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EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM INTERNATIONAL FIRMS IN GAZIANTEP PROVINCE

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 49, 663 - 684, 29.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1496886

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the international entrepreneurship (IE) and export performance (EP) of businesses in Gaziantep province. For this aim, data were gathered from companies operating in different sectors in Gaziantep province using convenience sampling method from non-random methods. 263 valid questionnaires were used in the analysis. The data obtained in the study were analyzed using the techniques of the structural equation model. Research shows that IE has a positive and significant effect on EP. In addition, there is a positive relationship between export performance and the sub-dimensions of "international entrepreneurship", "international market orientation", "international learning orientation", "international motivation" and "international network (cooperation) orientation with competitors and non-competitors".

References

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  • Ali, A. and Swiercz, P. M. (1991). Firm Size and Export Behaviour: Lessons from the Midwest, Journal of Small Business Management, 29(2), pp. 71-78.
  • Altun, I. (2017). Determinants of the export performance of SMEs: Comparative analysis of Türkish SMEs exporting to Middle East and European regions. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(3), 75- 88.
  • Altuntaş, G. Sozuer, A. and Semerciöz, F. (2015). Uluslararasi girişimcilik ile ihracat pazar performansi arasindaki ilişki: Türkiye’deki ihracatçi işletmeler örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(1), 65-78.
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  • Asghari, E. and Rostami, A.R.R. (2017). The role of export entrepreneurship effective factors in export performance. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 7(4), 1855-1862.
  • Auboin, M. and Ruta, M. (2011). The relationship between exchange rates and international trade: a review of economic literature. Available at SSRN 1955847.
  • Baldauf, A., Cravens, D. W. and Wagner, U. (2000). Examining determinants of export performance in small open economies. Journal of World Business, 35(1), 61-79.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
  • Boukari, Z. and İyigün, N.Ö. (2022). The relationship between entrepreneurship orientation and export performance: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 8(2), 47-54.
  • Borgersen, T.A.(2005). The problem of exporting for developing countries SMEs-market entry costs, exchange rate shocks and the capital structure of firms. The Journal of African Policy Studies, Vol. 10(1), pp. 1-19.
  • Brooks, M.R. and Rosson P.J. (1982). A study of the export behaviour of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in three Canadian provinces. Export management: An international context, pp. 39-54.
  • Cavusgil, S.T. (1985). Guidelines for export market research. Business Horizons, 28(6), 27-33.
  • Cavusgil, S.T. and Knight, G.A. (2009). Born global firms: A new international enterprise (first edit.). New York: Business Expert Press.
  • Chetty, S.K. and Hamilton, R.T. (1993). Firm-level determinants of export performance: a metaanalysis, International Marketing Review, 10(3), pp. 26-34.
  • Czinkota, M.R., Knight, G., Liesch, P.W. and Steen, J. (2010). Terrorism and international business: A research agenda. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 826-843.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S. (2021a). Yeşile boyama ve yeşil satın alma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide yeşil marka imajı ve yeşil marka sadakatinin aracılık rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2146-2161.
  • Dabakoğlu, M. and Bakan, S. (2021). Tarım Sektörünün İhracat Sorunları: Mardin İli Örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (45), 251-272.
  • Dana, L., Grandinetti, R. and Mason, M. (2016). International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: Evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 29(4), 602.
  • Dean, D.L., Mengüç, B. and Mayers, C.P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: A survey of the literature and an investigation of new zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 461-477.
  • Dhanaraj, C. and Beamish, P.W. (2003). A resource‐based approach to the study of export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(3), 242-261.
  • Dimitratos, P., Voudouris, I., Plakoyiannaki, E. and Nakos, G. (2012). International entrepreneurial culture-toward a comprehensive opportunity-based operationalization of international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 21(4), 708-721.
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  • Eriksson, K. and Chetty, S. (2003). The effect of experience and absorptive capacity on foreign market knowledge. International Business Review, 12(6), 673–695.
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  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
  • Freeman, S. (2012). ‘Born Global firms' Use of Networks and Alliances: A Social Dynamic Perspective. Handbook of Research on Born Globals, Chapitre, 128-144.
  • Fugazza, M. (2008). Export performance and its determinants: Supply and demand constraints. Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series, (26).
  • Gripsrud, G. (1990). The determinants of export decisions and attitudes to a distant market: Norwegian fishery exports to Japan, Journal of International Business Studies, 21, 469-485.
  • Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E. (1995), Trade wars and trade talks. Journal of Political Economy, 103(4), 675- 708.
  • Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri, felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 260-271.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Black, B. and Babin, B. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education.
  • Haydaroğlu, S. and Besler, S. (2021). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel muhalefete etkisi ve lider-üye etkileşiminin düzenleyici rolü: Beyaz yakalı çalışanlar üzerinde bir araştırma. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 123-140.
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  • Jones, M., Coviello, N. and Tang, Y. (2011). International entrepreneurship research (1989-2009): A domain ontology and thematic analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, 26(6), 632–659.
  • Julien, P.A. and Ramangalahy, C. (2003). Competitive strategy and performance of exporting SMEs: An empirical investigation of the impact of their export information search and competencies. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 27(3), 227- 245.
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  • Karapinar, B. (2012). Defining the legal boundaries of export restrictions: A case law analysis. Journal of International Economic Law, 15(2), 443-479.
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ULUSLARARASI GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİN İHRACAT PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ: GAZİANTEP İLİNDEKİ ULUSLARARASI FİRMALARDAN KANITLAR

