University, State of California, United States of America.
  • Manniko, N., Billieux, J., & Kaariainen, M. (2015). Problematic digital gaming behavior and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 281–288.
  • Manniko, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Miettunen, J., Pontes, H. M., & Kaariainen, M. (2017). Problematic gaming behavior and health-related outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(1), 67–81.
  • McQuade, A., & Gill, P. (2012). The role of loneliness and self-control in predicting problem gambling behaviour. Gambling Research: Journal of the National Association for Gambling Studies (Australia), 24(1), 18–30. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/30358/1/McQuade%2C%20Gill%202012.pdf
  • Mentzoni, R. A., Brunborg, G. S., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Hetland, J., & Pallesen, S. (2011). Problematic video game use: estimated prevalence and associations with mental and physical health. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14, 591–596.
  • Muñoz-Miralles, R., Ortega-González, R., López-Morón, M. R., Batalla-Martínez, C., Manresa, J. M., Montellà-Jordana, N., Chamarro, A., Carbonell, X., & Torán-Monserrat, P. (2016). The problematic use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in adolescents by the cross sectional JOITIC study. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 1–11, 140.
  • Naskar, S., Victor, R., Nath, K., & Sengupta, C. (2016). “One level more:” A narrative review on internet gaming disorder. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 25(2), 145–154.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yankı Süsen This is me 0000-0002-4942-2736

Halil Pak This is me 0000-0002-8248-9158

Esra Çevik This is me 0000-0001-6243-2835

Publication Date December 26, 2022
Submission Date May 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Süsen, Y., Pak, H., & Çevik, E. (2022). Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology Research, 6(3), 331-341. https://doi.org/10.5455/kpd.26024438m000071