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Nijerya'da Tarım Sektörüne Yapılan Devlet Harcamaları, DYY Girişi ve Tarım Çıktısı Arasındaki Etkileşimin Araştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.1082183

Abstract

Bu çalışma, devlet harcamalarının tarım sektörü performansı üzerindeki etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç, tarım sektörüne yapılan devlet harcamalarının, incelenen dönemde sektörün performansını önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu da hükümetin sektöre yönelik harcama politikalarının beklendiği gibi sonuç verdiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, sektöre verilen ticari banka kredisi, tarım sektörü çıktısı üzerinde zayıf pozitif etki göstermektedir. DYY girişi ise sektörde büyüme karşıtı bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nedenle hükümet, sektör için genişletici maliye politikası benimsemesini tavsiye ediyor. Hükümet, sektörün çıktısındaki durgunluğu önlemek için aynı sektöre doğrudan yabancı yatırım akışının caydırılması için daha fazla tavsiyede bulunuyor. Devlet sektör için yabancı kaynaklar yerine yerel kaynakları seferber etmelidir. Sektör performansının iyileştirilmesi için sektöre yönelik para politikası güçlendirilmelidir. Tarım faaliyetleri için krediye uygulanan faiz oranı diğer sektörlere göre daha düşük olmalıdır. Ticari bankalar, üretimi artırmak için uzun bir yol kat edecek olan çiftçilere kredi sağlamaya katılımlarını artırmaya teşvik edilmelidir.