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 49, 663 - 684, 29.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1496886

Abstract

Bu çalışmada amaç, Gaziantep ilinde ihracat faaliyetinde bulunan işletmelerin uluslararası girişimcilik eğilimi ile ihracat performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaç kapsamında Gaziantep ilinde farklı sektörde faaliyette bulunan firmalardan tesadüfi olmayan yöntemlerden kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle veriler toplanmıştır. Geçerli olan 263 anket formu analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, yapısal eşitlik modellemesi teknikleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma uluslararası girişimciliğin ihracat performansını pozitif yönde ve anlamlı etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, uluslararası girişimciliğin “uluslararası girişimcilik yönelimi”, “uluslararası pazar yönelimi”, “uluslararası öğrenme yönelimi”, “uluslararası isteklendirme” ve “rakip olanlarla ve olmayanlarla uluslararası ağ (işbirliği) yönelimi” alt boyutları ile ihracat performansı arasında da pozitif yönde bir ilişki olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

References

  • Aaby N. and Slater S. F. (1989). Management influences on export performance: a review of the empirical literature 1978–88.International Marketing Review, 6(4), 7–26.
  • Adu-Gyamfi, N. and Korneliussen, T. (2013). Antecedents of export performance: the case of an emerging market. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 8(4), 354-372.
  • Ali, A. and Swiercz, P. M. (1991). Firm Size and Export Behaviour: Lessons from the Midwest, Journal of Small Business Management, 29(2), pp. 71-78.
  • Altun, I. (2017). Determinants of the export performance of SMEs: Comparative analysis of Türkish SMEs exporting to Middle East and European regions. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(3), 75- 88.
  • Altuntaş, G. Sozuer, A. and Semerciöz, F. (2015). Uluslararasi girişimcilik ile ihracat pazar performansi arasindaki ilişki: Türkiye’deki ihracatçi işletmeler örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 16(1), 65-78.
  • Alvarez S.A. and Barney J. B. (2001). How can entrepreneurial firms really benefit from alliances with large firms?, Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(4), 600-628.
  • Asghari, E. and Rostami, A.R.R. (2017). The role of export entrepreneurship effective factors in export performance. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 7(4), 1855-1862.
  • Auboin, M. and Ruta, M. (2011). The relationship between exchange rates and international trade: a review of economic literature. Available at SSRN 1955847.
  • Baldauf, A., Cravens, D. W. and Wagner, U. (2000). Examining determinants of export performance in small open economies. Journal of World Business, 35(1), 61-79.
  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.
  • Boukari, Z. and İyigün, N.Ö. (2022). The relationship between entrepreneurship orientation and export performance: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, 8(2), 47-54.
  • Borgersen, T.A.(2005). The problem of exporting for developing countries SMEs-market entry costs, exchange rate shocks and the capital structure of firms. The Journal of African Policy Studies, Vol. 10(1), pp. 1-19.
  • Brooks, M.R. and Rosson P.J. (1982). A study of the export behaviour of small and medium-sized manufacturing firms in three Canadian provinces. Export management: An international context, pp. 39-54.
  • Cavusgil, S.T. (1985). Guidelines for export market research. Business Horizons, 28(6), 27-33.
  • Cavusgil, S.T. and Knight, G.A. (2009). Born global firms: A new international enterprise (first edit.). New York: Business Expert Press.
