INVESTIGATION OF Pb AND Ni LEVELS IN SUNFLOWER PLANT AGRICULTURE TWO DIFFERENT PH ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

ÖZ Bu çalışmada Kırklareli İlinde bulunan iki farklı pH ortamına sahip tarım arazilerinden toplanan toprak örneklerinde ağır metallerin (Pb ve Ni) ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kırklareli ve Kavaklı ilçesindeki çiftlik arazisinden çalışma pH değerleri farklı ve 3 farklı dönemde (bitkinin oluşumundan sonra 1. ve 6. hafta, hasat zamanı) btki örnekleri alındı. Pb ve Ni metallerinin konsantrasyonunu belirlemek için okuma işlemi Alevli Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi (FAAS) ile gerçekleştirildi. Birinci bölgedeki topraklardaki Pb ve Ni metal konsantrasyonları 36.3-43.7 mg / kg ve 12.6-14.9 mg / kg, ikinci bölgede ise toprak konsantrasyonları 11.7-17.1 mg / kg, 0.09-0.24 mg / kg, 3.12 idi. Sırasıyla -4.353 mg / kg, 7.89-11.2 mg / kg, 56.3-9.54 mg / kg. Birinci bölge bitki bileşenlerindeki Pb ve Ni metal konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 1.93-12.1 mg / kg ve 0.56-11.8 mg / kg, ikinci bölge ise sırasıyla 6.92-14.8 mg / kg ve 0.58-9.37 mg / kg idi. Bağıl standart sapmanın (RSD)% 10'dan az olduğu bulundu. Numunelerin analizinin RSD'si tatmin edici bir hassasiyete sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Abstract In this study, in the soil samples collected from farmland with two different pH environments located in Kırklareli Province, heavy metals (Pb and Ni) were aimed to investigate the relationship. The working pH values are took in 3 different periods (after the formation of the plant, week of 1 and 6, harvest time) from the farm land in the town of Kırklareli and Kavaklı. In order to determine the concentration of Pb and Ni metals, the reading process was performed by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The concentrations of Pb and Ni metals in soils in the first region were 36.3-43.7 mg/kg and 12.6-14.9 mg/kg, in the second region soil concentrations were 11.7-17.1 mg/kg, 0.09-0.24 mg/kg, 3.12-4.353 mg/kg, 7.89-11.2 mg/kg, 56.3-9.54 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Ni metals in first region plant components were 1.93-12.1 mg/kg, and 0.56-11.8 mg/kg, the second region was 6.92-14.8 mg/kg and 0.58-9.37 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be less than 10%. The RSD of analysis of samples have satisfying precision.

Keywords

• FAAS
• heavy metal
• soil
• parts of sunflower

INVESTIGATION OF Pb AND Ni LEVELS IN SUNFLOWER PLANT AGRICULTURE TWO DIFFERENT PH ENVIRONMENTS

Abstract

In this study, in the soil samples collected from farmland with two different pH environments located in Kırklareli Province, heavy metals (Pb and Ni) were aimed to investigate the relationship. The working pH values are took in 3 different periods (after the formation of the plant, week of 1 and 6, harvest time) from the farm land in the town of Kırklareli and Kavaklı. In order to determine the concentration of Pb and Ni metals, the reading process was performed by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The concentrations of Pb and Ni metals in soils in the first region were 36.3-43.7 mg/kg and 12.6-14.9 mg/kg, in the second region soil concentrations were 11.7-17.1 mg/kg, 0.09-0.24 mg/kg, 3.12-4.353 mg/kg, 7.89-11.2 mg/kg, 56.3-9.54 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Pb and Ni metals in first region plant components were 1.93-12.1 mg/kg, and 0.56-11.8 mg/kg, the second region was 6.92-14.8 mg/kg and 0.58-9.37 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be less than 10%. The RSD of analysis of samples have satisfying precision.

