NEUROLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF SYDENHAM CHOREA

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 4, 241 - 245, 01.07.2021

Dilek Çavuşoğlu Ayhan Pektas

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.718965

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In this study, it was aimed to assess the neurological evaluation of children diagnosed with sydenham chorea.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children diagnosed with Sydenham's chorea were retrospectively screened and evaluated for demographic, clinical, laboratory, neuroimaging, echocardiographic findings (ECHO), presenting complaints, and response to the treatment.
RESULTS: Ten patients with Sydenham chorea were included in the study. Eight of the patients were female (80%), two were male (20%), the female / male ratio was 4 and the mean age at diagnosis was 12.05 ± 2.84 years. Carditis was detected in all cases (100%) at the admission. ECHO examination revealed mitral insufficiency in six cases (60%), mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency in four cases (40%). When the cases were evaluated in terms of presenting complaints, seven cases (70%) had choreiform movements; one case choreiform movements and gait disturbance; one patient presented with hemiparesis, dysarthria, and choreiform movements and one patient presented with emotional instability and gait disturbance. Generalized chorea was observed in four cases (40%) and hemicorea in six cases (60%). Four (66.6%) of the cases hadright hemicorea and two had left hemicorea (33.3%). Valproate treatment (10-15 mg / kg / day) was administered to all patients. The duration of the disappearance of choreiform movements ranged from 20 to 90 days (mean 42.50 ± 22.39 days). No side effects were observed in any of the patients. Only one patient had a positive ANA. When the neuroimaging was examined, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal in eight cases (80%) and pathology was observed in two cases (20%). Brain MRI revealed glioticlesions in the periventricular white matter in one case and in the bilateral frontal lobe deep white matter in the other case.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the neurological examination is important in the diagnosis of Sydenham's chorea, it should be kept in mind that patients may present with behavioral symptoms before choreiform movements. It can be suggested that valproate is an effective and safe treatment option and non-specific hyperintense lesions seen on brain MRI are the result of inflammation and vasculitis mechanisms.

Keywords

Sydenham Chorea, Child, Neurological Outcome

SYDENHAM KORESİ TANISI ALAN OLGULARIN NÖROLOJİK AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada Sydenham koresi tanısı alan çocukların nörolojik açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Tanı alan hastalar retrospektif olarak taranıp demografik, klinik, laboratuar, nörogörüntüleme, ekokardiyografi (EKO), başvuru yakınmaları ve uygulanan tedaviye yanıtları bakımından değerlendirilmiştir.
BULGULAR: Çalışmaya 10 olgu dahil edildi. Hastaların sekizi kız (%80), ikisi erkek (%20), kız/erkek oranı 4, ortalama tanı yaşı 12,05±2,84 yıl olarak saptandı. Başvuru anında olguların hepsinde (%100) kardit tesbit edildi. EKO incelemesinde altı olguda (%60) sadece mitral yetmezlik, dört olguda (%40) ise mitral yetmezlik ve aort yetmezliği mevcuttu. Başvuru yakınmaları açısından değerlendirildiğinde yedi olgu (%70) koreiform hareketler; bir olgu koreiform hareketler ve yürüyüş bozukluğu; bir olgu hemiparezi, dizartri ve koreiform hareketler ve bir olgu da emosyonel instabilite ve yürüyüş bozukluğu nedeniyle başvurdu. Jeneralize kore dört olguda (%40), hemikore altı olguda (%60) izlendi. Olguların dördünde sağ (% 66,6) ve ikisinde sol (%33,3) hemikore bulgusu saptandı. Hastaların tümüne valproat tedavisi (10-15 mg/kg/gün) başlandı. Tedavi ile koreiform hareketlerin kaybolma süresi 20-90 gün (ortalama 42,50±22,39 gün) arasında değişti. Hastaların hiç birinde yan etki gözlenmedi. Yalnızca bir hastanın ANA değeri pozitif olarak saptandı. Olguların sekizinin (%80) beyin manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) tetkiki normal olup iki olguda (%20) patoloji izlendi. Beyin MRG’de bir olguda periventriküler beyaz cevherde bir olguda ise bilateral frontal lob derin beyaz cevherde gliotik lezyonlar saptandı.
SONUÇ: Tanıda nörolojik muayene önemli olmakla beraber hastaların koreiform hareketlerden önce davranışsal semptomlar ile de başvurabileceği akılda tutulmalıdır. Valproatın etkin ve güvenilir bir tedavi seçeneği olduğu ve beyin MRG’de görülen spesifik olmayan hiperintens lezyonların inflamasyon ve vaskulit mekanizmalarının sonucu ortaya çıktığı ileri sürülebilir.

Keywords

Sydenham koresi, çocuk, nörolojik sonuç

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