  • Chetty, S.K. and Hamilton, R.T. (1993). Firm-level determinants of export performance: a metaanalysis, International Marketing Review, 10(3), pp. 26-34.
  • Czinkota, M.R., Knight, G., Liesch, P.W. and Steen, J. (2010). Terrorism and international business: A research agenda. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 826-843.
  • Çavuşoğlu, S. (2021a). Yeşile boyama ve yeşil satın alma davranışı arasındaki ilişkide yeşil marka imajı ve yeşil marka sadakatinin aracılık rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2146-2161.
  • Dabakoğlu, M. and Bakan, S. (2021). Tarım Sektörünün İhracat Sorunları: Mardin İli Örneği. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (45), 251-272.
  • Dana, L., Grandinetti, R. and Mason, M. (2016). International entrepreneurship, export planning and export performance: Evidence from a sample of winemaking SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 29(4), 602.
  • Dean, D.L., Mengüç, B. and Mayers, C.P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: A survey of the literature and an investigation of new zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29(5), 461-477.
  • Dhanaraj, C. and Beamish, P.W. (2003). A resource‐based approach to the study of export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(3), 242-261.
  • Dimitratos, P., Voudouris, I., Plakoyiannaki, E. and Nakos, G. (2012). International entrepreneurial culture-toward a comprehensive opportunity-based operationalization of international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 21(4), 708-721.
  • Dominguez, L.V. and Sequeira, C.G. (1993). Determinants of LDC exporters' performance: A cross-national study. Journal of International Business Studies, 24(1), 19- 40.
  • Dubini, P. and Aldrich, H. (1991). Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process. Journal of Business Venturing, 6, 305-313.
  • Eriksson, K. and Chetty, S. (2003). The effect of experience and absorptive capacity on foreign market knowledge. International Business Review, 12(6), 673–695.
  • Eroglu, O., Altun, M. İ. and Altun, M. M. (2016). The Political Crisis in Turkey-Israel Relations and Economic Interdependence. In 37th International Business Research Conference, Las Vegas, USA.
  • Faroque, A., Kuivalainen, O., Ahmed, J., Rahman, M., Roy, H., Ali, M. and Mostafiz, I. (2021). Performance implications of export assistance: the mediating role of export entrepreneurship, International Marketing Review, 38(6), 1370-1399.
  • Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
  • Freeman, S. (2012). ‘Born Global firms' Use of Networks and Alliances: A Social Dynamic Perspective. Handbook of Research on Born Globals, Chapitre, 128-144.
  • Fugazza, M. (2008). Export performance and its determinants: Supply and demand constraints. Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series, (26).
  • Gripsrud, G. (1990). The determinants of export decisions and attitudes to a distant market: Norwegian fishery exports to Japan, Journal of International Business Studies, 21, 469-485.
  • Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E. (1995), Trade wars and trade talks. Journal of Political Economy, 103(4), 675- 708.
  • Gürbüz, S. and Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri, felsefe-yöntem-analiz. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 260-271.
  • Hair, J., Anderson, R., Black, B. and Babin, B. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education.
  • Haydaroğlu, S. and Besler, S. (2021). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel muhalefete etkisi ve lider-üye etkileşiminin düzenleyici rolü: Beyaz yakalı çalışanlar üzerinde bir araştırma. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 123-140.
  • Hooper, P. and Kohlhagen, S.W. (1978). The effect of exchange rate uncertainty on the prices and volume of international trade, Journal of International Economics, 8(4), pp. 483-511.