References

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  • Abellanosa, A., & Pava, H. (1987). Introduction to Crop Sience. Musuan, Bukidon: Central Mindanno University. Adegboye, R. O. (1967). The Need For Land Reform in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economics, 8(3), 441-453.
  • Adeniyi, P. (2016). Environmental Sustainability and Conservation of Nigeria Forest Reserves. Journal of Geography, Environmment and Earth Science, 6(1), 1-9.
  • Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Agricultural Financing in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) For Food Security in Nigeria (1978-2006). Journal of Economics, 3(1), 39-48.
  • Adewole, J., Adekambi, A., & Gabriel, I. (2015). An Assessment Of The Contributions Of Commercial Banks To Agricultural Financing in The Nigerian Economy. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 1(2), 1-16.
  • Aina, A. (2015). Government Spending and Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria. M.Sc. Unpublished Dissertation. University of Port Harcourt, College of Graduate Studies.
  • Argyrous, G. (2011). Statistics for Researchers. London: SAGE.
  • Ayeomoni, & Aladejana. (2016). Agricultural Credit and Economic Growth Nexus. Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(2), 146-158.
  • Benin, & Sunday. (2018). Government Expenditures in Kenya, 1950–2014: Determinants and Agricultural Growth Effects. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
  • Brown, & Ajayi. (2015). Does Productivity Indices And Sire Effects Of A Heterogeneous Rabbit Population In South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apiculture Research, 11(1-2), 1-9.
  • CBN. (2019). Central Bank Statistical Bullentin.
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  • Chandio, A., Yuansheng, J., Sahito, J., & Larik. (2016). Impact Of Formal Credit On Agricultural Output: Evidence From Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 10(8), 162-168.
  • Chandio, Jiang, Joyo, & Rehman. (2016). Impact Of Area Under Cultivation, Water Availability, Credit Disbursement. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6, 10–18.
  • Cletus, & Sunday. (2018). Government Expenditure On Agriculture And Economic Growth In Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 6(4), 24-39.
  • Demengnou, T. S., Ukohol, F. Y., & Daudu, S. (2014). Trends İn Budgetary Expenditure On The Agricultural Sector In Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2(1), 50-62.
  • Etale, & Ayunku. (2015). Determinants of Stock Market Development in Nigeria: A Cointegration Approach. Advances in Research, 3(4), 366-373.
  • Federal Department of Forestry, Nigeria. (2001). The Forest Revenue System And Government Expenditure On Forestry in Nigeria.
  • Federal Department Of Forestry/FAO. (2001). Forestry Outlook Study For Africa.
  • FMA, W. (2008). Guideline For Disbursement Of Funds For USSRP Works Contracts Programme Management Unit (PMU). Federal Ministry Of Agriculture And Water Resources, Nigeria.
  • Fugile, K., & Rada, N. (2013). Resorces, Policies, and Agricultural Productivityin Subsaharan Africa. Economic Research Report No. 145. US Department of Agriculture, Economic and Research Service.
  • Fuller, D. (2007). Contrasting Paterns in Crop Domestication And Domestication Rates: Recent Archeological İnsights From The Old Work. Animal of Bootany, 903-924.
  • Granger, C. (1981). Some Properties Of Time Series Data and Their Use in Econometric Model Specification. Journal of Econometrics, 16(1), 121-130.
  • Gujarati, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Harerimana. (2016). Analysis of Government Spending on Agriculture Sector and its Effects on Economic Growth in Rwanda. MSc. of Science in Economics, University of Rwanda.
  • Harris, D. (1989). An Evolutionnary Continuum Of People-Plant Interaction, in D.R. Harrision and GC Hillman. Forging And Farming. The Evolution Of Plant Exploitation. London: Unwin Human.
  • Haruna. (2015). Impact of Baryte Mining on Agriculture and Food Security in Azara, Nasarawa State, Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food Security, 2(1), 59-65.
  • Iganiga, B. O., & Unemhilin, D. O. (2011). The Impact of Federal Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. Journal of Economics, 2(2), 81-88.
  • Ijaiya, G., & Abudulraheem, A. (2000). Commercial Bank Credit To The Agricultural Sector And Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Calibration Analysis. Nigeria Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 1(1), 43-57.
  • Ikpesu, F. (2019). Growth Effects Of Capital Inflows And Investment. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Science., 8(1), 5-19.
  • Ita, E. (1993). In-land Fisheries of Nigeria. Rome Publuication of FAO.
  • Iya, I. B., & Aminu, U. (2015). An Investigation Into The Impact Of Domestic Investment And Foriegn Direct Investment On Economic Growth In Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences, (2), 40-50.
  • Izuchukwu, O. (2011). Analysis Of The Contribution Of Agricultural Sector. World Review of Business Research, 1(1), 191-200.
  • Jhingan, M. (2010). Macroeconomics Theory, 12th edition. Delhi, India: Vrinda Publications.
