“Kapana Kısılmıştı(m)”: Kadına yönelik psikolojik yakın partner şiddeti ve kuşaklararası aktarımı

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 255 - 282, 25.08.2024

Banu Özen Yağmur Ar Karcı

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1342458

Abstract

Romantik ilişkilerde fiziksel şiddetin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi ve kuşaklararası aktarıma ilişkin pek çok ampirik çalışma gerçekleştirilmesine karşın, kadına yönelik psikolojik yakın partner şiddetinin deneyimlenişi ve ailesel aktarımına ilişkin araştırmaların sınırlı sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik yakın partner şiddetine ilişkin öznel deneyimleri ve bu şiddet tipinin kuşaklararası aktarımını çevreleyen psikososyal faktörleri anlamaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için hem kendisi hem de annesi psikolojik yakın partner şiddetine maruz kalmış ve yaşları 18 ile 25 arasında değişen yedi genç kadınla yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Yorumlayıcı Fenomonolojik Analiz ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda dört temel üst temaya ulaşılmıştır. Bu temalar sırasıyla, (1) Psikolojik ve Fiziksel Şiddetin Birbirine İçkin Yapısı, (2) “Kapana kısılmıştı(m)”: Psikososyal Kaynakları Tükenen Kadınlar, (3) Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Temelinde “Normalleşen” Bir Yakın İlişki Döngüsü ve (4) Bir Baş Etme Stratejisi Olarak Kendine ya da Şiddet Uygulayan Partnere Zarar Verme olarak kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Tüm temalar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde psikolojik yakın partner şiddetinin çok boyutlu bir toplumsal sorun olduğu ve bu şiddet tipinin kuşaklararası geçişinin bireysel, ailesel ve toplumsal faktörlerin döngüsel etkileşimi çerçevesinde ele alınması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular Sosyal Öğrenme Kuramı ve toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifi temelinde tartışılmış ve psikolojik şiddetin ailesel geçişi ve etkilerini hedef alan klinik uygulamaların güçlendirici bir psikososyal bakış açısı temelinde gerçekleştirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Keywords

psikolojik şiddet, yakın partner şiddeti, kuşaklararası aktarım, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri

“I was trapped”: Psychological intimate partner abuse against women and its intergenerational transmission

Abstract

Although there exists several research investigating the impacts of physical violence in romantic relationships and its intergenerational transmission, only a limited number of studies have examined psychological intimate partner abuse against women and its familial transmission. The aim of the current study was to understand subjective experiences of psychological intimate partner violence and the psychological factors centering around its intergenerational transmission. For this reason, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven young adult women aged between 18 and 25 whom both themselves and their mothers were exposed to psychological intimate partner violence. Obtained data were subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. As a result of the analyses, four super-ordinate themes emerged. These themes were conceptualized as (1) The Immanent Nature of Psychological and Physical Violence, (2) “I was trapped”: Women with Depleted Psychosocial Resources, (3) A “Normalized” Intimate Relationship Pattern due to Gender Roles, and (4) Use of Self-Harm or Violence Perpetuation against Abusive Partner as a Coping Strategy. All themes together highlighted that psychological partner violence is a multidimensional problem and its intergenerational transmission should be addressed within the framework of cyclical interaction of individual, family, and social factors. Obtained findings were discussed in relation to Social Learning Theory and gender roles perspective, and information was provided regarding the importance of integrating a resilience promoting psychosocial perspective for clinical applications targeting familial transmission and impacts of psychological partner violence.

Keywords

psychological abuse, intimate partner abuse, intergenerational transmission, traditional gender roles

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