  • Jones, M., Coviello, N. and Tang, Y. (2011). International entrepreneurship research (1989-2009): A domain ontology and thematic analysis, Journal of Business Venturing, 26(6), 632–659.
  • Julien, P.A. and Ramangalahy, C. (2003). Competitive strategy and performance of exporting SMEs: An empirical investigation of the impact of their export information search and competencies. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 27(3), 227- 245.
  • Kalinic, I. and Brouthers, K. D. (2022). Entrepreneurial orientation, export channel selection, and export performance of SMEs. International Business Review, 31(1), 101901.
  • Karapinar, B. (2012). Defining the legal boundaries of export restrictions: A case law analysis. Journal of International Economic Law, 15(2), 443-479.
  • Katsikeas, C. S. and Morgan, R. E. (1994). Differences in perceptions of exporting problems based on firm size and export market experience. European journal of marketing, 28(5), 17-35.
  • Klein, S. and Roth, V.J. (1990). Determinants of Export Channel Structure: The Effects of Experience and Psychic Distance Reconsidered. International Marketing Review, 7(5).
  • Knight, G.A., and Cavusgil, S.T. (1996). The born global firm: A challenge to traditional internationalization theory. Advances in international marketing, 8(1), 11-26.
  • Knight, G.A. and Cavusgil, S.T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born-global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 124-141.
  • Kuemmerle, W. (1999). The drivers of foreign direct investment into research and development: an empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(1), 1–24.
  • Kurt, İ. and Bilge, H. (2016). The link between international entrepreneurship and export performance: Example of Manisa. Journal of Human Sciences, 13(3), 4685-4696.
  • Kurnaz, G. (2025). The Mediating Role of Green Transformational Leadership in the Effect of Green Organizational Culture on Organizational Commitment. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 32(1), 51-66.
  • Kurnaz, G., Eroğlu, O., Altun, İ. and Emen, E. (2024). Psikolojik Sermayenin Örgütsel Yabancilaşma Üzerindeki Etkisinin Analizi. Artuklu Kaime, 7(2), 156-170.
  • Li, J., Vertinsky, I. and Zhang, H. (2013). The quality of domestic legal institutions and export performance: Theory and evidence from China. Management international review, 53, 361-390.
  • Li, J., Liu, K. and Zhang, J. (2023). Legal environment, contract intensity, and export quality. China Economic Review, 79, 101976.
  • Man, T. W., Lau, T. and Chan, K. F. (2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(2), 123-142.
  • McDougall, P. P., Jones, M.V. and Serapio, M.G. (2014). High-potential concepts, phenomena, and theories for the advancement of international entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(1), 1– 10.
  • McDougall, P.P. and Oviatt, B.M. (2000). International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 902–908.
  • Meydan, C.H. and Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları, Detay Yayıncılık.
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There are 77 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Entrepreneurship
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Doru

İslam Altun 0000-0001-7419-4029

Gazi Kurnaz 0000-0002-9871-5359

Early Pub Date August 25, 2025
Publication Date August 29, 2025
Submission Date July 16, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 49

Cite

APA Doru, Ö., Altun, İ., & Kurnaz, G. (2025). EXAMINING THE EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON EXPORT PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM INTERNATIONAL FIRMS IN GAZIANTEP PROVINCE. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 27(49), 663-684. https://doi.org/10.18493/kmusekad.1496886