  • Kemi, A. (2016). Diversification of Nigeria Economy Through Agricultural Production. Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(6), 104-107.
  • Ken, O., & Bidemi, J. (2016). Dynamic Effect Of Government Spending On Agricultural Output In Nigeria. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 3(2), 1880–1886.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Palgrave Macmillian. Lloyd, P. C. (1962). Yoruba Land Law. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Makinde, H. (2016). Implications of Commercial Bank Loans On Economic Growth in Nigeria (1986-2014). Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 7(3), 124-136.
  • Matthew, & Mordecai. (2016). The Impact of Agricultural Output on Economic Development in Nigeria (1986-2014). Archives of Current Research International.
  • NBS. (2010). 2009 Annual Collaborative Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria. Publication of the federal Republic of Nigeria.
  • NBS. (2020). National Bureau of Statistics- Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nada/index.php/catalog
  • Ngozi, N., & Cordelia, O. (2018). Industrial policy on Fish Farming and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria (1990-2016). Saudi Journal of Business and Managemnet Studies, 2(5A), 500-506.
  • Nnamocha, P., & Eke, C. (2015). Bank Credit And Agricultural Output İn Nigeria: An Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 10(2), 1-12.
  • Nosike, A. (2019). Total Government Spending On Agriculture and Its Output Growth in Nigeria. American Based Research Journal, 8(2), 28-41.
  • Nwafor. (2012.). Assessment Of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Utilization Of Manual Screw Press For Gari Production in Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 7(1), 107-115.
  • Nwajiuba, C. (n.d.). Nigeria’s Food Security Challenges. Retrieved from www.nestinterative.org. accessed, 11/25/2013.
  • Ojo, L. (2004). The Fate Of A Tropical Rain Forest İn Nigeria: Abeku Sector Of One Forest Reserve. Global Nest: The International Journal, 6(2), 116-130.
  • Olokoyo, O. (2011). Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Lending Behavior in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research, 2(2), 61-72.
  • Olomola. (2006). Oil Price Shock and Macroeconomic Activities in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. (3), 28-34.
  • Oluwaseun, Solomon, & Yusuf. (2020). Impact of Fiscal Policy on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research, Business and Social Science, 10(8) 224–243.
  • Osondu, C. K., & Ogbonna, S. I. (2015). Savings, Income and Investment Patterns and its Determinants Smong Small Holder Arable. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 3(1), 51-70.
  • Pesaran, & Shin. (1999). Centennial Volume of Rangar Frisch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rebentein, J. (2003). The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction To Human Geography. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Rekwot, Zakari, & Oyinbo. (2013). Agricultural Budgetary Allocation and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Rimando, T. (2004). Fundamentals Crop Sciences: U.P. Los Banos. University Publications Office. P.I. Rufus, & Oyewole. (2018). Public Expenditure On Agriculture And Output Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 7(4), 60-78.
  • Sebastian, Ariwa, & Uremadu. (2018). Impact of Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria. Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research.
  • Sertoğlu, Ugural, & Bekun. (2017). The Contribution of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth of Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 547-552.
  • Shaibu, Igbinuson, & Ahmed. (2015). Impact of Government Agricultural Expenditure on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology, 6(1), 23-33.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Stein, F. (2006). Organic Agriculture and Food Security. Sustainable Agriculture.
  • Steinfeld, H. (2006). Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome, Italy: FAO. Uger. (2013). The Impact of Federal Government’s Expenditure on the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria. Publication of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 114-122.
  • Ukeje, E. (2002). Towards Accelerated Industrial Crop Production: Problems And Prospects. CBN Bullion, 1(2).
  • Uzomba, P. C., Chukwu, S. N., Jumbo, G. A., & Nwankwo, N. U. (2014). An Inquiring into the Impact of Deposit Money Banks’ Loans/Advances on Agricultural Sector in Nigeria; 1980 –2011. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 130-139.
  • Vanguard News. (2015). PMB Agricultural Policies. Retrieved from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/agricultural%20policies
  • Wikipedia. (2020). Contribution of Agriculture to the economy of Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?client=opera&q=wikipedia+contribution+of+agriculture+to+the+economy&sourceid=opera&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8%20of%20Nigeria
  • World Bank Development Indicator. (2019).
  • Yisa, A. A. (2009). Cassava Marketing: Option For Sustainable Agricultural Development İn Nigeria. Ozean Journal of Applied Science, 20(4), 12-23.

