ANALYZING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON DEPRESSION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS WORKING IN PRE-HOSPITAL EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 4, 372 - 377, 17.10.2022

Necip Gökhan Guner , Cengiz Durmuş , Yusuf Yurumez , Erkan Yamaç Fatih Güneysu , Ensar Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.935503

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is thought to have affected the mental health of all humanity, especially health workers. It is important to evaluate prehospital healthcare workers fighting COVID-19 at the forefront in terms of depression, which is one of the most common psychiatric diseases, and to determine the factors that affect it. In this study, we aimed to analyze the COVID-19-related depression and associated factors among healthcare professionals working in pre-hospital emergency medical services (PEMS).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey method on 552 healthcare professionals working in PEMS. The perceived risk and fear of being infected, trust in information sources, and depression levels as measured by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were evaluated in relation to COVID-19.
RESULTS: Women had higher BDI scores than men (p = 0.009). BDI scores were higher in widowed or divorced compared to married or single individuals. Those with greater perceived risk and fear of being infected with COVID-19 had also increased BDI scores. BDI scores were higher in those with low trust in information sources and a low level of knowledge about the disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Women, divorced or widowed, those with greater perceived risk and fear of being infected, those with low trust in information sources, and those with a low level of knowledge about the disease are more prone to depression associated with COVID-19 and hence should be supported.

Keywords

Emergency, Information, COVID-19, Depression, Pre-hospital

COVİD-19'UN HASTANE ÖNCESİ ACİL SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN SAĞLIK PROFESYONELLERİ ARASINDA DEPRESYON ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN ANALİZİ

Abstract

AMAÇ: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) salgınının tüm insanlığın, özellikle de sağlık çalışanlarının ruh sağlığını etkilediği düşünülmektedir. En sık görülen psikiyatrik hastalıklardan biri olan depresyon açısından COVID-19 ile ön planda mücadele eden hastane öncesi sağlık çalışanlarının değerlendirilmesi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Hastane öncesi acil tıbbi hizmetlerinde çalışan sağlık uzmanları arasında COVID-19 ile ilişkili depresyon ve ilişkili faktörleri analiz etmeyi amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu kesitsel çalışma, hastane öncesi acil tıbbi hizmetlerinde çalışan 552 sağlık mesleği mensubu üzerinde bir anket yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Beck’in Depresyon İndeksi (BDI) ile ölçülen infekte olma riski ve korkusu, bilgi kaynaklarına güven ve depresyon düzeyleri COVID-19 ile ilişkili olarak değerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Kadınların BDI skorları erkeklerden daha yüksekti (p = 0.009). BDI puanları, eşi vefat etmiş veya boşanmışlarda evli veya bekarlara göre daha yüksekti. COVID-19 ile enfekte olma korkusu yüksek olanlar da BDI puanları daha yüksek saptandı Bilgi kaynaklarına güveni daha az olan ve hastalık hakkındaki bilgi düzeyi düşük olanlar katılımcıların BDI puanları daha yüksek tespit edildi.
SONUÇ: Boşanmış veya dul kalmış kadınlar, enfekte olma riski ve enfekte olma korkusu daha yüksek olanlar, bilgi kaynaklarına güveni düşük olanlar ve hastalık hakkında düşük düzeyde bilgisi olanlar COVID-19 ile ilişkili depresyona daha yatkındır ve bu nedenle desteklenmelidir.

Keywords

Acil, Bilgi, COVID-19, Depresyon, Hastane öncesi

References

• 1. WHO. Coronavirus disease. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2020;2019(March):2633. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 Access: 1.05.2021.
• 2. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard [Internet]. https://covid19.who.int/ Access: 1.05.2021.
• 3. Eiser JR. Communication and interpretation of risk. Br Med Bull. 1998;54(4):779–90.
• 4. McAlonan GM, Lee AM, Cheung V, et al. Immediate and sustained psychological impact of an emerging infectious disease outbreak on health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):241-7.
• 5. Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Tan BYQ, et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:559-65.
• 6. Tan W, Hao F, McIntyre RS, et al. Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:84-92.
• 7. Taghrir MH, Borazjani R, Shiraly R. COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception. Arch Iran Med. 2020;23(4):249-54.
• 8. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, et al. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4:561-71.
• 9. Robert G, Newcombe DG, Altman D (Edited by). Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines. 2nd Edition, London: Wiley. 2000:45–7.
• 10. Güneysu F, Guner NG, Erdem AF, et al. COVID-19 Mortality be Predicted in the Emergency Room?. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2020;30(9):928-32.
• 11. Jin JM, Bai P, He W, et al. Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality. Front Public Health. 2020;8:152.
• 12. Karaşar B, Canli D. Psychological Resilience and Depression during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(2):273-9.
• 13. Sharif S, Amin F, Hafiz M, et al. COVID 19-Depression and Neurosurgeons. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:401-10.
• 14. Yildirim TT, Atas O, Asafov A, et al. Psychological Status of Healthcare Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2020;30(6):26-31.
• 15. Liu Y, Chen H, Zhang N, et al. Anxiety and depression symptoms of medical staff under COVID-19 epidemic in China. J Affect Disord. 2021;278:144-8.
• 16. Parker G, Brotchie H. Gender differences in depression. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2010;22(5):429-36.
• 17. Stroebe MS. The broken heart phenomenon: An examination of the mortality of bereavement. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 1994;4(1):47–61.
• 18. Juan Y, Yuanyuan C, Qiuxiang Y, et al. Psychological distress surveillance and related impact analysis of hospital staff during the COVID-19 epidemic in Chongqing, China. Compr Psychiatry. 2020;103:152-98.
• 19. Chen CS, Wu HY, Yang P, et al. Psychological distress of nurses in Taiwan who worked during the outbreak of SARS. Psychiatr Serv. 2005;56(1):76-9.
• 20. Chua SE, Cheung V, Cheung C, et al. Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(6):391-3.
• 21. Ding Y, Xu J, Huang S, et al. Risk Perception and Depression in Public Health Crises: Evidence from the COVID-19 Crisis in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):572-8.
• 22. Voeten HACM, De Zwart O, Veldhuijzen IK, et al. Sources of information and health beliefs related to SARS and avian influenza among Chinese Communities in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, compared to the general population in these countries. Int J Behav Med. 2009;16(1):49– 57.
• 23. Brug J, Aro AR, Oenema A, et al. SARS risk perception, knowledge, precautions, and information sources, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10(8):1486–9.
• 24. Fischhoff B. Risk Perception and Communication. Annu Rev Public Health. 1993;14(1):183–203.