Bilişsel rehabilitasyonun Alzheimer hastalığı ve hafif bilişsel bozukluk üzerindeki etkisine yönelik gözden geçirme

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 106 - 115, 25.04.2025

Pınar Uysal Cantürk , Ceren Akçam

https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1262396

Abstract

Günümüzde Alzheimer hastalığı (AH) ve hafif bilişsel bozukluk (HBB) dünya üzerinde sayısız bireyi etkileyerek en yaygın nörodejeneratif hastalıklar arasında yerini almaktadır. Alzheimer hastalığı bellek işlevlerinden dil işlevlerine kadar geniş bir yelpazede bilişsel işlevleri etkilemektedir ve hastalığın ilerlemesi ile bireyler üçüncü şahısların yardımına ihtiyaç duyabilmektedir. Hafif bilişsel bozulma, bireylerin bilişsel işlevlerinde gözlemlenen bozulmanın en erken evresi olarak tanımlanabilir. HBB’de birden fazla bilişsel alanda bozulmalar gözlemlenebilirken bireylerin günlük yaşamlarında bir miktar işlevsellik gösterebildikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca Alzheimer hastalığı ve HBB beynin bazı bölgelerinde (parietal lob, frontal lob, temporal lob) dejenerasyona neden olur ve hastalık ilerledikçe, bazı beyin bölgelerinde büzülmeler meydana gelebilir. Bu nedenle, Alzheimer hastalığı ve HBB tanısı almış bireylerin günlük aktivitelerini geliştirmek adına bir dizi müdahale tekniği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilişsel rehabilitasyon, günlük yaşam aktivitelerini iyileştirmeye odaklanan bireyselleştirilmiş bir süreçtir. Ayrıca bilişsel rehabilitasyonun etkinliği, Alzheimer hastalığı ve HBB’nin etkilediği bilişsel alanlarda çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından ortaya konmuştur. Farklı araştırmacılar, farklı bilişsel rehabilitasyon programlarının bireylerin hayatlarının bilişsel, sosyal ve psikolojik alanlarını etkili bir şekilde geliştirdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu nedenle bu alanyazın taraması, 2015 yılından sonra Alzheimer hastası olan ve HBB'li bireylere uygulanan bilişsel rehabilitasyon programlarının etkinliğini incelemeyi ve incelenen bulguları derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Alzheimer hastalığı , bilişsel rehabilitasyon , hafif bilişsel bozukluk , bilişsel müdahale

Ethical Statement

DECLARATIONS Ethics Committee Approval N/A Conflict of Interest All authors of this article declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the article. Informed Consent N/A Project/Funding Information This study was not conducted as part of any project, and no funding or grants were used. Data Sharing/Availability N/A Authors’ Contributions PUC and CA contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study. PUC and CA performed literature review and writing of the article. PUC suggested corrections for and supervised the article. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the article.

Review of literature on effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have taken their place among the most common neurodegenerative diseases by affecting countless people around the world. Mild cognitive impairment can be defined as the earliest stage of deterioration in cognitive functions. While impairment in more than one cognitive domain can be seen in MCI, it is seen that individuals can show some level of functionality in daily life. Also, Alzheimer's and MCI cause degeneration in some parts of the brain (parietal lobe, frontal lobe, temporal lobe), and disease progresses, and shrinkage may occur in some brain regions. Thus, a series of intervention techniques have been introduced to improve the daily living activities of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's and MCI. Cognitive rehabilitation is an individualized process that focuses on improving daily living activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on Alzheimer's disease and MCI in numerous cognitive domains is proven by different researchers. Different researchers prove that different cognitive rehabilitation programs effectively improve the cognitive, social, and psychological domains of individuals' lives. Therefore, this literature review aims to examine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs applied after 2015 to individuals with Alzheimer's and MCI and to compile the examined findings.

Keywords

Alzheimer , cognitive rehabilitation , mild cognitive impairment , cognitive intervention

Ethical Statement

DECLARATIONS Ethics Committee Approval N/A Conflict of Interest All authors of this article declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the article. Informed Consent N/A Project/Funding Information This study was not conducted as part of any project, and no funding or grants were used. Data Sharing/Availability N/A Authors’ Contributions PUC and CA contributed to the conceptualization and design of the study. PUC and CA performed literature review and writing of the article. PUC suggested corrections for and supervised the article. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the article.

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