Investigating The Interaction Between Government Expenditure On Agriculture Sector, FDI Inflow and Agriculture Output In Nigeria

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 1 - 19, 28.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.1082183

Abstract

This study set out to examine the impact of government expenditure on the agriculture sector performance. The result indicates that government expenditure on the agriculture sector significantly improves the performance of the sector in the period under review. This implies that spending policies of the government on the sector is yielding result as expected. However, commercial bank loan to the sector demonstrates weak positive influence on the agriculture sector output. FDI inflow on the other hand plays anti-growth role in the sector. Thus, the government is advice to adopt expansionary fiscal policy for the sector. The government is further advice to discourage the flow of FDI into the same sector to avoid the stagnation of the sector’s output. Government should mobilize local resources for the sector rather than foreign sources. Monetary policy towards the sector should be strengthened to improve the performance of the sector. Interest rate charged on loan for the purpose of agriculture activities should be lower than other sectors. Commercial banks should be encouraged to increase their participation in providing loan to farmers which will go a long way to boost output.

References

  • Abdellah. (2010). Agricultural Credit And Technical Efficiency İn Ghana: Is There A Nexus? Agricultural Finance Review, 76(2), 309-324.
  • Abellanosa, A., & Pava, H. (1987). Introduction to Crop Sience. Musuan, Bukidon: Central Mindanno University. Adegboye, R. O. (1967). The Need For Land Reform in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Economics, 8(3), 441-453.
  • Adeniyi, P. (2016). Environmental Sustainability and Conservation of Nigeria Forest Reserves. Journal of Geography, Environmment and Earth Science, 6(1), 1-9.
  • Adetiloye, K. A. (2012). Agricultural Financing in Nigeria: An Assessment of the Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) For Food Security in Nigeria (1978-2006). Journal of Economics, 3(1), 39-48.
  • Adewole, J., Adekambi, A., & Gabriel, I. (2015). An Assessment Of The Contributions Of Commercial Banks To Agricultural Financing in The Nigerian Economy. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 1(2), 1-16.
  • Aina, A. (2015). Government Spending and Agricultural Sector Performance in Nigeria. M.Sc. Unpublished Dissertation. University of Port Harcourt, College of Graduate Studies.
  • Argyrous, G. (2011). Statistics for Researchers. London: SAGE.
  • Ayeomoni, & Aladejana. (2016). Agricultural Credit and Economic Growth Nexus. Evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 6(2), 146-158.
  • Benin, & Sunday. (2018). Government Expenditures in Kenya, 1950–2014: Determinants and Agricultural Growth Effects. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
  • Brown, & Ajayi. (2015). Does Productivity Indices And Sire Effects Of A Heterogeneous Rabbit Population In South-Western Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agriculture and Apiculture Research, 11(1-2), 1-9.
  • CBN. (2019). Central Bank Statistical Bullentin.
  • Central Bank of Nigeria. (2019). (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, Abuja.
  • Chandio, A., Yuansheng, J., Sahito, J., & Larik. (2016). Impact Of Formal Credit On Agricultural Output: Evidence From Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 10(8), 162-168.
  • Chandio, Jiang, Joyo, & Rehman. (2016). Impact Of Area Under Cultivation, Water Availability, Credit Disbursement. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 6, 10–18.
  • Cletus, & Sunday. (2018). Government Expenditure On Agriculture And Economic Growth In Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research and Reflection, 6(4), 24-39.
  • Demengnou, T. S., Ukohol, F. Y., & Daudu, S. (2014). Trends İn Budgetary Expenditure On The Agricultural Sector In Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, 2(1), 50-62.
  • Etale, & Ayunku. (2015). Determinants of Stock Market Development in Nigeria: A Cointegration Approach. Advances in Research, 3(4), 366-373.
  • Federal Department of Forestry, Nigeria. (2001). The Forest Revenue System And Government Expenditure On Forestry in Nigeria.
  • Federal Department Of Forestry/FAO. (2001). Forestry Outlook Study For Africa.
  • FMA, W. (2008). Guideline For Disbursement Of Funds For USSRP Works Contracts Programme Management Unit (PMU). Federal Ministry Of Agriculture And Water Resources, Nigeria.
  • Fugile, K., & Rada, N. (2013). Resorces, Policies, and Agricultural Productivityin Subsaharan Africa. Economic Research Report No. 145. US Department of Agriculture, Economic and Research Service.
  • Fuller, D. (2007). Contrasting Paterns in Crop Domestication And Domestication Rates: Recent Archeological İnsights From The Old Work. Animal of Bootany, 903-924.
  • Granger, C. (1981). Some Properties Of Time Series Data and Their Use in Econometric Model Specification. Journal of Econometrics, 16(1), 121-130.
  • Gujarati, D. (2009). Basic Econometrics. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Harerimana. (2016). Analysis of Government Spending on Agriculture Sector and its Effects on Economic Growth in Rwanda. MSc. of Science in Economics, University of Rwanda.
  • Harris, D. (1989). An Evolutionnary Continuum Of People-Plant Interaction, in D.R. Harrision and GC Hillman. Forging And Farming. The Evolution Of Plant Exploitation. London: Unwin Human.
  • Haruna. (2015). Impact of Baryte Mining on Agriculture and Food Security in Azara, Nasarawa State, Dutse Journal of Agriculture and Food Security, 2(1), 59-65.
  • Iganiga, B. O., & Unemhilin, D. O. (2011). The Impact of Federal Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. Journal of Economics, 2(2), 81-88.
  • Ijaiya, G., & Abudulraheem, A. (2000). Commercial Bank Credit To The Agricultural Sector And Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Calibration Analysis. Nigeria Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 1(1), 43-57.
  • Ikpesu, F. (2019). Growth Effects Of Capital Inflows And Investment. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Science., 8(1), 5-19.
  • Ita, E. (1993). In-land Fisheries of Nigeria. Rome Publuication of FAO.