Keywords

• FAAS
• Heavy Metals
• Soil
• Sun Flower

References

1. [1] Sessitsch, A., Kuffner, M., Kidd, P., Vangronsveld, J., Wenzel, W.W., Fallmann, K., The role of plant-associated bacteria in the mobilization and phytoextraction of trace elements in contaminated soils. Soil Biol Biochem, C 60, S 182-94, 2013.
2. [2] Mendil, D., Uluozlu, O.D., Tuzen, M., Soylak, M., Investigation of the levels of some element in edible oil samples produced in Turkey by atomic absorption spectrometry J. Hazard. Mater., C 165, S 724–728, 2009.
3. [3] Bakircioglu, D., Kurtulus, Y.B., İbar, H., Comparison of extraction procedures for assessing soil metal bioavailability of to wheat grains. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, C 39 (8), S 728-734, 2011.
4. [4] Amin H, Arain BA, Jahangir TM, Abbasi MS, Amin F. Accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in plant tissues of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): profitable phytoremediation with biofuel crops. Geol Ecol Landscapes, C 2, S 51-60, 2018.
5. [5] Okçu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, M., Pehluvan, M., Ağır Metallerin Bitkiler Üzerine Etkileri. Doğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Erzurum. C 17 (B), S 14-26, 2009.
6. [6] Azevedo, R. A. and Lea P.J., Toxic Metals in Plants, Brasil Journal Plant Physiology, 17-1, 2005.
7. [7] Yörük, O., Ergene Havzasında Yeriştirilen Ayçiçek Bitkisinde (Helianthus annuus L.)Bazı Eser Element İçeriklerinin ICP-OES ile Tayini (Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Trakya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kimya Anabilim Dalı Edirne, 2008.
8. [8] Mehmet Aycicek, Olcay Kaplan, Mehmet Yaman, Effect of Cadmium on Germination, Early Seedling Growth and Metal Contents of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.), Asian J. Chem, 20(4), S 2663-2672, 2008.

9. [9] Asri, F., Sönmez, S., Ağır Metal Toksisitesinin Bitki Metabolizması Üzerine Etkileri. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bölümü, Antalya, 2006.
10. [10] Pourrut B, Shahid M, Dumat C, Winterton P, Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants. Springer Verlag 213, S 113–36, 2012.
11. [11] Zengin, F. ve Munzuroğlu K.., Effects of lead (Pb2+) and Copper ( Cu2+) on the growth of root, Shoot and Leaf of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings, Gazi University, Journal Of Science 17(3), S 1-10, 2004.
12. [12] Ashraf U, Kanu AS, Mo Z, Hussain S, Anjum SA, Khan I., Lead toxicity in rice: effects, mechanisms, and mitigation strategies—a mini review. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 22, S 18318-32, 2015.
13. [13] Brown, P., H., Welch, R., M., Cary, E., E. Nickel: A micronutrient essential for higher plants. Plant Physiol. 85, S 801–803, 1987.
14. [14] Gerendas, J., Polacco, J., C., Freyermuth, S., K., Sattelmacher, B., Significance of nickel for plant growth and metabolism. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc. 162 (3), S 241–256, 1999.
15. [15] Tokay, F., Bağdat, S. Extraction of nickel from edible oils with a complexing agent prior to determination by FAAS. Food Chemistry, 197, S 445-449, 2016.
16. [16] Bakircioglu Kurtulus, Y., Bakircioglu, D., Babac A.C.,, Yurtsever, S., Topraksever, N., Extraction of Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni from Margarine Samples using Extraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking Procedure prior to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Comparison of Results to Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake Values, Journal of AOAC International, 103(5), S 1256–1263, 2020.
17. [17] Konyalı, S., Sunflower Production And Agricultural Policies In Turkey. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 6(4), S 11-19, 2017.
18. [18] Anonim, 2002, Official Gazette, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Ministry of Health (2002) Turkish Food Codex Communique´ on Determination of Maximum Levels of Specific Contaminants in Foodstuffs (Communique´ No: 2002/63) 1–13. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/09/20020923.htm
19. [19] Anonim 2016, TUİK (2016). Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK). (web sayfası: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/UstMenu.do? metod=kategorist ), alındığı tarihi: 04.09.2017.
20. [20] USDA, (2016), United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service (USDA).
21. [21] Bilen, S., Sezen, Y., Toprak Reaksiyonunun Bitki Besin Elementleri El Verişliliği Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Ü. Zir. Fak. Der., 24 (2), 156-166, Erzurum, Türkiye, 1993.
22. [22] JECFA (1983) Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants. Twenthy-seventh Report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Commitee on Food Additives. Tchnical Report Series 696, 52. https://www.who.int/ipcs/publica tions/jecfa/reports/trs940.pdf
23. [23] FAO (1996) Trace Elements in Human Nutrition and Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publica tions/micronutrients/9241561734/en/