  • Iya, I. B., & Aminu, U. (2015). An Investigation Into The Impact Of Domestic Investment And Foriegn Direct Investment On Economic Growth In Nigeria. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences, (2), 40-50.
  • Izuchukwu, O. (2011). Analysis Of The Contribution Of Agricultural Sector. World Review of Business Research, 1(1), 191-200.
  • Jhingan, M. (2010). Macroeconomics Theory, 12th edition. Delhi, India: Vrinda Publications.
  • Kemi, A. (2016). Diversification of Nigeria Economy Through Agricultural Production. Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(6), 104-107.
  • Ken, O., & Bidemi, J. (2016). Dynamic Effect Of Government Spending On Agricultural Output In Nigeria. The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention, 3(2), 1880–1886.
  • Keynes, J. M. (1936). General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London: Palgrave Macmillian. Lloyd, P. C. (1962). Yoruba Land Law. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Makinde, H. (2016). Implications of Commercial Bank Loans On Economic Growth in Nigeria (1986-2014). Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 7(3), 124-136.
  • Matthew, & Mordecai. (2016). The Impact of Agricultural Output on Economic Development in Nigeria (1986-2014). Archives of Current Research International.
  • NBS. (2010). 2009 Annual Collaborative Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria. Publication of the federal Republic of Nigeria.
  • NBS. (2020). National Bureau of Statistics- Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nada/index.php/catalog
  • Ngozi, N., & Cordelia, O. (2018). Industrial policy on Fish Farming and Sustainable Economic Development in Nigeria (1990-2016). Saudi Journal of Business and Managemnet Studies, 2(5A), 500-506.
  • Nnamocha, P., & Eke, C. (2015). Bank Credit And Agricultural Output İn Nigeria: An Error Correction Model (ECM) Approach. British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 10(2), 1-12.
  • Nosike, A. (2019). Total Government Spending On Agriculture and Its Output Growth in Nigeria. American Based Research Journal, 8(2), 28-41.
  • Nwafor. (2012.). Assessment Of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Utilization Of Manual Screw Press For Gari Production in Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 7(1), 107-115.
  • Nwajiuba, C. (n.d.). Nigeria’s Food Security Challenges. Retrieved from www.nestinterative.org. accessed, 11/25/2013.
  • Ojo, L. (2004). The Fate Of A Tropical Rain Forest İn Nigeria: Abeku Sector Of One Forest Reserve. Global Nest: The International Journal, 6(2), 116-130.
  • Olokoyo, O. (2011). Determinants of Commercial Banks’ Lending Behavior in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research, 2(2), 61-72.
  • Olomola. (2006). Oil Price Shock and Macroeconomic Activities in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. (3), 28-34.
  • Oluwaseun, Solomon, & Yusuf. (2020). Impact of Fiscal Policy on Agricultural Output in Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research, Business and Social Science, 10(8) 224–243.
  • Osondu, C. K., & Ogbonna, S. I. (2015). Savings, Income and Investment Patterns and its Determinants Smong Small Holder Arable. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 3(1), 51-70.
  • Pesaran, & Shin. (1999). Centennial Volume of Rangar Frisch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rebentein, J. (2003). The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction To Human Geography. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Rekwot, Zakari, & Oyinbo. (2013). Agricultural Budgetary Allocation and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria. Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Rimando, T. (2004). Fundamentals Crop Sciences: U.P. Los Banos. University Publications Office. P.I. Rufus, & Oyewole. (2018). Public Expenditure On Agriculture And Output Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Arts and Commerce. 7(4), 60-78.
  • Sebastian, Ariwa, & Uremadu. (2018). Impact of Government Agricultural Expenditure on Agricultural Productivity in Nigeria. Current Investigations in Agriculture and Current Research.
  • Sertoğlu, Ugural, & Bekun. (2017). The Contribution of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth of Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 547-552.
  • Shaibu, Igbinuson, & Ahmed. (2015). Impact of Government Agricultural Expenditure on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology, 6(1), 23-33.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Stein, F. (2006). Organic Agriculture and Food Security. Sustainable Agriculture.
  • Steinfeld, H. (2006). Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options. Rome, Italy: FAO. Uger. (2013). The Impact of Federal Government’s Expenditure on the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria. Publication of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 114-122.
  • Ukeje, E. (2002). Towards Accelerated Industrial Crop Production: Problems And Prospects. CBN Bullion, 1(2).
  • Uzomba, P. C., Chukwu, S. N., Jumbo, G. A., & Nwankwo, N. U. (2014). An Inquiring into the Impact of Deposit Money Banks’ Loans/Advances on Agricultural Sector in Nigeria; 1980 –2011. International Review of Social Sciences and Humanities, 7(2), 130-139.
  • Vanguard News. (2015). PMB Agricultural Policies. Retrieved from https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/agricultural%20policies
  • Wikipedia. (2020). Contribution of Agriculture to the economy of Nigeria. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/search?client=opera&q=wikipedia+contribution+of+agriculture+to+the+economy&sourceid=opera&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8%20of%20Nigeria
  • World Bank Development Indicator. (2019).
  • Yisa, A. A. (2009). Cassava Marketing: Option For Sustainable Agricultural Development İn Nigeria. Ozean Journal of Applied Science, 20(4), 12-23.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Adewale Beke

Chidi Patrick Nwafor

Charity Gwandzang Isa

Publication Date March 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Beke, A., Nwafor, C. P., & Isa, C. G. (2023). Investigating The Interaction Between Government Expenditure On Agriculture Sector, FDI Inflow and Agriculture Output In Nigeria. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53306/klujfeas.1082183